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→‎January: Ledingham - belongs in UK sub-section
 
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{{C19 year in topic}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1900}}
{{Year article header|1900}}
As of [[March 1]] ([[Old Style|O.S.]] [[February 17]]), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until [[February 28]] ([[Old Style|O.S.]] [[February 15]]), 2100. The year 1900 also marked [[Rat (Zodiac)|the Year of the Rat]] on the Chinese calendar.
As of [[March 1]] ([[Old Style|O.S.]] [[February 17]]), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not (which will not occur again until 2100), the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until [[February 28]] ([[Old Style|O.S.]] [[February 15]]), 2100. The year 1900 also marked [[Rat (Zodiac)|the Year of the Rat]] on the Chinese calendar.
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=== January ===
=== January ===
{{Main|January 1900}}
{{Main|January 1900}}
⚫
[[File:BoxerSoldiers.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Boxer soldiers]]
* [[January 2]] – [[U.S. Secretary of State]] [[John Hay]] announces the [[Open Door Policy]], to promote American trade with China.
* [[January 5]] – [[Henry Augustus Rowland|Henry A. Rowland]] of [[Johns Hopkins University]] announces a theory about the cause of the [[Earth's magnetism]].
* [[January 2]] – [[U.S. Secretary of State]] [[John Hay]] announces the [[Open Door Policy]] to promote American trade with [[China]].
* [[January 5]] – [[Henry Augustus Rowland|Henry A. Rowland]] of [[Johns Hopkins University]] announces a theory about the cause of the [[Earth's magnetism]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Magnetism of the Earth|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 6, 1900|page=1}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Boer]]s attempt to end the [[Siege of Ladysmith]], which leads to the [[Battle of Platrand]].
* [[January 6]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Boer]]s attempt to end the [[Siege of Ladysmith]], which leads to the [[Battle of Platrand]].
⚫
* [[January 9]]
** Italian club [[SS Lazio]] founded in Rome.
** The first through passenger train goes from [[Cairo]] to [[Khartoum]].
* [[January 14]]
* [[January 14]]
** [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s opera ''[[Tosca]]'' premieres in Rome, Italy.
** [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s opera ''[[Tosca]]'' premieres in Rome, Italy.
** The [[U.S. Senate]] accepts the British-[[German Empire|German]] Treaty of [[1899]], in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the [[American Samoa]] portion of the [[Samoan Islands]].
** The [[U.S. Senate]] accepts the British-[[German Empire|German]] Treaty of [[1899]], in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the [[American Samoa]] portion of the [[Samoan Islands]].
[[File:Boers at Spion Kop, 1900 - Project Gutenberg eText 16462.jpg|thumb|[[Second Boer War]]: Boers at [[Battle of Spion Kop|Spion Kop]], 1900]]
[[File:Boers at Spion Kop, 1900 - Project Gutenberg eText 16462.jpg|thumb|[[Second Boer War]]: Boers at [[Battle of Spion Kop|Spion Kop]]]]
* [[January 24]] – [[Second Boer War]] – [[Battle of Spion Kop]]: Boer troops defeat the [[British Army]].
* [[January 24]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Spion Kop]] – Boer troops defeat the [[British Army]].
⚫
* [[January 27]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Foreign diplomats in [[Peking]], [[Qing dynasty]] China, demand that the Boxer rebels (who oppose foreign interests in the country) be disciplined.
⚫
[[File:BoxerSoldiers.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Boxer Soldiers]]
⚫
* [[January 27]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Foreign diplomats in [[Peking]], [[Qing Dynasty]] China, demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
* [[January 31]] – Datu Muhammad Salleh, leader of the [[Mat Salleh Rebellion]] in [[North Borneo]], is shot dead in [[Tambunan]].
* [[January 31]] – Datu Muhammad Salleh, leader of the [[Mat Salleh Rebellion]] in [[North Borneo]], is shot dead in [[Tambunan]].


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* [[February 14]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Paardeberg]] – 20,000 British troops invade the [[Orange Free State]].
* [[February 14]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Paardeberg]] – 20,000 British troops invade the [[Orange Free State]].
* [[February 15]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Siege of Kimberley]] is lifted.
* [[February 15]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Siege of Kimberley]] is lifted.
* [[February 16]] &ndash; The [[Southern Cross expedition]] led by [[Carsten Borchgrevink]] achieved a new [[Farthest South]] of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the [[Ross Ice Shelf|Great Ice Barrier]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Hugh Robert Mill|last=Mill|first= Hugh Robert|title= The Siege of the South Pole|publisher=[[Alston Rivers]]|location= London|year= 1905 |pages=402}}</ref>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; The [[Southern Cross expedition]] led by [[Carsten Borchgrevink]] achieves a new [[Farthest South]] of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the [[Ross Ice Shelf|Great Ice Barrier]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Hugh Robert Mill|last=Mill|first= Hugh Robert|title= The Siege of the South Pole|publisher=[[Alston Rivers]]|location= London|year= 1905 |pages=402}}</ref>
* [[February 17]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Paardeberg]] – British troops defeat the Boers.
* [[February 17]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Paardeberg]] – British troops defeat the Boers.
* [[February 27]]
* [[February 27]]
** The [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] is officially established, at a meeting in the [[Congregational Memorial Hall]] in [[London]], and [[Ramsay MacDonald]] is appointed as its first secretary.
** The [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] is officially established, at a meeting in the [[Congregational Memorial Hall]] in [[London]], and [[Ramsay MacDonald]] is appointed as its first secretary.
** [[Second Boer War]]: British military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General [[Piet Cronjé]].
** [[Second Boer War]]: British military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General [[Piet Cronjé]].
** [[FC Bayern München|FC Bayern]], Germany's most successful [[association football|football]] club, is founded in [[Munich]].
** [[FC Bayern Munich|FC Bayern]], Germany's most successful [[association football|football]] club, is founded in [[Munich]].


=== March ===
=== March ===
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* [[March 6]] – A [[coal mine]] explosion in [[West Virginia]], United States, kills 50 miners.
* [[March 6]] – A [[coal mine]] explosion in [[West Virginia]], United States, kills 50 miners.
* [[March 14]]
* [[March 14]]
**Botanist [[Hugo de Vries]] rediscovers [[Mendelian inheritance|Mendel's Laws of Heredity]].
**Botanist [[Hugo de Vries]] rediscovers [[Mendelian inheritance|Mendel's laws of heredity]].
**The [[Gold Standard Act]] is ratified, placing the [[United States currency]] on the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legisworks.org/sal/31/stats/STATUTE-31-Pg45a.pdf|title=Session 1 of the fifty-sixth United States Congress, chapters 39 and 41|website=legisworks.org|access-date=December 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707081049/http://legisworks.org/sal/31/stats/STATUTE-31-Pg45a.pdf|archive-date=July 7, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**The [[Gold Standard Act]] is ratified, placing the [[United States currency]] on the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legisworks.org/sal/31/stats/STATUTE-31-Pg45a.pdf|title=Session 1 of the fifty-sixth United States Congress, chapters 39 and 41|website=legisworks.org|access-date=December 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707081049/http://legisworks.org/sal/31/stats/STATUTE-31-Pg45a.pdf|archive-date=July 7, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] – British archaeologist Sir [[Arthur Evans]] purchases the land on [[Crete]] on which the ruins of the Palace of [[Knossos]] stand. He begins to unearth some of the palace three days later.
* [[March 16]] – British archaeologist Sir [[Arthur Evans]] purchases the land on [[Crete]] on which the ruins of the Palace of [[Knossos]] stand. He begins to unearth some of the palace three days later.
