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{{short description|Ethnic group of the Indian Jat community}} |
{{short description|Ethnic group of the Indian Jat community}} |
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{{one source|date=November 2011}} |
{{one source|date=November 2011}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Infobox ethnic group |
{{Infobox ethnic group |
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| group = Rath |
| group = Rath |
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| total = |
| total = |
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| popplace ={{hlist|India|Pakistan}} |
| popplace = {{hlist|India|Pakistan}} |
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| langs ={{hlist|[[Hindi language|Hindi]] | [[Marwari language|Marwari]]}} |
| langs = {{hlist|[[Hindi language|Hindi]] | [[Marwari language|Marwari]]}} ([[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]) |
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| rels =[[ |
| rels = {{hlist|[[Hinduism]]|[[Islam]]}} |
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| related ={{hlist|[[Sindhi-Sipahi]] | [[Qaimkhani]]}} |
| related = {{hlist|[[Sindhi-Sipahi]] | [[Qaimkhani]]}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Rath''' ([[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]: रथ <small>([[Devanagari]])</small> {{Nastaliq|رتھ}} <small>([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])</small> |
The '''Rath''' ([[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]: रथ <small>([[Devanagari]])</small> {{Nastaliq|رتھ}} <small>([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]]),</small> are a community, found in the state of [[Rajasthan]] in India. They also settled in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] provinces Pakistan. There is another clan similar to it known as '''Rathi'''.<ref name="Pati">{{cite book |last=Pati |first=Sushmita |editor1-last=Mitra |editor1-first=Iman Kumar |editor2-last=Samaddar |editor2-first=Ranabir |editor3-last=Sen |editor3-first=Samita |editor3-link=Samita Sen |title=Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-1037-8 |isbn=978-9811010378 |page=95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKrCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |access-date=17 May 2020 |chapter=Accumulation by Possession: The Social Processes of Rent Seeking in Urban Delhi}}</ref> |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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{{anchor | Background }} |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{anchor | Etymology}} |
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The Rath are said to get their name from the [[Zebu|Rathi]] breed of cattle, which they used to and still herd.<ref name="popular"/> |
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===History === |
===History === |
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{{anchor | History }} |
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Historically, the Rath were a community of [[pastoral]] [[nomad]]s, breeding mainly cows and sheep, as well as cultivating dry crops, and migrating three to nine months of the year. Till about the 1950s, no recognized rights to the land existed. This was in marked contrast to the related [[Pachhada]] community, who were found in [[Hissar District|Hissar]] and Mahendargarh districts of [[Haryana]], who was forced to settle down by the [[United Kingdom|British]] authorities in the late 19th century. With the construction of the [[Indira Gandhi Canal]], land was divided up, and a large number granted to settlers. This led to a drastic reduction in the grazing area, and process that has led to the abandoning of the nomadic lifestyle. The community are now only partially nomadic, with some members taking the cattle and sheep to their grazing areas, while the majority remaining in the village.<ref name=ra1>Resisting Change? Adaptations by Traditional Pastoralists to the Rajasthan Canal Project by Saurabh Sinha International Institute for Environment and Development, Dryland Development Project page 21</ref> |
Historically, the Rath were a community of [[pastoral]] [[nomad]]s, breeding mainly cows and sheep, as well as cultivating dry crops, and migrating three to nine months of the year. Till about the 1950s, no recognized rights to the land existed. This was in marked contrast to the related [[Pachhada]] community, who were found in [[Hissar District|Hissar]] and Mahendargarh districts of [[Haryana]], who was forced to settle down by the [[United Kingdom|British]] authorities in the late 19th century. With the construction of the [[Indira Gandhi Canal]], land was divided up, and a large number granted to settlers. This led to a drastic reduction in the grazing area, and process that has led to the abandoning of the nomadic lifestyle. The community are now only partially nomadic, with some members taking the cattle and sheep to their grazing areas, while the majority remaining in the village.<ref name=ra1>Resisting Change? Adaptations by Traditional Pastoralists to the Rajasthan Canal Project by Saurabh Sinha International Institute for Environment and Development, Dryland Development Project page 21</ref> |
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According to the traditions of the Parhar Rath, they were originally [[Parihar]] Rajputs of [[Mandore]], who were defeated by the [[Rathore]]s, and fled to [[Sindh]]. During their period of exile, the Parhar were converted to [[Islam]]. The community than moved to the desert regions of [[Bikaner|Bikaner State]], and spread over time to the [[Cholistan]] desert region. While the Bohar and Johiya Rath both claim descent from the [[Bhatti clan|Bhatti]] [[Rajput]]s, and have different traditions as to their conversion to [[Islam]]. As a community, they have a strong self-identification as being a [[Rajput]] community. They are culturally close to tribesmen of the [[Cholistan]] region of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]], who are also largely Rath.<ref name="popular"/> |
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==Culture == |
==Culture == |
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{{anchor | Culture }} |
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===Biradari panchayat and social customs === |
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{{anchor | Biradari | Panchayat | Customs | Biradari panchayat | Social customs | Biradari panchayat and social customs }} |
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| ⚫ | Like other [[North India]] communities, they have a council of elders which settles intra-community disputes, and punishes the guilty. Each lineage has an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. This acts as an instrument of social control |
