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{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| name = ''Ficimia streckeri''
| name = ''Ficimia streckeri''
| image = Ficimia streckeri.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>[[species:Geoffrey A. Hammerson|Hammerson GA]], [[species:Pablo Antonio Lavin-Murcio|Lavin P]], [[species:Fernando Mendoza-Quijano|Mendoza Quijano F]] (2007). "''Ficimia streckeri'' ". The [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63784A12708575. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63784A12708575.en. Downloadedon 16 July 2020.</ref>
| genus = Ficimia
| genus = Ficimia
| species = streckeri
| species = streckeri
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}}
}}


'''''Ficimia streckeri''''', commonly known as the '''Mexican hooknose snake''' or '''Tamaulipan hooknose snake''', is a small [[species]] of [[Colubridae|colubrid]] [[snake]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to northeastern [[Mexico]] and the adjacent southwestern [[United States]].
'''''Ficimia streckeri''''', also commonly known as the '''Mexican hooknose snake''', the '''Tamaulipan hooknose snake''', and the '''Texas hook-nosed snake''', is a small [[species]] of [[snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Colubridae]]. The species is native to northeastern [[Mexico]] and adjacent southern [[Texas]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
''F. streckeri'' is found primarily in the [[Mexico|Mexican]] states of [[Nuevo León]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[San Luis Potosí]], and [[Puebla]], but its geographic range extends as far north as the [[United States]], in southern [[Texas]].
''F. streckeri'' is found primarily in the Mexican states of [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Puebla]], eastern [[San Luis Potosí]], and [[Tamaulipas]], but its geographic range extends as far north as southern Texas in the United States.<ref name=RDB/>


==Description==
==Description==
The Mexican hooknose snake is usually {{convert|5|to|11|in|cm|abbr=on}} in total length (including tail). [[Hobart Muir Smith|H.M. Smith]] and Brodie (1982) report a maximum total length of 47.9&nbsp;cm (almost 19 inches).<ref name="Sm&Br1982">[[Hobart Muir Smith|Smith HM]], Brodie ED Jr (1982). ''Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification''. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. {{ISBN|0-307-13666-3}}. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 174-175).</ref>
The Mexican hooknose snake is usually {{convert|5|to|11|in|cm|abbr=on}} in total length (including tail). [[Hobart Muir Smith|H.M. Smith]] and [[species:Edmund Darrell Brodie Jr.|Brodie]] (1982) report a maximum total length of 47.9&nbsp;cm (almost 19 inches).<ref name="Sm&Br1982">[[Hobart Muir Smith|Smith HM]], [[species:Edmund Darrell Brodie Jr.|Brodie ED Jr]] (1982). ''Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification''. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. {{ISBN|0-307-13666-3}}. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 174-175).</ref>


It is typically brown or gray in color, with as many as 60 brown or brown-green blotches down the back, which are elongated to almost appear as stripes. Its underside is white or cream-colored.
It is typically brown or gray in color, with as many as 60 brown or brown-green blotches down the back, which are elongated to almost appear as stripes. Its underside is white or cream-colored.


Its most distinctive feature is an upturned snout, much like [[Hognose|hognose snakes]], which gives it its common name. However, unlike [[Hognose|hognose snakes]], Mexican hooknose snakes have smooth dorsal scales. Also distinctive is the arrangement of the head shields. There are no [[Internasal scales|internasal]]s, and the [[Rostral scale|rostral]] separates the [[Prefrontal scales|prefrontal]]s and contacts the [[Frontal scale|frontal]].<ref>[[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt KP]], Davis DD (1941). ''Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (''Ficimia streckeri'', p. 203).</ref>
Its most distinctive feature is an upturned snout, much like [[Hognose|hognose snakes]], which gives it its common name. However, unlike hognose snakes, the Mexican hooknose snake has smooth [[dorsal scales]]. Also distinctive is the arrangement of the head shields. There are no [[Internasal scales|internasal]]s, and the [[Rostral scale|rostral]] separates the [[Prefrontal scales|prefrontal]]s and contacts the [[Frontal scale|frontal]].<ref name=S&D>[[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt KP]], [[Delbert Dwight Davis|Davis DD]] (1941). ''Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (''Ficimia streckeri'', p. 203).</ref>