* [[March 18]] – [[AFC Ajax]], a successful football club in Netherlands, is founded in [[Amsterdam]].<ref>''Facts About Association Football - History Timeline'' {{ISBN|1-471-61231-7}} p. 13</ref>
* [[March 23]] – [[Karl Landsteiner]] first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of [[blood type]], which will universally be referred to as the [[ABO blood group system]]<ref>Landsteiner, Karl (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe"]. Zbl f. Bakt. 27:357-362 (issue of March 23, 1900)</ref> and for which he will be awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1930.
* [[March 23]] – [[Karl Landsteiner]] first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of [[blood type]], which will universally be referred to as the [[ABO blood group system]]<ref>Landsteiner, Karl (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe"]. Zbl f. Bakt. 27:357-362 (issue of March 23, 1900)</ref> and for which he will be awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1930.
* [[March 27]] – The arrival of a [[Russian Empire|Russia]]n naval fleet in [[Korean Empire|Korea]] causes concern to the [[Imperial Japan]]ese government.
* [[March 27]] – The arrival of a [[Russian Empire|Russia]]n naval fleet in [[Korean Empire|Korea]] causes concern to the [[Imperial Japan]]ese government.
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{{Main|April 1900}}
{{Main|April 1900}}
[[Image:Vue panoramique de l'exposition universelle de 1900.jpg|thumb|right|115px|Exposition Universelle view in Paris]]
[[Image:Vue panoramique de l'exposition universelle de 1900.jpg|thumb|right|115px|Exposition Universelle view in Paris]]
* [[April 4]] – [[Queen Victoria]] arrives in [[Dublin]] on a rare visit.
* [[April 4]] – [[Queen Victoria]] arrives in [[Dublin]] on a rare visit to Ireland.
* [[April 14]] – The [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]], a world's fair, opens in Paris.
* [[April 14]] – The [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]], a world's fair, opens in Paris.
* [[April 22]] – [[Battle of Kousséri]]: French forces secure their domination of [[Chad]]. Warlord [[Rabih az-Zubayr]] is defeated and killed.
* [[April 22]] – [[Battle of Kousséri]]: French forces secure their domination of [[Chad]]. Warlord [[Rabih az-Zubayr]] is defeated and killed.
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* [[May 17]]
* [[May 17]]
** [[Second Boer War]]: The British Army relieves the [[Siege of Mafeking]].
** [[Second Boer War]]: The British Army relieves the [[Siege of Mafeking]].
** [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Boxers destroy three villages near Peking, and kill 60 Chinese Christians.
** [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians.
** [[L. Frank Baum]]'s ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'' is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's [[List of Oz books|Oz books]], chronicling the fictional [[Land of Oz]] for children.
** [[L. Frank Baum]]'s ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'' is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's [[List of Oz books|Oz books]], chronicling the fictional [[Land of Oz]] for children.
* [[May 18]] – The United Kingdom proclaims a [[protectorate]] over [[Tonga]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Minnerop |first1=Petra |last2=Wolfrum |first2=Rüdiger |last3=Lachenmann |first3=Frauke |title=International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-883509-7 |page=784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiKQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA784 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] – The United Kingdom proclaims a [[protectorate]] over [[Tonga]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Minnerop |first1=Petra |last2=Wolfrum |first2=Rüdiger |last3=Lachenmann |first3=Frauke |title=International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-883509-7 |page=784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiKQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA784 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] – [[Russian Empire|Russia]] invades [[Manchuria]].
* [[May 21]] – [[Russian Empire|Russia]] invades [[Manchuria]].
* [[May 24]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The British annex the [[Orange Free State]], as the [[Orange River Colony]].
* [[May 24]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The British annex the [[Orange Free State]], as the [[Orange River Colony]].
* [[May 28]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: The Boxers attack Belgians, in the Fengtai railway station.
* [[May 28]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Boxers attack Belgians in the Fengtai railway station.
* [[May 29]] – [[N'Djamena]], the capital city of [[French Chad|Chad]], is founded as ''Fort-Lamy'', by French commander [[Émile Gentil]].
* [[May 29]] – [[N'Djamena]], the capital city of [[French Chad|Chad]], is founded as ''Fort-Lamy'', by French commander [[Émile Gentil]].
* [[May 31]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they join with Japanese forces.
* [[May 31]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they eventually end up uniting with Japanese forces.


=== June ===
=== June ===
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* [[June 1]] – American [[Temperance movement|temperance]] agitator [[Carrie Nation]] begins her crusade to demolish saloons.
* [[June 1]] – American [[Temperance movement|temperance]] agitator [[Carrie Nation]] begins her crusade to demolish saloons.
* [[June 5]] – [[Second Boer War]]: British soldiers take [[Pretoria]].
* [[June 5]] – [[Second Boer War]]: British soldiers take [[Pretoria]].
* [[June 11]] – [[1899–1900 peasant unrest in Bulgaria]] begins to diminish.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hristov|first=Hristo|year=1962|title=Селските вълнения и бунтове 1899–1900|trans-title=Peasant Disturbances and Rebellions 1899–1900|url=https://chitanka.info/text/29695-selskite-vylnenija-i-buntove-1899-1900.epub|format=epub|language=bg|publisher=Izdatelstvo na Natsionalnia Savet na Otechestvenia Front|via=chitanka.info}}</ref>
* [[June 14]] – The [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] approves the second of the [[German Naval Laws]] allowing expansion of the [[Imperial German Navy]].
* [[June 14]] – The [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] approves the second of the [[German Naval Laws]] allowing expansion of the [[Imperial German Navy]].
* [[June 17]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]] – [[Battle of Dagu Forts (1900)|Battle of Dagu Forts]]: Naval forces of the [[Eight-Nation Alliance]] capture the [[Taku Forts]], on the [[Hai River]] estuary in China.
* [[June 17]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: [[Battle of Dagu Forts (1900)|Battle of Dagu Forts]] – Naval forces of the [[Eight-Nation Alliance]] capture the [[Taku Forts]], on the [[Hai River]] estuary in China.
* [[June 20]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near [[Peking]], and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
* [[June 20]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near [[Peking]], and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
* [[June 25]] – The [[Taoism|Taoist]] monk [[Wang Yuanlu]] discovers the [[Dunhuang manuscripts]], a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the [[Mogao Caves]] of [[Dunhuang]], China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.
* [[June 25]] – [[Taoism|Taoist]] monk [[Wang Yuanlu]] discovers the [[Dunhuang manuscripts]], a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the [[Mogao Caves]] of [[Dunhuang]], China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.
* [[June 30]] – [[1900 Hoboken Docks fire|Hoboken Docks fire]]: A wharf fire at the docks in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], owned by the [[North German Lloyd]] Steamship line, spreads to German [[passenger ship]]s ''{{SS|Saale||2}}, {{SS|Main|1900|2}},'' and ''{{SS|Bremen|1896|2}}.'' The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.
* [[June 30]] – [[1900 Hoboken Docks fire|Hoboken Docks fire]]: A wharf fire at the docks in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], owned by the [[North German Lloyd]] Steamship line, spreads to German [[passenger ship]]s {{SS|Saale||2}}, {{SS|Main|1900|2}} and {{SS|Bremen|1896|2}}. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.


=== July ===
=== July ===
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[[File:First Zeppelin ascent.jpg|thumbnail|[[July 2]]: First successful rigid airship flight by [[Zeppelin LZ 1|Zeppelin ''LZ 1'']]]]
[[File:First Zeppelin ascent.jpg|thumbnail|[[July 2]]: First successful rigid airship flight by [[Zeppelin LZ 1|Zeppelin ''LZ 1'']]]]
[[File:Map of Australia.png|thumb|150px|[[July 9]]: [[Federation of Australia]] enacted.]]
[[File:Map of Australia.png|thumb|150px|[[July 9]]: [[Federation of Australia]] enacted.]]
* [[July 1]] – [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] makes a [[morganatic marriage]] with [[Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg]].