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=== Languages === |
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{{anchor | Language | Languages }} |
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'''Rathi language''' is a distinct dialect, with mixture of [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Bagri language|Bagri]] spoken in Haryana state of India. |
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Elsewhere, the Rath speak [[Saraiki language|Seraiki]] among themselves, and [[Marwari language|Marwari]] with others. They are also closely related to the Pachhadas, a community once found in [[Hisar, India|Hissar]] and [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] districts of [[Haryana]], but now found in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="popular"/> |
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== Demography == |
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{{anchor | Demography }} |
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===Sub-groups of Rath === |
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{{anchor | Clan | Clans | Gotra | Gotras | Subgroups | Sub-groups | Sub-groups of Rath | Sub-groups of Rath }} |
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Rath tribes are divided into three major sub-groups, the [[Parihar]] or sometimes referred to as Parhar Rath, the [[Joyia]] or and the [[Asthal Bohar|Bohar]], and a number of minor lineages, such as the Chanar, Larr, [[Chhachhar]] and Chandani.<ref name="popular"/> |
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The Parhar Rath community is further divided into a number of clans, known as [[gotra]]s. Their main clans include the Parihar, Kotowar, Daiya, Seikh, Lad and Koria. The various gotras observe a set pattern with regards to marriage. For example, the Parihar and Kotowar receive girls from the Koria, while the Daiya and Parihar give girls to the Kotowar and Seikh. Other Rath communities include the [[Bohar]] and [[Johiya]] tribal groupings, found mainly in the [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]], [[Ganganagar District|Ganganagar]] and the neighbouring region of [[Cholistan]] of [[Pakistan]]. Marriages tend to take place within the three sub-divisions, but marriages are forbidden within the gotra.<ref name="popular"/> |
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=== Geographical spread === |
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{{anchor | Geographical spread }} |
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The Rath are found mainly in [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]], [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]], [[Ganganagar District|Ganganagar]] and [[Jaisalmer]] districts. They are still essentially a community of pastoralists. Agriculture is the other main pursuit of this community. For six months of the year, from May to October, they cultivate their fields, and for the other six months, they herd their cattle. Their villages are found in the [[Thar Desert]] region, and most of their villages are without electricity.<ref name="popular"/> |
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==See also== |
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| ⚫ | Like other [[North India]] communities, they have a council of elders which settles intra-community disputes, and punishes the guilty. Each lineage has an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. This acts as an instrument of social control by punishing those who breach community norms such as marrying out of the community etc. The Rath are [[Sunni]] Muslims, but incorporate many folk beliefs.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} |
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* [[Cholistan]] |
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* [[Johiya]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rath (Tribe)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rath (Tribe)}} |
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[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]] |
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]] |
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[[Category:Saraiki tribes]] |
[[Category:Saraiki tribes]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:29, 4 October 2024
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (November 2011) |
| Regions with significant populations | |
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| Languages | |
| (Rajasthani) | |
| Religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
The Rath (Rajasthani: रथ (Devanagari) رتھ (Perso-Arabic), are a community, found in the state of Rajasthan in India. They also settled in Punjab and Sindh provinces Pakistan. There is another clan similar to it known as Rathi.[1]
Background
[edit]History
[edit]Historically, the Rath were a community of pastoral nomads, breeding mainly cows and sheep, as well as cultivating dry crops, and migrating three to nine months of the year. Till about the 1950s, no recognized rights to the land existed. This was in marked contrast to the related Pachhada community, who were found in Hissar and Mahendargarh districts of Haryana, who was forced to settle down by the British authorities in the late 19th century. With the construction of the Indira Gandhi Canal, land was divided up, and a large number granted to settlers. This led to a drastic reduction in the grazing area, and process that has led to the abandoning of the nomadic lifestyle. The community are now only partially nomadic, with some members taking the cattle and sheep to their grazing areas, while the majority remaining in the village.[2]
Culture
[edit]Like other North India communities, they have a council of elders which settles intra-community disputes, and punishes the guilty. Each lineage has an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. This acts as an instrument of social control by punishing those who breach community norms such as marrying out of the community etc. The Rath are Sunni Muslims, but incorporate many folk beliefs.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ Pati, Sushmita (2017). "Accumulation by Possession: The Social Processes of Rent Seeking in Urban Delhi". In Mitra, Iman Kumar; Samaddar, Ranabir; Sen, Samita (eds.). Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism. Springer. p. 95. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1037-8. ISBN 978-9811010378. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Resisting Change? Adaptations by Traditional Pastoralists to the Rajasthan Canal Project by Saurabh Sinha International Institute for Environment and Development, Dryland Development Project page 21