Richard Burthogge: Difference between revisions
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'''Richard Burthogge''' (1638-1698) was an English physician and philosopher. |
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{{Use British English|date=September 2016}} |
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'''Richard Burthogge''' (1637/38–1705) (''alias'' Borthoge, Burthog, [[List of Latinized names|Latinized]] to ''Burthoggius'') of [[Devon]], England, was a [[physician]], [[magistrate]] and [[philosopher]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Richard Burthogge was the son of a Captain of [[Infantry|Foot]] at the garrison of [[Plymouth]], and was baptised in Plympton St Maurice on 30 January 1637 (OS; 1638 by Modern Style). He attended [[Exeter Grammar School]],<ref name = CDNB>''Concise Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> was admitted to [[All Souls College, Oxford]], as a servitor in 1654, migrated to [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], and graduated B.A. "completed by determination" in 1658.<ref> Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, Vol. IV, p. 581</ref> He matriculated at the [[University of Leiden]] in October 1661. His doctoral thesis was entitled "''De lithiasi et calculo''" and submitted on 27 February 1662. |
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Back in England, Burthogge practiced medicine in and near [[Totnes]]. He spent many years at [[Bowden, Ashprington|Bowden House]], [[Ashprington]], near Totnes, which belonged to his sister’s husband Edward Giles. Unprejudiced even against Catholics and probably himself a [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Non-Conformist]], he was made a [[Justice of the Peace]] under King [[James II of England|James II]], a position he retained under King [[William III of England|William III]]. |
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He was born in [[Plymouth]], and went to school at [[Exeter]] grammar school.<ref name = CDNB>''Concise Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> He studied at [[All Souls College, Oxford]], where he graduated B.A. in 1658. He then spent time at the [[University of Leiden]], where he probably came under the influence of the philosopher [[Arnold Geulincx]],<ref>Udo Thiele, ''Individuation'', p. 232 in Daniel Garber, Michael Ayers (editors), ''The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy'' (2003).</ref> and graduated M.D. in 1662. He practiced medicine in [[Bowden, Devon]].<ref name = CDNB/> |
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Burthogge married at least three times. His first wife was Sarah Trevill,<ref name="The Totnes Times, 31 March 1928">The Totnes Times, 31 March 1928</ref> the daughter of Andrew Trevill, to whom he dedicated ''The Divine Goodness'' in 1670 and his ''Organum Vetus et Novum'' in 1678. In the following years, when married to Mary Deeble,<ref name="The Totnes Times, 31 March 1928"/> Burthogge published several other works on religious subjects and two further philosophical works, both dedicated to [[John Locke]]: ''An Essay upon Reason, and the Nature of Spirits'' (1694) and ''Of the Soul of the World; and of Particular Souls'' (1699). Mary Deeble probably died in 1695. His daughters Sarah, Mary and Ann originated from these first two marriages. Ann Burthogge, who predeceased her father, left a young son, Richard Babbage, ancestor of the computer pioneer [[Charles Babbage]]. At the time of his death Burthogge was married to Honour and seems to have lived at Bowden. He died in 1705 and was buried at St. Mary’s church, Totnes, on 24 July 1705.<ref>Dictionary of National Biography</ref> |
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==Views== |
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==Opinions== |
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In his philosophical and theological writings he was a critic in some |
In his philosophical and theological writings he was a critic in some respects of [[John Locke]], but generally his supporter, and an advocate of [[religious toleration]]. His [[epistemology]] was [[empiricist]], and he opposed [[innate idea]]s. His [[metaphysics]] was distinctive, but not completely worked out.<ref name = Pyle>[[Andrew Pyle (philosopher)|Andrew Pyle]] (editor), ''Dictionary of Seventeenth-Century British Philosophers'' (2000), article ''Burthogge, Richard'', pp. 147-150.</ref> |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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*Divine Goodness explicated and vindicated from the Exceptions of the Atheist (1670) (entitled "Tagathon, or Divine Goodness…" in the 1671 and 1672 editions) |
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*Causa Dei, or an Apology for God (1675) |
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*Organum vetus et novum, or Discourse on Reason and Truth (1678) |
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*An Argument for Infants’ Baptism (1683) |
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*Vindiciae Paedo-Baptismi (1685) |
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*Prudential Reasons for repealing the Penal Laws against all Recusants (1687) |
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*The Nature of Church-Government (1691) |
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*Of the Soul of the World; and of Particular Souls (1699) |
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*Christianity a Revealed Mystery (1702) |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |
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* Margaret Winifred Landes, (editor) (1921) ''The Philosophical Writings of Richard Burthogge'' |
* Margaret Winifred Landes, (editor) (1921) ''The Philosophical Writings of Richard Burthogge'' |
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* [[Michael R. Ayers]] (2005). Richard Burthogge and the Origins of Modern Conceptualism. In Tom Sorell & G. A. J. Rogers (eds.), ''Analytic Philosophy and History of Philosophy''. Oxford University Press. |
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* [[Gabriel Nuchelmans]], ''Judgement and proposition: from Descartes to Kant'' (1983) |
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[[Category:1630s births]] |
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[[Category:1705 deaths]] |
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[[Category:18th-century English medical doctors]] |
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[[Category:English philosophers]] |
[[Category:English philosophers]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of All Souls College, Oxford]] |
[[Category:Alumni of All Souls College, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:45, 21 September 2024
Richard Burthogge (1637/38–1705) (alias Borthoge, Burthog, Latinized to Burthoggius) of Devon, England, was a physician, magistrate and philosopher.