* [[July 2]] – The first [[zeppelin]] [[airship]] flight, by [[Ferdinand Zeppelin]]'s [[Zeppelin LZ 1|Zeppelin ''LZ 1'']] is carried out over [[Lake Constance]], near [[Friedrichshafen]], [[German Empire|Germany]].
* [[July 2]] – The first [[zeppelin]] [[airship]] flight, by [[Ferdinand Zeppelin]]'s [[Zeppelin LZ 1|Zeppelin ''LZ 1'']] is carried out over [[Lake Constance]], near [[Friedrichshafen]], [[German Empire|Germany]].
* [[July 12]] – The new [[German Empire|German]] [[cruise liner]], the [[SS Deutschland (1900)|SS ''Deutschland'']], breaks the record for the [[Blue Riband]] for the first time with an average speed of {{convert|22.4|kn|km/h}}.
* [[July 12]] – The new [[German Empire|German]] [[cruise liner]] [[SS Deutschland (1900)|SS ''Deutschland'']] breaks the record for the [[Blue Riband]] for the first time with an average speed of {{convert|22.4|kn|km/h}}.
* [[July 23]]–[[July 25|25]] – The [[First Pan-African Conference]] is held in London.
* [[July 23]]–[[July 25|25]] – The [[First Pan-African Conference]] is held in London.
* [[July 29]] – King [[Umberto I of Italy]] is assassinated by [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]]-born anarchist [[Gaetano Bresci]] in [[Monza]].
* [[July 29]] – King [[Umberto I of Italy]] is assassinated by [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]]-born anarchist [[Gaetano Bresci]] in [[Monza]].
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* [[August]] – The first ''[[Michelin Guide]]'' is published in France.<ref>"What's Observed in a Rating? Rankings as Orientation in the Face of Uncertainty", by Elena Esposito and David Stark, in ''The Performance Complex: Competition and Competitions in Social Life'', ed. by David Stark (Oxford University Press, 2020) p.124</ref><ref>[https://www.onthisday.com/date/1900/august/1 "On this Day: Historic Publication"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821091618/https://www.onthisday.com/date/1900/august/1 |date=August 21, 2020 }}, OnThisDay.com</ref>
* [[August]] – The first ''[[Michelin Guide]]'' is published in France.<ref>"What's Observed in a Rating? Rankings as Orientation in the Face of Uncertainty", by Elena Esposito and David Stark, in ''The Performance Complex: Competition and Competitions in Social Life'', ed. by David Stark (Oxford University Press, 2020) p.124</ref><ref>[https://www.onthisday.com/date/1900/august/1 "On this Day: Historic Publication"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821091618/https://www.onthisday.com/date/1900/august/1 |date=August 21, 2020 }}, OnThisDay.com</ref>
* [[August 14]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades [[Peking]] and frees the European hostages.
* [[August 14]] – [[Boxer Rebellion]]: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades [[Peking]] and frees the European hostages.
* [[August 27]] – The [[1900 Galveston Hurricane]] forms, going on to kill 8,000 people, the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history, and dissipates on September 15.


=== September ===
=== September ===
{{Main|September 1900}}
{{Main|September 1900}}
* [[September 8]] – The [[1900 Galveston hurricane]] kills about 6,000–12,000 people.
* [[September 8]] – The [[1900 Galveston hurricane]] makes landfall this evening; it will kill around 8,000 people, the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history.
* [[September 12]] – Admiral [[Fredrik von Otter]] becomes [[Prime Minister of Sweden]].
* [[September 12]] – Admiral [[Fredrik von Otter]] becomes [[Prime Minister of Sweden]].
* [[September 13]] – [[Philippine–American War]] – [[Battle of Pulang Lupa]]: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a detachment of American soldiers.
* [[September 13]] – [[Philippine–American War]]: [[Battle of Pulang Lupa]] – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a detachment of American soldiers.
* [[September 17]] – Philippine–American War – [[Battle of Mabitac]]: Filipinos under [[Juan Cailles]] defeat the Americans, under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham.
* [[September 17]] – Philippine–American War: [[Battle of Mabitac]] – Filipinos under [[Juan Cailles]] defeat the Americans, under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham.


=== October ===
=== October ===
{{Main|October 1900}}
{{Main|October 1900}}
* [[October 9]] – The [[Cook Islands]] become a territory of the United Kingdom.
* [[October 9]] – The [[Cook Islands]] become a territory of the United Kingdom.
* [[October 19]] – [[Max Planck]] discovers the law of [[black-body radiation]] (Planck's law), by introducing the notion of [[light quanta]], leading in [[1905]] to [[Albert Einstein]]'s explanation of the [[photoelectric effect]] and beginning the [[Bohr–Einstein debates|Quantum Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gamow|first1=Max|title=Thirty Years that Shook Physics|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=978-0486248950|date=July 1985}}</ref>
* [[October 19]] – [[Max Planck]] first states [[Planck's law]] of [[black-body radiation]] to a meeting of the [[German Physical Society]] in Berlin, marking the birth of modern [[quantum mechanics]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=Max|title=Thirty Years that Shook Physics|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=978-0486248950|year=1985}}</ref> He restates it on December 14.
* [[October 25]] – The United Kingdom annexes the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]].
* [[October 25]] – The United Kingdom annexes the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]].


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=== December ===
=== December ===
{{Main|December 1900}}
{{Main|December 1900}}
* [[December 14]] – [[Max Planck]] announces his discovery of the law of [[black body]] emission, marking the birth of [[quantum physics]].
* [[December 19]] – [[Hopetoun Blunder]]: The first [[Governor-General of Australia]] John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government, and is forced to resign.
* [[December 19]] – [[Hopetoun Blunder]]: The first [[Governor-General of Australia]] John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government, and is forced to resign.
* [[December 27]] – British human rights activist [[Emily Hobhouse]] arrives in Cape Town, South Africa.
* [[December 27]] – British human rights activist [[Emily Hobhouse]] arrives in Cape Town, South Africa.
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* Australasian prospector [[Albert Fuller Ellis]] identifies [[phosphate]] deposits on the [[Pacific Islands]] of [[Nauru]] and [[Banaba Island]] (Ocean Island).
* Australasian prospector [[Albert Fuller Ellis]] identifies [[phosphate]] deposits on the [[Pacific Islands]] of [[Nauru]] and [[Banaba Island]] (Ocean Island).
* In [[New Haven, Connecticut]], U.S., Louis Lassen of [[Louis' Lunch]] makes the first modern-day [[hamburger]] sandwich.
* In [[New Haven, Connecticut]], U.S., Louis Lassen of [[Louis' Lunch]] makes the first modern-day [[hamburger]] sandwich.
