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{{Short description|Cuban human rights activist}}
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'''Sebastian Arcos Bergnes''' (1931 - December 22, 1997, New York City) was a Cuban [[human rights]] activist. A prominent Cuban dissident, he was openly adversarial to the dictatorships of [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Fulgencio Batista]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/28/world/sebastian-arcos-is-dead-at-65-human-rights-fighter-in-cuba.html|title=Sebastian Arcos Is Dead at 65; Human Rights Fighter in Cuba|author=[[Larry Rohter]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 28, 1997}}</ref>
{{Infobox person
⚫
| name = Sebastian Arcos Bergnes
| image = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
⚫
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1931
| birth_place =
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| death_date = December 22, 1997
| death_place = [[New York City]]
| nationality = [[Cuba]]n
| other_names =
| occupation = Dentist
| organization = Committee for Human Rights in Cuba
| known_for = human rights activism
| relatives = [[Gustavo Arcos]] and Luis Arcos Bergnes (brothers)
⚫
}}


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'''Sebastian Arcos Bergnes''' (1931 – December 22, 1997, New York City) was a Cuban [[human rights]] activist. A prominent Cuban dissident, he was openly adversarial to the dictatorships of [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Fulgencio Batista]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/28/world/sebastian-arcos-is-dead-at-65-human-rights-fighter-in-cuba.html|title=Sebastian Arcos Is Dead at 65; Human Rights Fighter in Cuba|author=Larry Rohter|author-link=Larry Rohter|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 28, 1997}}</ref>
==Life and career==
⚫
In March 1990, in reaction to the UN Commission of Human Rights having passed a resolution criticizing Cuba's human rights record, the regime launched the worst wave of "acts of repudiation" since the 1980 [[Mariel boatlift|Mariel Boatlift]], starting with Sebastian's home, which suffered two attacks in one week. In the second attack, the Arcos home was kept under constant siege for almost two days by an angry government-led mob. In the summer of 1990, the CCPDH once again made history by calling on the Cuban regime to engage in a "civic dialogue" with opponents inside and outside the island. Ironically, as a result, CCPDH members were accused of being "US agents" by the Cuban regime and "Castro agents" by the exiled community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/90.91eng/chap.4.htm |title=Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |date=February 22, 1991 |publisher=Organization of American States |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Amw-03.htm |title=Human Rights Developments: Cuba |year=1993 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref>


==Role in Cuban Revolution==
In 1992 Sebastian was again arrested by the secret police.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19960418.hrcn742.html |title=Country Delegations, Non-Governmental Organizations Allege Human Rights Violations Throughout World, at Human Rights Commission Debate |date=April 18, 1996 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=29 June 2012}}</ref> Charged with "enemy propaganda" and "inciting to rebellion," he was sentenced to four years and eight months. He was transferred to Ariza Prison in [[Cienfuegos Province]], more than 130 miles from Havana, where he was imprisoned alongside dangerous criminals and systematically denied medical attention.[http://193.194.138.190/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/c914003814fde070802567120056d285?Opendocument] In 1993 the regime offered Sebastian a deal: he would be released immediately if he only agreed to leave the island for good.[http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ESLAMR250111993?open&of=ESL-2M5] Sebastian rejected the deal, becoming the first political prisoner ever to choose prison in Cuba over freedom in exile. After a vigorous international campaign that included his designation as an [[Amnesty International]] [[prisoner of conscience]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR25/008/1992/en/1108d59e-edc3-11dd-a95b-fd9a617f028f/amr250081992en.html |title=Further information on 24/92 (AMR 25/05/92, 16 January 1992) - Prisoners of Conscience/Legal Concern |author= |date=20 January 1992 |work= |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |accessdate=22 January 2012}}</ref> he was finally released in 1995. A few weeks after his release, Sebastian was diagnosed with a [[Cancer|malignant tumor]] in the rectum which forced him to travel to Miami for treatment. In 1996 he testified before the UN Human Rights Commission in [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]], and in 1997 was awarded the first Human Rights Award given by the Spanish-Cuban Foundation (Fundación Hispano-Cubana). Sebastian Arcos died in the family home in Miami on December 22, 1997.[http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/cuba/Cuba996-06.htm] His case is a textbook example to showcase the denial of medical attention as a form of torture used by the Castro regime against Cuban [[political prisoner]]s.[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/ref.index.instan.medneg.html]
Arcos's family had a long history of political action. His older brother [[Gustavo Arcos|Gustavo]] was maimed fighting alongside Castro at the [[Moncada Barracks]], the first battle of the [[Cuban Revolution]]. Another brother, Luis, was later killed in the fighting.<ref name=MH>{{cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D929D014B147&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Cubans Mourn Death of Dissident Sebastian Arcos |author=Fabiola Santiago |date=December 24, 1997 |work=The Miami Herald |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> Sebastian, a dentist by training, also opposed that Batista dictatorship.<ref name=NYT />