The smooth [[dorsal scales]] are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. [[Ventral scales|Ventrals]] 126-155, [[Subcaudal scales|subcaudals]] 28-41.<ref name="Sm&Br1982"/>
The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. The [[Ventral scales|ventrals]] number 126–155, and the [[Subcaudal scales|subcaudals]] number 28–41.<ref name="Sm&Br1982"/>


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
The Mexican hooknose snake is mostly [[nocturnal animal|nocturnal]], and is a burrower.<ref>[[Albert Hazen Wright|Wright AH]], Wright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (''Ficimia olivacea streckeri'', pp. 279-282, Figure 86, Map 26).</ref><ref>[[Roger Conant (herpetologist)|Conant R]] (1975). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition''. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 429 pp. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 216-217 + Plate 33 + Map 160).</ref> It is fairly slow-moving and harmless to humans.
The Mexican hooknose snake is mostly [[nocturnal animal|nocturnal]], and is a burrower.<ref>[[Albert Hazen Wright|Wright AH]], [[species:Anna Allen Wright|Wright AA]] (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (''Ficimia olivacea streckeri'', pp. 279-282, Figure 86, Map 26).</ref><ref>[[Roger Conant (herpetologist)|Conant R]] (1975). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition''. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 429 pp. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 216-217 + Plate 33 + Map 160).</ref> It is fairly slow-moving and harmless to humans.


==Diet==
==Diet==
The [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] of ''F. streckeri'' consists primarily of [[spider]]s and [[centipede]]s.
The [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] of ''F. streckeri'' consists primarily of [[spider]]s and [[centipede]]s.<ref>[[John L. Behler|Behler JL]], [[species:Frederic Wayne King|King FW]] (1979). ''The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. {{ISBN|0-394-50824-6}}. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 611–612 + Plate 547).</ref>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
The Mexican hooknose snake inhabits woodlands along the [[Rio Grande]] river plain, near natural and man-made sources of water.
The Mexican hooknose snake inhabits woodlands along the [[Rio Grande]] river plain, near natural and man-made sources of water.<ref>[[Robert Powell (herpetologist)|Powell R]], Conant R, [[Joseph T. Collins|Collins JT]](2016). ''Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition''. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp. 47 color plates, 207 Figures. {{ISBN|978-0-544-12997-9}}. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp. 374–375 + Plate 33).</ref>


==Defense==
==Defense==
The primary form of defense of ''F. streckeri'' is making a popping sound by expanding its [[cloaca]] when harassed or handled.
The primary form of defense of ''F. streckeri'' is making a popping sound by expanding its [[cloaca]] when harassed or handled.<ref name=S&D/>


==Reproduction==
==Reproduction==
Mexican hooknose snakes are [[oviparous]].
The Mexican hooknose snake is [[Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Ficimia|species=streckeri}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{EMBL species|genus=Ficimia|species=streckeri}}
*[http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ficimia.streckeri.html Herps of Texas: ''Ficimia streckeri'']
*[http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ficimia.streckeri.html Herps of Texas: ''Ficimia streckeri'']
*{{Commons category-inline|Ficimia streckeri|''Ficimia streckeri''}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Ficimia streckeri|''Ficimia streckeri''}}
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor EH]] (1931). "Notes on Two Specimens of the Rare Snake ''Ficimia cana'' and the Description of a New Species of ''Ficimia'' from Texas". Copeia '''1931''' (1): 4-7. (''Ficimia streckeri'', new species).
*[[species:Ralph William Axtell|Axtell RW]] (1950). "Two Specimens of the Snake ''Ficimia streckeri'' from Texas". ''Copeia'' '''1950''' (2): 157.
*[[species:Stephen R. Goldberg|Goldberg SR]] (2016). "Notes on the Testicular Cycle of the Mexican Hooknose Snake, ''Ficimia streckeri'' (Serpentes, Colubridae)". ''Sonoran Herpetologist'' '''29''' (4): 48.
*[[species:Peter Heimes|Heimes P]] (2016). ''Snakes of Mexico: Herpetofauna Mexicana Vol. I''. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Chimaira. 572 pp. {{ISBN|978-3899731002}}.
*[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor EH]] (1931). "Notes on Two Specimens of the Rare Snake ''Ficimia cana'' and the Description of a New Species of ''Ficimia'' from Texas". Copeia '''1931''' (1): 4–7. (''Ficimia streckeri'', new species).
*[[Herbert S. Zim|Zim HS]], [[Hobart Muir Smith|Smith HM]] (1956). ''Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species''. Revised Edition. Golden Nature Guides Series. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (''Ficimia streckeri'', pp.&nbsp;83–84, 156).