* Four out of every 1,000 residents of [[British India]] die of [[cholera]] each year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Arnold|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzaWUtZwAXIC&pg=PP1 |title=Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India|date=1993-08-12|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08295-3|language=en}}</ref>
* 1 out of every 100 residents of [[British India]] die of [[cholera]] each year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Arnold|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzaWUtZwAXIC&pg=PP1 |title=Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India|date=1993-08-12|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08295-3|language=en}}</ref>


== Births ==
== Births ==
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[[File:Hyman Rickover 1955.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hyman G. Rickover]]]]
[[File:Hyman Rickover 1955.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hyman G. Rickover]]]]
* [[January 1]]
* [[January 1]]
⚫
** [[Xavier Cugat]], Spanish-born Cuban bandleader (d. [[1990]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Roberts | first = John | title = The Latin tinge : the impact of Latin American music on the United States | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780195121018 | page=59}}</ref>
** [[Mieczysław Batsch]], Polish footballer (d. [[1977]])
** [[Paola Borboni]], Italian film actress (d. [[1995]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/paola-borboni_(Enciclopedia-del-Cinema)/|title=BORBONI, Paola in "Enciclopedia del Cinema"|website=treccani.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018191440/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/paola-borboni_(Enciclopedia-del-Cinema)/|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Chiune Sugihara]], Japanese diplomat and humanitarian (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|title=Sempo "Chiune" Sugihara, Japanese Savior|work=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en-US|archive-date=April 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421045129/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
* [[January 2]] – [[William Haines]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
⚫
** [[Xavier Cugat]], Cuban bandleader (d. [[1990]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Roberts | first = John | title = The Latin tinge : the impact of Latin American music on the United States | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780195121018 | page=59}}</ref>
** [[Hub van Doorne]], Dutch businessman (d. [[1979]])
** [[Chiune Sugihara]], Japanese diplomat, saved Jewish WWII refugees (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|title=Sempo "Chiune" Sugihara, Japanese Savior|work=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en-US|archive-date=April 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421045129/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[January 2]]
⚫
** [[William Haines]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
** [[Mansaku Itami]], Japanese film director ([[tuberculosis]]) (d. [[1946]])
** [[Józef Klotz]], Polish footballer (d. [[1941]])
** [[Una Ledingham]], British physician, known for research on [[Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy|diabetes in pregnancy]] (d. [[1965]])<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science : pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|author=Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey|author2=Harvey, Joy Dorothy|author-link=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|author-link2=Joy Harvey|isbn=978-0415920407|volume=2|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/763 763]|oclc=40776839|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/763}}</ref>
* [[January 3]]
* [[January 3]]
**[[Maurice Jaubert]], French composer and soldier (d. [[1940]])
**[[Maurice Jaubert]], French composer and soldier (d. [[1940]])
Line 164: Line 153:
* [[January 8]]
* [[January 8]]
** [[Dorothy Adams]], American character actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Citation|title=Dorothy Adams : Classic Movie Hub (CMH)|url=http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=September 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917150900/http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Dorothy Adams]], American character actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Citation|title=Dorothy Adams : Classic Movie Hub (CMH)|url=http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=September 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917150900/http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Solon Earl Low]], Canadian [[Social Credit Party of Canada|social credit]] politician (d. [[1962]])
** [[François de Menthon]], French politician, professor of law (d. [[1984]])
** [[François de Menthon]], French politician, professor of law (d. [[1984]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Richard Halliburton]], American adventurer and writer (d. [[1939]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Jean Gehret]], Swiss actor and director (d. [[1956]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Jean Gehret]], Swedish actor and director (d. [[1956]])
* [[January 11]] – [[Lloyd French]], American film director (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 11]] – [[Lloyd French]], American film director (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 13]] – [[Shimizugawa Motokichi]], Japanese sumo wrestler (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 13]] – [[Shimizugawa Motokichi]], Japanese sumo wrestler (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 16]]
* [[January 16]]
** [[Kiku Amino]], Japanese author, translator (d. [[1978]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Japanese women novelists in the 20th century : 104 biographies, 1900-1993|last=Shibata.|first=Schierbeck, Sachiko|date=1994|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|others=Edelstein, Marlene R.|isbn=9788772892689|location=[Copenhagen]|pages=73–76|oclc=32348453}}</ref>
** [[Kiku Amino]], Japanese author, translator (d. [[1978]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Japanese women novelists in the 20th century : 104 biographies, 1900-1993|author=Schierbeck, Sachiko|date=1994|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=9788772892689|location=Copenhagen|pages=73–76|oclc=32348453}}</ref>
** [[Edith Frank]], German-Dutch mother of [[Anne Frank]] (d. [[1945]])<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706062831/http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-07-06|title=Edith Frank|date=2010-07-06|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref>
** [[Edith Frank]], German-Dutch mother of [[Anne Frank]] (d. [[1945]])<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706062831/http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-07-06|title=Edith Frank|date=2010-07-06|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] – [[Wan Laiming]], Chinese animator (d. [[1997]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Wan Laiming]], Chinese animator (d. [[1997]])
Line 204: Line 193:
** [[Roger J. Traynor]], American judge (d. [[1983]])
** [[Roger J. Traynor]], American judge (d. [[1983]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Barbara von Annenkoff]], Russian-born German film and stage actress (d. [[1979]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Barbara von Annenkoff]], Russian-born German film and stage actress (d. [[1979]])
⚫
* [[February 21]] – [[Jeanne Aubert]], French singer and actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|title=Biographie de Jeanne Aubert (1900-1988)|website=histoire-vesinet.org|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061414/http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 21]]
** [[Józef Adamek]], Polish footballer (d. [[1974]])
⚫
** [[Jeanne Aubert]], French singer and actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|title=Biographie de Jeanne Aubert (1900-1988)|website=histoire-vesinet.org|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061414/http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 22]] – [[Luis Buñuel]], Spanish film director (d. [[1983]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Luis Buñuel]], Spanish film director (d. [[1983]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Irmgard Bartenieff]], German-American dancer, physical therapist and leading pioneer of [[dance therapy]] (d. [[1981]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Irmgard Bartenieff]], German-American dancer, physical therapist and leading pioneer of [[dance therapy]] (d. [[1981]])
Line 221: Line 208:
[[File:Sir John McEwen.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John McEwen|Sir John McEwen]]]]
[[File:Sir John McEwen.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John McEwen|Sir John McEwen]]]]
[[File:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]]]]
[[File:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]]]]
⚫
* [[March 2]] – [[Kurt Weill]], German-American composer (d. [[1950]])
* [[March 3]]
* [[March 3]]
**[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], veteran Indian Independence activist (d. [[1966]])<ref name="Mpositive">{{cite web|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|website=mpositive.in|date=August 30, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2022|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123142325/https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], veteran Indian Independence activist (d. [[1966]])<ref name="Mpositive">{{cite web|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|website=mpositive.in|date=August 30, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2022|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123142325/https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Edna Best]], British stage and film actress, appeared on early television in 1938 (d. [[1974]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|title=Edna Best - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times|website=projects.latimes.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063243/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Edna Best]], British stage and film actress, appeared on early television in 1938 (d. [[1974]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|title=Edna Best - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times|website=projects.latimes.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063243/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Ruby Dandridge]], African-American film, radio actress (d. [[1987]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Herbert Biberman]], American screenwriter, film director (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Herbert Biberman]], American screenwriter, film director (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 5]]
* [[March 5]]