Life
[edit]Richard Burthogge was the son of a Captain of Foot at the garrison of Plymouth, and was baptised in Plympton St Maurice on 30 January 1637 (OS; 1638 by Modern Style). He attended Exeter Grammar School,[1] was admitted to All Souls College, Oxford, as a servitor in 1654, migrated to Lincoln College, Oxford, and graduated B.A. "completed by determination" in 1658.[2] He matriculated at the University of Leiden in October 1661. His doctoral thesis was entitled "De lithiasi et calculo" and submitted on 27 February 1662.
Back in England, Burthogge practiced medicine in and near Totnes. He spent many years at Bowden House, Ashprington, near Totnes, which belonged to his sister’s husband Edward Giles. Unprejudiced even against Catholics and probably himself a Non-Conformist, he was made a Justice of the Peace under King James II, a position he retained under King William III.
Burthogge married at least three times. His first wife was Sarah Trevill,[3] the daughter of Andrew Trevill, to whom he dedicated The Divine Goodness in 1670 and his Organum Vetus et Novum in 1678. In the following years, when married to Mary Deeble,[3] Burthogge published several other works on religious subjects and two further philosophical works, both dedicated to John Locke: An Essay upon Reason, and the Nature of Spirits (1694) and Of the Soul of the World; and of Particular Souls (1699). Mary Deeble probably died in 1695. His daughters Sarah, Mary and Ann originated from these first two marriages. Ann Burthogge, who predeceased her father, left a young son, Richard Babbage, ancestor of the computer pioneer Charles Babbage. At the time of his death Burthogge was married to Honour and seems to have lived at Bowden. He died in 1705 and was buried at St. Mary’s church, Totnes, on 24 July 1705.[4]
Opinions
[edit]In his philosophical and theological writings he was a critic in some respects of John Locke, but generally his supporter, and an advocate of religious toleration. His epistemology was empiricist, and he opposed innate ideas. His metaphysics was distinctive, but not completely worked out.[5]
Works
[edit]- Divine Goodness explicated and vindicated from the Exceptions of the Atheist (1670) (entitled "Tagathon, or Divine Goodness…" in the 1671 and 1672 editions)
- Causa Dei, or an Apology for God (1675)
- Organum vetus et novum, or Discourse on Reason and Truth (1678)
- An Argument for Infants’ Baptism (1683)
- Vindiciae Paedo-Baptismi (1685)
- Prudential Reasons for repealing the Penal Laws against all Recusants (1687)
- The Nature of Church-Government (1691)
- Essay upon Reason and the Nature of Spirits (1694)
- Of the Soul of the World; and of Particular Souls (1699)
- Christianity a Revealed Mystery (1702)
Notes
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Margaret Winifred Landes, (editor) (1921) The Philosophical Writings of Richard Burthogge
- Michael R. Ayers (2005). Richard Burthogge and the Origins of Modern Conceptualism. In Tom Sorell & G. A. J. Rogers (eds.), Analytic Philosophy and History of Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
- Gabriel Nuchelmans, Judgement and proposition: from Descartes to Kant (1983)