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3021709}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3021709}}


[[Category:Colubrids]]
[[Category:Ficimia]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1931]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1931]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Mexico]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Mexico]]
[[Category:Reptiles of the United States]]
[[Category:Reptiles of the United States]]
[[Category:Fauna of the U.S. Rio Grande Valleys]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Rio Grande valleys]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Harrison Taylor]]

Latest revision as of 00:20, 24 September 2024

Ficimia streckeri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Ficimia
Species:
F. streckeri
Binomial name
Ficimia streckeri
Taylor, 1931

Ficimia streckeri, also commonly known as the Mexican hooknose snake, the Tamaulipan hooknose snake, and the Texas hook-nosed snake, is a small species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to northeastern Mexico and adjacent southern Texas.

Etymology

[edit]

The specific name or epithet, streckeri, is in honor of the American naturalist John Kern Strecker Jr.[2][3]

Geographic range

[edit]

F. streckeri is found primarily in the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, eastern San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas, but its geographic range extends as far north as southern Texas in the United States.[4]

Description

[edit]

The Mexican hooknose snake is usually 5 to 11 in (13 to 28 cm) in total length (including tail). H.M. Smith and Brodie (1982) report a maximum total length of 47.9 cm (almost 19 inches).[5]

It is typically brown or gray in color, with as many as 60 brown or brown-green blotches down the back, which are elongated to almost appear as stripes. Its underside is white or cream-colored.

Its most distinctive feature is an upturned snout, much like hognose snakes, which gives it its common name. However, unlike hognose snakes, the Mexican hooknose snake has smooth dorsal scales. Also distinctive is the arrangement of the head shields. There are no internasals, and the rostral separates the prefrontals and contacts the frontal.[6]

The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. The ventrals number 126–155, and the subcaudals number 28–41.[5]

Behavior

[edit]

The Mexican hooknose snake is mostly nocturnal, and is a burrower.[7][8] It is fairly slow-moving and harmless to humans.

Diet

[edit]

The diet of F. streckeri consists primarily of spiders and centipedes.[9]

Habitat

[edit]

The Mexican hooknose snake inhabits woodlands along the Rio Grande river plain, near natural and man-made sources of water.[10]

Defense

[edit]

The primary form of defense of F. streckeri is making a popping sound by expanding its cloaca when harassed or handled.[6]

Reproduction

[edit]

The Mexican hooknose snake is oviparous.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hammerson GA, Lavin P, Mendoza Quijano F (2007). "Ficimia streckeri ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63784A12708575. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63784A12708575.en. Downloadedon 16 July 2020.
  2. ^ Beltz, Ellin (2006). Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained. www.ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx.html#S.
  3. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Ficimia streckeri, p. 256).
  4. ^ a b Species Ficimia streckeri at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  5. ^ a b Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3. (Ficimia streckeri, pp. 174-175).
  6. ^ a b Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Ficimia streckeri, p. 203).
  7. ^ Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Ficimia olivacea streckeri, pp. 279-282, Figure 86, Map 26).
  8. ^ Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 429 pp. (Ficimia streckeri, pp. 216-217 + Plate 33 + Map 160).
  9. ^ Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. ISBN 0-394-50824-6. (Ficimia streckeri, pp. 611–612 + Plate 547).
  10. ^ Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT(2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp. 47 color plates, 207 Figures. ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9. (Ficimia streckeri, pp. 374–375 + Plate 33).
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Axtell RW (1950). "Two Specimens of the Snake Ficimia streckeri from Texas". Copeia 1950 (2): 157.
  • Goldberg SR (2016). "Notes on the Testicular Cycle of the Mexican Hooknose Snake, Ficimia streckeri (Serpentes, Colubridae)". Sonoran Herpetologist 29 (4): 48.
  • Heimes P (2016). Snakes of Mexico: Herpetofauna Mexicana Vol. I. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Chimaira. 572 pp. ISBN 978-3899731002.
  • Taylor EH (1931). "Notes on Two Specimens of the Rare Snake Ficimia cana and the Description of a New Species of Ficimia from Texas". Copeia 1931 (1): 4–7. (Ficimia streckeri, new species).
  • Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species. Revised Edition. Golden Nature Guides Series. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Ficimia streckeri, pp. 83–84, 156).
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