In the years following the revolution, Arcos held several posts in the Castro government. In the 1960s, however, Gustavo was arrested for criticizing Castro, and Arcos resigned his membership in the [[Communist Party of Cuba]].<ref name=NYT />
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==References==

{{reflist}}
==Committee for Human Rights in Cuba==
In 1981, Arcos helped found the Committee for Human Rights in Cuba, becoming its vice president. His brother Gustavo served as president. The group was one of the first dissident groups in Cuba.<ref name=OS>{{cite web |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1997/12/25/sebastian-arcos-bergnes/ |title=Sebastian Arcos Bergnes |date=December 25, 1997 |work=Orlando Sentinel |access-date=June 29, 2012}}</ref>

Later in the same year, Arcos was arrested, spending more than six years with Gustavo in [[Combinado del Este]] prison.<ref name=MH/>

==1992 arrest==
⚫
In March 1990, in reaction to the UN Commission of Human Rights having passed a resolution criticizing Cuba's human rights record, the regime launched the worst wave of "acts of repudiation" since the 1980 [[Mariel boatlift|Mariel Boatlift]], starting with Arcos's home, which suffered two attacks in one week. In the second attack, the Arcos home was kept under constant siege for almost two days by an angry government-led mob. In the summer of 1990, the CCPDH once again made history by calling on the Cuban regime to engage in a "civic dialogue" with opponents inside and outside the island. Ironically, as a result, CCPDH members were accused of being "US agents" by the Cuban regime and "Castro agents" by the exiled community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/90.91eng/chap.4.htm |title=Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |date=February 22, 1991 |publisher=Organization of American States |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Amw-03.htm |title=Human Rights Developments: Cuba |year=1993 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref>

In 1992, Arcos was again arrested by the secret police.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19960418.hrcn742.html |title=Country Delegations, Non-Governmental Organizations Allege Human Rights Violations Throughout World, at Human Rights Commission Debate |date=April 18, 1996 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=29 June 2012}}</ref> Charged with "enemy propaganda" and "inciting to rebellion," he was sentenced to four years and eight months. He was transferred to Ariza Prison in [[Cienfuegos Province]], more than 130 miles from Havana, where he was imprisoned alongside dangerous criminals and systematically denied medical attention.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/commission/country51/52.htm|title=Report on the situation of human rights in Cuba, prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Carl-Johan Groth, in accordance with Commission resolution 1994/71 |author=Carl-Johan Groth |date=January 11, 1995 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> In 1993 the regime offered Arcos a deal: he would be released immediately if he only agreed to leave the island for good. Arcos rejected the deal, becoming the first political prisoner ever to choose prison in Cuba over freedom in exile.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

==Release and illness==
After an international campaign that included his designation as an [[Amnesty International]] [[prisoner of conscience]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr25/008/1992/en/ |title=Further information on 24/92 (AMR 25/05/92, 16 January 1992) - Prisoners of Conscience/Legal Concern |author= |date= January 20, 1992 |work= |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |accessdate=January 22, 2012}}</ref> and a request by [[France Libertés]], the organization founded by former French first lady [[Danielle Mitterrand]], Arcos was released in 1995.<ref name=OS/> A few weeks after his release, Arcos was diagnosed with a [[Cancer|malignant tumor]] in the rectum, for which he had previously been denied medicine and treatment in prison.<ref name=NYT/>

After a Cuban doctor was fired from his post for treating Arocs, he traveled to Miami for further care.<ref name=NYT/> In 1996 he testified before the UN Human Rights Commission in [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]], and in 1997 was awarded the first Human Rights Award given by the Spanish-Cuban Foundation (Fundación Hispano-Cubana). Arcos died in the family home in Miami on December 22, 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/cuba/Cuba996-06.htm |title=Cuba's Repressive Machinery: Human Rights Forty Years after the Revolution |year=1999 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> After his death, US President [[Bill Clinton]] described him as "a courageous and tireless activist for human rights, democracy and freedom in Cuba", while Cuban human rights activist [[Elizardo Sanchez Santa Cruz]] called him "irreplaceable" to the dissident movement.<ref name=NYT/>

==Family==
Arcos had two children, Sebastian and Maria Rosa.<ref name=NYT/> He also had a brother named Luis Arcos Bergnes. <ref name="MH" />


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Human Rights in Cuba]]
* [[Human Rights in Cuba]]
* [[Darsi Ferrer Ramírez]]


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==References==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{Reflist}}
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| NAME = Arcos Bergnes, Sebastian

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| DATE OF DEATH = December 22, 1997
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| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arcos Bergnes, Sebastian}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arcos Bergnes, Sebastian}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Cuba]]
[[Category:Cuban dissidents]]
[[Category:Cuban dissidents]]
[[Category:Cuban politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Cuban politicians]]
[[Category:People from Caibarién]]
[[Category:People from Caibarién]]
[[Category:People of the Cuban Revolution]]
[[Category:Cuban prisoners and detainees]]