Line 232: Line 217:
* [[March 7]]
* [[March 7]]
** [[Lorimer Dods]], Australian medical pioneer (d. [[1981]])
** [[Lorimer Dods]], Australian medical pioneer (d. [[1981]])
** [[Leslie Hutchinson]], Grenada-born cabaret singer (d. [[1969]])
** [[Fritz London]], German-Jewish physicist (d. [[1954]])
** [[Fritz London]], German-Jewish physicist (d. [[1954]])
** [[Carel Willink]], Dutch painter (d. [[1983]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Howard Aiken]], American computing pioneer (d. [[1973]])
* [[March 8]]
** [[Howard Aiken]], American computing pioneer (d. [[1973]])
** [[Henry Abel Smith]], 17th Governor of Queensland (d. [[1993]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta]], Italian prince (d. [[1948]])
* [[March 10]] – [[Violet Brown]], Jamaican supercentenarian, oldest Jamaican ever (d. [[2017]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grg.org/SC/WorldSCRankingsList.html|title=GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List|website=grg.org|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225015128/http://www.grg.org/SC/WorldSCRankingsList.html%20|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 10]] – [[Violet Brown]], Jamaican supercentenarian, oldest Jamaican ever (d. [[2017]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grg.org/SC/WorldSCRankingsList.html|title=GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List|website=grg.org|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225015128/http://www.grg.org/SC/WorldSCRankingsList.html%20|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 11]]
* [[March 11]]
Line 244: Line 224:
** [[Alfredo Dinale]], Italian Olympic cyclist (d. [[1976]])
** [[Alfredo Dinale]], Italian Olympic cyclist (d. [[1976]])
* [[March 12]]
* [[March 12]]
** [[Rinus van den Berge]], Dutch athlete (d. [[1972]])
** [[Sylvi Kekkonen]], Finnish writer and wife of President of Finland [[Urho Kekkonen]] (d. 1974)<ref name="kb">{{cite web |title=Kekkonen, Sylvi (1900-1974) |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/8089 |website=Kansallisbiografia.fi |publisher=National Biography of Finland |access-date=1 August 2021 |language=fi |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801134406/https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/8089 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Sylvi Kekkonen]], Finnish writer and wife of President of Finland [[Urho Kekkonen]] (d. 1974)<ref name="kb">{{cite web |title=Kekkonen, Sylvi (1900-1974) |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/8089 |website=Kansallisbiografia.fi |publisher=National Biography of Finland |access-date=1 August 2021 |language=fi |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801134406/https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/8089 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]], 19th [[President of Colombia]] (d. [[1975]])
** [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]], 19th [[President of Colombia]] (d. [[1975]])
Line 252: Line 231:
** [[Giorgos Seferis]], Greek poet, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (d. [[1971]])
** [[Giorgos Seferis]], Greek poet, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 16]] – [[Mencha Karnicheva]], Macedonian revolutionary, assassin (d. [[1964]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macedonia-science.org/page.php?51|title=MEHČA KAPHICHEBA -" WHY DID I KILL TODOR PANITSA?" MACEDONIA: HISTORY AND NEWS FROM MSI|date=2009-01-01|website=Macedonian Scientific Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101041043/http://www.macedonia-science.org/page.php?51|archive-date=January 1, 2009|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] – [[Mencha Karnicheva]], Macedonian revolutionary, assassin (d. [[1964]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macedonia-science.org/page.php?51|title=MEHČA KAPHICHEBA -" WHY DID I KILL TODOR PANITSA?" MACEDONIA: HISTORY AND NEWS FROM MSI|date=2009-01-01|website=Macedonian Scientific Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101041043/http://www.macedonia-science.org/page.php?51|archive-date=January 1, 2009|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
⚫
* [[March 17]] – [[Manuel Plaza]], Chilean athlete (d. [[1969]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Hanne Sobek]], German footballer (d. [[1989]])
* [[March 19]]
* [[March 19]]
** [[Carmen Carbonell]], Spanish stage, film actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/carmen_carbonell.html|title=Carmen Carbonell. Film, Theatre. Biography and works at Spain is culture.|website=spainisculture.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230039/http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/carmen_carbonell.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Carmen Carbonell]], Spanish stage, film actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/carmen_carbonell.html|title=Carmen Carbonell. Film, Theatre. Biography and works at Spain is culture.|website=spainisculture.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230039/http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/carmen_carbonell.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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** [[John McEwen|Sir John McEwen]], 18th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1980]])<ref>C.J. Lloyd, '[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619150150/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm |date=June 19, 2006 }}', [[Australian Dictionary of Biography]], Vol. 15, Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp 205–208</ref>
** [[John McEwen|Sir John McEwen]], 18th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1980]])<ref>C.J. Lloyd, '[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619150150/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm |date=June 19, 2006 }}', [[Australian Dictionary of Biography]], Vol. 15, Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp 205–208</ref>
** [[Oscar Elton Sette]], American fisheries scientist (d. [[1972]])
** [[Oscar Elton Sette]], American fisheries scientist (d. [[1972]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Santos Urdinarán]], Uruguayan footballer (d. [[1979]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] (d. [[1974]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] (d. [[1974]])


Line 279: Line 255:
** [[Spencer Tracy]], American actor (d. [[1967]])
** [[Spencer Tracy]], American actor (d. [[1967]])
* [[April 8]] – [[Marie Byles]], Australian solicitor (d. [[1979]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411235131/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-11|title=Biography - Marie Beuzeville Byles - Australian Dictionary of Biography|date=2015-04-11|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] – [[Marie Byles]], Australian solicitor (d. [[1979]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411235131/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-11|title=Biography - Marie Beuzeville Byles - Australian Dictionary of Biography|date=2015-04-11|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
* [[April 10]]
** [[Arnold Orville Beckman]], American chemist and investor (d. [[2004]])
** [[Jean Duvieusart]], Belgian politician (d. [[1977]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Sándor Márai]], Hungarian writer and journalist (d. [[1989]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Sándor Márai]], Hungarian writer and journalist (d. [[1989]])
* [[April 13]] – [[Sorcha Boru]], American potter, ceramic sculptor (d. [[2006]])
* [[April 14]] – [[Salvatore Baccaloni]], Italian operatic bass, buffo artist, and actor. (d. [[1969]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Polly Adler]], Russian-American author, madam (d. [[1962]])<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 |title=Notable American women : the modern period : a biographical dictionary |date=1980 |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674627338 |editor-last=Sicherman |editor-first=Barbara |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 7] |oclc=6487187 |editor-last2=Green |editor-first2=Carol Hurd}}</ref>
* [[April 16]] – [[Polly Adler]], Russian-American author, madam (d. [[1962]])<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 |title=Notable American women : the modern period : a biographical dictionary |date=1980 |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674627338 |editor-last=Sicherman |editor-first=Barbara |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 7] |oclc=6487187 |editor-last2=Green |editor-first2=Carol Hurd}}</ref>
* [[April 18]] – [[Bertha Isaacs]], Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. [[1997]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128230606/http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-28|title=Albertha Isaacs « Women Suffrage Bahamas|date=2012-11-28|access-date=2017-10-19}}</ref>
* [[April 18]] – [[Bertha Isaacs]], Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. [[1997]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128230606/http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-28|title=Albertha Isaacs « Women Suffrage Bahamas|date=2012-11-28|access-date=2017-10-19}}</ref>
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** [[Iracema de Alencar]], Brazilian film actress (d. [[1978]])
** [[Iracema de Alencar]], Brazilian film actress (d. [[1978]])
** [[Rhea Silberta]], Yiddish songwriter, singing teacher (d. [[1959]])
** [[Rhea Silberta]], Yiddish songwriter, singing teacher (d. [[1959]])
* [[April 20]] – [[Fred Raymond]], Austrian composer (d. [[1954]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Hans Fritzsche]], German Nazi official (d. [[1953]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Hans Fritzsche]], German Nazi official (d. [[1953]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Nellie Beer]], British politician, Lord Mayor of [[Manchester]] (1966–67) (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abitofhistory.net/html/rhw/b_body.htm|title=Women of History - B|website=abitofhistory.net|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141705/http://www.abitofhistory.net/html/rhw/b_body.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 22]] – [[Nellie Beer]], British politician, Lord Mayor of [[Manchester]] (1966–67) (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abitofhistory.net/html/rhw/b_body.htm|title=Women of History - B|website=abitofhistory.net|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141705/http://www.abitofhistory.net/html/rhw/b_body.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 24]] – [[Elizabeth Goudge]], English writer (d. [[1984]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msmc.edu/library/find_information/archives_and_special_collections/elizabeth_goudge_special_collection/biography_of_elizabeth_goudge|title=Biography of Elizabeth Goudge|website=msmc.edu|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111555/https://www.msmc.edu/library/find_information/archives_and_special_collections/elizabeth_goudge_special_collection/biography_of_elizabeth_goudge|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|title=ELIZABETH GOUDGE|date=1984-04-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130034152/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 24]] – [[Elizabeth Goudge]], English writer (d. [[1984]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msmc.edu/library/find_information/archives_and_special_collections/elizabeth_goudge_special_collection/biography_of_elizabeth_goudge|title=Biography of Elizabeth Goudge|website=msmc.edu|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111555/https://www.msmc.edu/library/find_information/archives_and_special_collections/elizabeth_goudge_special_collection/biography_of_elizabeth_goudge|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|title=ELIZABETH GOUDGE|date=1984-04-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130034152/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] – [[Wolfgang Pauli]], Austrian-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1958]])
* [[April 25]] – [[Wolfgang Pauli]], Austrian-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1958]])
⚫
* [[April 26]] – [[Eva Aschoff]], German bookbinder, calligrapher (d. [[1969]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.germandesigners.net/designers/eva_aschoff|title=German graphic designers during the Hitler period: Biographical and bibliographical references by Gerald Cinamon|website=germandesigners.net|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=August 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821093240/http://www.germandesigners.net/designers/eva_aschoff|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[April 26]]
** [[Roberto Arlt]], Argentine writer (d. [[1942]])
⚫
** [[Eva Aschoff]], German bookbinder, calligrapher (d. [[1969]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.germandesigners.net/designers/eva_aschoff|title=German graphic designers during the Hitler period: Biographical and bibliographical references by Gerald Cinamon|website=germandesigners.net|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=August 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821093240/http://www.germandesigners.net/designers/eva_aschoff|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Charles Francis Richter]], American geophysicist, inventor (d. [[1985]])
* [[April 27]] – [[August Koern]], Estonian statesman, diplomat (d. [[1989]])
* [[April 27]] – [[August Koern]], Estonian statesman, diplomat (d. [[1989]])
* [[April 28]]
* [[April 28]]
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=== May ===
=== May ===
[[File:Cai Chang.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Cai Chang]]]]
[[File:Cai Chang.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Cai Chang]]]]
⚫
[[File:Juan Arvizu.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Juan Arvizu]]]]
[[File:Lucile Godbold 1922.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lucile Godbold]]]]
[[File:Lucile Godbold 1922.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lucile Godbold]]]]
* [[May 1]] – [[Ignazio Silone]], Italian author (d. [[1978]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Ignazio Silone]], Italian author (d. [[1978]])
* [[May 2]] – [[A. W. Lawrence]], British leading authority on classical sculpture and architecture (d. [[1991]])
* [[May 2]] – [[A. W. Lawrence]], British leading authority on classical sculpture and architecture (d. [[1991]])
* [[May 5]]
* [[May 5]]
** [[Helen Redfield]], American geneticist (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science: pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|others=Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy|isbn=9780415920407|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/1082 1082]|oclc=40776839|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/1082}}</ref>
** [[Helen Redfield]], American geneticist (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science: pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century|date=2000|publisher=Routledge |editor1=Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey |editor2=Harvey, Joy Dorothy|isbn=9780415920407|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/1082 1082]|oclc=40776839|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil/page/1082}}</ref>
** [[Harold Tamblyn-Watts]], British cartoonist (d. [[1999]])
** [[Harold Tamblyn-Watts]], British cartoonist (d. [[1999]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Zheng Ji (biochemist)|Zheng Ji]], Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. [[2010]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Zheng Ji (biochemist)|Zheng Ji]], Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. [[2010]])
Line 323: Line 289:
* [[May 10]]
* [[May 10]]
** [[Beryl May Dent]], English mathematical physicist (d. [[1977]])<ref>{{Cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|year=2003|title=Beryl Dent at the University of Bristol Department of Physics|publisher=[[University of Bristol]] Physics Library|id=DM1961/2|type=Document|location=Bristol|language=en|url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961%2f2&pos=1|access-date=May 11, 2021|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020133627/https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961/2&pos=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Beryl May Dent]], English mathematical physicist (d. [[1977]])<ref>{{Cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|year=2003|title=Beryl Dent at the University of Bristol Department of Physics|publisher=[[University of Bristol]] Physics Library|id=DM1961/2|type=Document|location=Bristol|language=en|url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961%2f2&pos=1|access-date=May 11, 2021|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020133627/https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961/2&pos=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]], British-American astronomer, astrophysicist (d. [[1979]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00hock_878|url-access=limited|date=2007|publisher=Springer|others=Bracher, Katherine|isbn=9780387304007|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00hock_878/page/n907 876]|oclc=184930573}}</ref>
** [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]], British-American astronomer, astrophysicist (d. [[1979]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers |date=2007|publisher=Springer |editor1=Thomas Hockey |editor2=Virginia Trimble |editor3=Thomas R. Williams |editor4=Katherine Bracher |editor5=Richard A. Jarrell |editor6=Jordan D. Marché |editor7=JoAnn Palmeri |editor8=Daniel W. E. Green|isbn=9780387304007|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00hock_878/page/n907 876]|oclc=184930573}}</ref>
* [[May 11]] – [[Thomas H. Robbins Jr.]], American admiral (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 11]] – [[Thomas H. Robbins Jr.]], American admiral (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 12]] – [[Helene Weigel]], Austrian actress (d. [[1971]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weigel-helene|title=Helene Weigel {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|website=jwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=July 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717144028/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weigel-helene|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 12]] – [[Helene Weigel]], Austrian actress (d. [[1971]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weigel-helene|title=Helene Weigel {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|website=jwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=July 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717144028/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weigel-helene|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 13]] – [[Karl Wolff]], German SS functionary and war criminal (d. [[1984]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Karl Wolff]], German SS functionary and war criminal (d. [[1984]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Cai Chang]], Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. [[1990]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women social reformers|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp|url-access=limited|first=Helen|last=Rappaport|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1576075818|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp/page/n162 125]–126|oclc=52710512}}</ref>
* [[May 14]] – [[Cai Chang]], Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. [[1990]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women social reformers|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp|url-access=limited|first=Helen|last=Rappaport|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1576075818|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp/page/n162 125]–126|oclc=52710512}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] – [[Ida Rhodes]], American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Notable women in mathematics : a biographical dictionary|date=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press|others=Morrow, Charlene; Perl, Teri|isbn=9780313291319|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=36768082|url=https://archive.org/details/notablewomeninma00morr}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] – [[Ida Rhodes]], American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Notable women in mathematics : a biographical dictionary|date=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press |editor1=Morrow, Charlene |editor2=Perl, Teri|isbn=9780313291319|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=36768082|url=https://archive.org/details/notablewomeninma00morr}}</ref>
* [[May 22]]
** [[Juan Arvizu]], Mexican operatic tenor and bolero vocalist (d. 1985)
** [[Vina Bovy]], Belgian operatic soprano (d. [[1983]])
* [[May 23]] – [[Hans Frank]], German Nazi official (executed [[1946]])
* [[May 23]] – [[Hans Frank]], German Nazi official (executed [[1946]])
* [[May 24]] – Sonia Rosemary Keppel, British baroness, grandmother of [[Queen Camilla]] (d. [[1986]])Sonia Rosemary Keppel
* [[May 26]] – [[Karin Juel]], Swedish singer, actor and writer (d. [[1976]])
* [[May 26]] – [[Karin Juel]], Swedish singer, actor and writer (d. [[1976]])
* [[May 27]]
* [[May 27]]