Latest revision as of 05:34, 24 September 2024

Sebastian Arcos Bergnes
Born1931
DiedDecember 22, 1997
New York City
NationalityCuban
OccupationDentist
OrganizationCommittee for Human Rights in Cuba
Known forhuman rights activism
RelativesGustavo Arcos and Luis Arcos Bergnes (brothers)

Sebastian Arcos Bergnes (1931 – December 22, 1997, New York City) was a Cuban human rights activist. A prominent Cuban dissident, he was openly adversarial to the dictatorships of Fidel Castro and Fulgencio Batista.[1]

Role in Cuban Revolution

[edit]

Arcos's family had a long history of political action. His older brother Gustavo was maimed fighting alongside Castro at the Moncada Barracks, the first battle of the Cuban Revolution. Another brother, Luis, was later killed in the fighting.[2] Sebastian, a dentist by training, also opposed that Batista dictatorship.[1]

In the years following the revolution, Arcos held several posts in the Castro government. In the 1960s, however, Gustavo was arrested for criticizing Castro, and Arcos resigned his membership in the Communist Party of Cuba.[1]

Committee for Human Rights in Cuba

[edit]

In 1981, Arcos helped found the Committee for Human Rights in Cuba, becoming its vice president. His brother Gustavo served as president. The group was one of the first dissident groups in Cuba.[3]

Later in the same year, Arcos was arrested, spending more than six years with Gustavo in Combinado del Este prison.[2]

1992 arrest

[edit]

In March 1990, in reaction to the UN Commission of Human Rights having passed a resolution criticizing Cuba's human rights record, the regime launched the worst wave of "acts of repudiation" since the 1980 Mariel Boatlift, starting with Arcos's home, which suffered two attacks in one week. In the second attack, the Arcos home was kept under constant siege for almost two days by an angry government-led mob. In the summer of 1990, the CCPDH once again made history by calling on the Cuban regime to engage in a "civic dialogue" with opponents inside and outside the island. Ironically, as a result, CCPDH members were accused of being "US agents" by the Cuban regime and "Castro agents" by the exiled community.[4][5]

In 1992, Arcos was again arrested by the secret police.[6] Charged with "enemy propaganda" and "inciting to rebellion," he was sentenced to four years and eight months. He was transferred to Ariza Prison in Cienfuegos Province, more than 130 miles from Havana, where he was imprisoned alongside dangerous criminals and systematically denied medical attention.[7] In 1993 the regime offered Arcos a deal: he would be released immediately if he only agreed to leave the island for good. Arcos rejected the deal, becoming the first political prisoner ever to choose prison in Cuba over freedom in exile.[citation needed]

Release and illness

[edit]

After an international campaign that included his designation as an Amnesty International prisoner of conscience[8] and a request by France Libertés, the organization founded by former French first lady Danielle Mitterrand, Arcos was released in 1995.[3] A few weeks after his release, Arcos was diagnosed with a malignant tumor in the rectum, for which he had previously been denied medicine and treatment in prison.[1]

After a Cuban doctor was fired from his post for treating Arocs, he traveled to Miami for further care.[1] In 1996 he testified before the UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva, Switzerland, and in 1997 was awarded the first Human Rights Award given by the Spanish-Cuban Foundation (Fundación Hispano-Cubana). Arcos died in the family home in Miami on December 22, 1997.[9] After his death, US President Bill Clinton described him as "a courageous and tireless activist for human rights, democracy and freedom in Cuba", while Cuban human rights activist Elizardo Sanchez Santa Cruz called him "irreplaceable" to the dissident movement.[1]

Family

[edit]

Arcos had two children, Sebastian and Maria Rosa.[1] He also had a brother named Luis Arcos Bergnes. [2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Larry Rohter (December 28, 1997). "Sebastian Arcos Is Dead at 65; Human Rights Fighter in Cuba". The New York Times.
  2. ^ a b c Fabiola Santiago (December 24, 1997). "Cubans Mourn Death of Dissident Sebastian Arcos". The Miami Herald. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Sebastian Arcos Bergnes". Orlando Sentinel. December 25, 1997. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ^ "Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights". Organization of American States. February 22, 1991. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ^ "Human Rights Developments: Cuba". Human Rights Watch. 1993. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ^ "Country Delegations, Non-Governmental Organizations Allege Human Rights Violations Throughout World, at Human Rights Commission Debate". United Nations. April 18, 1996. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  7. ^ Carl-Johan Groth (January 11, 1995). "Report on the situation of human rights in Cuba, prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Carl-Johan Groth, in accordance with Commission resolution 1994/71". United Nations. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  8. ^ "Further information on 24/92 (AMR 25/05/92, 16 January 1992) - Prisoners of Conscience/Legal Concern". Amnesty International. January 20, 1992. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  9. ^ "Cuba's Repressive Machinery: Human Rights Forty Years after the Revolution". Human Rights Watch. 1999. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
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