** [[Lotte Toberentz]], German overseer of the Nazi [[Uckermark concentration camp]] (d. unknown)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=WO_311/510|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130313205941/http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=WO_311/510|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-03-13|title=WO 311/510 - Your Archives|website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref>
** [[Lotte Toberentz]], German overseer of the Nazi [[Uckermark concentration camp]] (d. unknown)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=WO_311/510|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130313205941/http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=WO_311/510|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-03-13|title=WO 311/510 - Your Archives|website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref>
** [[Uładzimir Žyłka]], Belarusian poet (d. [[1933]])
** [[Uładzimir Žyłka]], Belarusian poet (d. [[1933]])
** [[Ethel Lang (supercentenarian)|Ethel Lang]], British supercentenarian and the last person in the UK born during [[Queen Victoria]]'s reign (d. [[2015]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Tommy Ladnier]], American jazz trumpeter (d. [[1939]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Tommy Ladnier]], American jazz trumpeter (d. [[1939]])
* [[May 29]] – [[David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir]], British politician, lawyer and judge (d. [[1967]])
* [[May 29]] – [[David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir]], British politician, lawyer and judge (d. [[1967]])
Line 354: Line 317:
** [[Frederick Terman]], American electrical engineer, professor (d. [[1982]])
** [[Frederick Terman]], American electrical engineer, professor (d. [[1982]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Lena Baker]], African-American maid executed for capital murder, pardoned posthumously (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bishop.house.gov/media-center/congressional-record-statements/in-honor-of-lena-baker-posthumously|title=In Honor of Lena Baker (Posthumously)|date=2011-01-03|work=Congressman Sanford Bishop|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831234209/https://bishop.house.gov/media-center/congressional-record-statements/in-honor-of-lena-baker-posthumously|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[June 8]] – [[Lena Baker]], African-American maid executed for capital murder, pardoned posthumously (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bishop.house.gov/media-center/congressional-record-statements/in-honor-of-lena-baker-posthumously|title=In Honor of Lena Baker (Posthumously)|date=2011-01-03|work=Congressman Sanford Bishop|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831234209/https://bishop.house.gov/media-center/congressional-record-statements/in-honor-of-lena-baker-posthumously|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
* [[June 11]] – [[Leopoldo Marechal]], Argentine writer (d. [[1970]])
* [[June 11]]
** [[Leopoldo Marechal]], Argentine writer (d. [[1970]])
** [[Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás]], widow of [[Francisco Franco]] (d. [[1988]])
* [[June 14]]
* [[June 14]]
** [[Ruth Nanda Anshen]], American writer, editor and philosopher (d. [[2003]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/anshen-ruth-nanda|title=Ruth Nanda Anshen {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|website=jwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=July 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093346/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/anshen-ruth-nanda|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Ruth Nanda Anshen]], American writer, editor and philosopher (d. [[2003]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/anshen-ruth-nanda|title=Ruth Nanda Anshen {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|website=jwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=July 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093346/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/anshen-ruth-nanda|url-status=live}}</ref>
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** [[John Benham (athlete)|John Benham]], British long-distance runner (d. [[1990]])
** [[John Benham (athlete)|John Benham]], British long-distance runner (d. [[1990]])
** [[Jo Spier]], Dutch artist and illustrator (d. [[1978]])
** [[Jo Spier]], Dutch artist and illustrator (d. [[1978]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Dixie Brown]], St Lucian-born British boxer (d. [[1957]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]], French pilot, writer (d. [[1944]])
* [[June 30]] – [[Alf Ihlen]], Norwegian industrialist (d. [[2006]])


=== July ===
=== July ===
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** [[Robert Desnos]], French poet (d. [[1945]])
** [[Robert Desnos]], French poet (d. [[1945]])
** [[Nellie Mae Rowe]], African-American folk artist (d. [[1982]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|title=Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982)|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012231435/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Nellie Mae Rowe]], African-American folk artist (d. [[1982]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|title=Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982)|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012231435/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[July 5]] – [[Richard K. Webel]], American landscape architect (d. [[2000]])
* [[July 5]]
** [[Richard K. Webel]], American landscape architect (d. [[2000]])
** [[Reed Howes]], American model (d. [[1964]])
* [[July 6]]
* [[July 6]]
** [[Frederica Sagor Maas]], American playwright, essayist, and author (d. [[2012]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|title=Frederica Sagor Maas – Women Film Pioneers Project|website=wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221111335/https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Frederica Sagor Maas]], American playwright, essayist, and author (d. [[2012]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|title=Frederica Sagor Maas – Women Film Pioneers Project|website=wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221111335/https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Line 451: Line 407:
* [[August 9]] – [[Charles Farrell]], American actor (d. [[1990]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Charles Farrell]], American actor (d. [[1990]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Arthur Espie Porritt]], New Zealand politician, athlete (d. [[1994]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Arthur Espie Porritt]], New Zealand politician, athlete (d. [[1994]])
* [[August 11]]
* [[August 11]] – [[Alexander Mosolov]], Russian composer (d. [[1973]])
** [[Alexander Mosolov]], Russian composer (d. [[1973]])
** [[Charley Paddock]], American sprinter (d. 1943)
** [[Philip Phillips (archaeologist)|Philip Phillips]], American archaeologist (d. [[1994]])
* [[August 14]]
* [[August 14]]
** [[Margret Boveri]], German journalist, recipient of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (d. [[1975]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01dvizg_hCoC&q=margret+boveri+august+1900&pg=PA560|title=Exil im Nebelland: Elisabeth Castoniers Briefe an Mary Tucholsky : eine Chronik|last=Castonier|first=Elisabeth|date=2010|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783039100378|language=de}}</ref>
** [[Margret Boveri]], German journalist, recipient of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (d. [[1975]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01dvizg_hCoC&q=margret+boveri+august+1900&pg=PA560|title=Exil im Nebelland: Elisabeth Castoniers Briefe an Mary Tucholsky : eine Chronik|last=Castonier|first=Elisabeth|date=2010|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783039100378|language=de}}</ref>
Line 465: Line 418:
* [[August 18]]
* [[August 18]]
** [[Glenn Albert Black]], American archaeologist (d. [[1964]])
** [[Glenn Albert Black]], American archaeologist (d. [[1964]])
** [[Ruth Norman]], American religious leader (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=When prophecy never fails : myth and reality in a flying-saucer group|last=G.|first=Tumminia, Diana|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195176759|location=Oxford|pages=Appendix 1|oclc=56481658}}</ref>
** [[Ruth Norman]], American religious leader (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=When prophecy never fails : myth and reality in a flying-saucer group|last=Tumminia|first= Diana G.|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195176759|location=Oxford|pages=Appendix 1|oclc=56481658}}</ref>
* [[August 19]]
* [[August 19]]
** [[Colleen Moore]], American actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|title=Colleen Moore {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023013242/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Colleen Moore]], American actress (d. [[1988]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|title=Colleen Moore {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023013242/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|url-status=live}}</ref>
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* [[September 17]]
* [[September 17]]
** [[J. Willard Marriott]], American entrepreneur and founder of [[Marriott International]] (d. [[1985]])
** [[J. Willard Marriott]], American entrepreneur and founder of [[Marriott International]] (d. [[1985]])
** [[Lena Frances Edwards]], African-American physician, awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Black women in America : an historical encyclopedia|date=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press|others=Hine, Darlene Clark., Brown, Elsa Barkley., Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn.|isbn=978-0253327741|location=Bloomington|pages=387–388|oclc=28334683}}</ref>
** [[Lena Frances Edwards]], African-American physician, awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Black women in America : an historical encyclopedia|date=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press |editor1=Hine, Darlene Clark |editor2=Brown, Elsa Barkley |editor3=Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn |isbn=978-0253327741|location=Bloomington|pages=387–388|oclc=28334683}}</ref>
** [[Martha Ostenso]], Canadian screenwriter, novelist (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkh2vJ_9GpEC&q=ostenso|title=Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada|last=New|first=William H.|date=2002|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802007612|pages=854–855|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Martha Ostenso]], Canadian screenwriter, novelist (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkh2vJ_9GpEC&q=ostenso|title=Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada|editor-last=New|editor-first=William H.|date=2002|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802007612|pages=854–855|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Hedwig Ross]], New Zealand-born educator, political activist and founding member of the [[Communist Party of New Zealand]] (d. [[1971]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-hedwig-hettie-13176|chapter=Ross, Hedwig (Hettie) 1900–1971|last=Sullivan|first=Martin|date=2005|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=October 22, 2017|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|archive-date=December 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224052409/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-hedwig-hettie-13176|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Hedwig Ross]], New Zealand-born educator, political activist and founding member of the [[Communist Party of New Zealand]] (d. [[1971]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-hedwig-hettie-13176|chapter=Ross, Hedwig (Hettie) 1900–1971|last=Sullivan|first=Martin|date=2005|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=October 22, 2017|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|archive-date=December 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224052409/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-hedwig-hettie-13176|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 18]]
* [[September 18]]
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[[File:Princess Mother Srinagarindra.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Srinagarindra]]]]
[[File:Princess Mother Srinagarindra.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Srinagarindra]]]]
[[File:Douglas Jardine.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Douglas Jardine]]]]
[[File:Douglas Jardine.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Douglas Jardine]]]]
⚫
[[File:WajidBurki.png|thumb|100px|[[Wajid Ali Khan Burki]]]]
[[File:Ragnar Granit.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ragnar Granit]]]]
[[File:Ragnar Granit.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ragnar Granit]]]]
* [[October 1]] – [[Tom Goddard]], English cricketer (d. [[1966]])
* [[October 1]] – [[Tom Goddard]], English cricketer (d. [[1966]])
⚫
* [[October 2]]
* [[October 2]] – [[Olive Ann Alcorn]], American dancer, model, and silent film actress (d. [[1975]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.presspubs.com/st_croix/news/article_1b5bf6ca-dc9e-5f9f-816a-b115ad6cf4d0.html|title=Stillwater native Olive Ann Alcorn appeared with Chaplin, Lon Chaney in silent movies|work=Press Publications|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925124426/http://www.presspubs.com/st_croix/news/article_1b5bf6ca-dc9e-5f9f-816a-b115ad6cf4d0.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Olive Ann Alcorn]], American dancer, model, and silent film actress (d. [[1975]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.presspubs.com/st_croix/news/article_1b5bf6ca-dc9e-5f9f-816a-b115ad6cf4d0.html|title=Stillwater native Olive Ann Alcorn appeared with Chaplin, Lon Chaney in silent movies|work=Press Publications|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925124426/http://www.presspubs.com/st_croix/news/article_1b5bf6ca-dc9e-5f9f-816a-b115ad6cf4d0.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Rod Keller]], Canadian general (d. [[1954]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://generals.dk/general/Keller/Rodney_Frederick_Leopold/Canada.html|title=Keller, Rodney Frederick Leopold|website=generals.dk|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 5]]
* [[October 5]]
** [[Bing Xin]], Chinese author, poet, known for her contributions to children's literature (d. [[1999]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|title=Bingxin {{!}} Chinese author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330180156/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Bing Xin]], Chinese author, poet, known for her contributions to children's literature (d. [[1999]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|title=Bingxin {{!}} Chinese author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330180156/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|url-status=live}}</ref>
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* [[October 7]] – [[Heinrich Himmler]], German Nazi official, SS head (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 7]] – [[Heinrich Himmler]], German Nazi official, SS head (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 10]] – [[Helen Hayes]], American actress (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|title=Helen Hayes {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=September 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926082631/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] – [[Helen Hayes]], American actress (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|title=Helen Hayes {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=September 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926082631/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] - [[Boris Yefimov]], Soviet political cartoonist (d. [[2008]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Edward Ardizzone]], English painter, printmaker and author (d. [[1979]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Edward Ardizzone]], English painter, printmaker and author (d. [[1979]])
* [[October 17]] – [[Jean Arthur]], American actress (d. [[1991]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|title=Jean Arthur {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022200126/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] – [[Jean Arthur]], American actress (d. [[1991]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|title=Jean Arthur {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022200126/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|url-status=live}}</ref>
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** [[Andrée Boisson]], French Olympic fencer (d. [[1973]])
** [[Andrée Boisson]], French Olympic fencer (d. [[1973]])
** Princess Mother [[Srinagarindra]] of Thailand (d. [[1995]])
** Princess Mother [[Srinagarindra]] of Thailand (d. [[1995]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Douglas Jardine]], British cricketeer (d. [[1958]])
* [[October 25]] – [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist (d. [[1978]])
* [[October 26]]
* [[October 26]]
** [[Ibrahim Abboud]], 4th prime minister, 1st president of Sudan (d. [[1983]])
** [[Ibrahim Abboud]], 4th prime minister, 1st president of Sudan (d. [[1983]])
** [[Karin Boye]], Swedish poet, novelist, known for her dystopian sci-fi novel ''[[Kallocain]]'' (d. [[1941]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|title=Karin Boye {{!}} Swedish author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=August 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812155655/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Karin Boye]], Swedish poet, novelist, known for her dystopian sci-fi novel ''[[Kallocain]]'' (d. [[1941]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|title=Karin Boye {{!}} Swedish author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=August 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812155655/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[October 30]] – [[Agustín Lara]], Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros (d. [[1970]])<ref>{{citation|website=Mexico News Network|title=THE AGUSTIN LARA MUSEUM IN VERACRUZ|date=August 20, 2014|access-date=August 23, 2019|url=http://www.mexiconewsnetwork.com/en/art-and-culture/agustin-lara-museum-veracruz/|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824050827/http://www.mexiconewsnetwork.com/en/art-and-culture/agustin-lara-museum-veracruz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[October 30]]
**[[Ragnar Granit]], Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1991]])
⚫
**[[Agustín Lara]], Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros (d. [[1970]])<ref>{{citation|website=Mexico News Network|title=THE AGUSTIN LARA MUSEUM IN VERACRUZ|date=August 20, 2014|access-date=August 23, 2019|url=http://www.mexiconewsnetwork.com/en/art-and-culture/agustin-lara-museum-veracruz/|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824050827/http://www.mexiconewsnetwork.com/en/art-and-culture/agustin-lara-museum-veracruz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] – [[Asbjørg Borgfelt]], Norwegian sculptor (d. [[1976]])
* [[October 31]] – [[Asbjørg Borgfelt]], Norwegian sculptor (d. [[1976]])


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[[File:Ella Junková.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eliška Junková]]]]
[[File:Ella Junková.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eliška Junková]]]]
[[File:Håkan Malmrot 1920.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Håkan Malmrot]]]]
[[File:Håkan Malmrot 1920.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Håkan Malmrot]]]]
* [[November 2]] – [[Carola Neher]], German actress and singer (d. [[1942]])
* [[November 3]] - [[Adolf Dassler]], Cobbler, entrepreneur and inventor who founded [[Adidas]] (d. [[1978]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu]], Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. [[1954]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu]], Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. [[1954]])
* [[November 5]]
* [[November 5]]
Line 562: Line 511:
** [[Hugh Prosser]], American actor (d. [[1952]])
** [[Hugh Prosser]], American actor (d. [[1952]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Margaret Mitchell]], American writer (''Gone With The Wind'') (d. [[1949]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|title=Margaret Mitchell {{!}} American novelist|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=June 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628021722/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 8]] – [[Margaret Mitchell]], American writer (''Gone With The Wind'') (d. [[1949]])<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|title=Margaret Mitchell {{!}} American novelist|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=June 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628021722/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 10]] – [[Rudolf Vogel]], German film and television actor (d. [[1967]])
* [[November 11]]
* [[November 11]]
** [[Maria Babanova]], Russian stage, film actress (d. [[1983]])
** [[Maria Babanova]], Russian stage, film actress (d. [[1983]])
** [[Frederick Lawton]], 9th [[Director of the Office of Management and Budget]] (d. [[1975]])
** [[Frederick Lawton]], 9th [[Director of the Office of Management and Budget]] (d. [[1975]])
* [[November 13]]
* [[November 13]] – [[David Marshall Williams]], American inventor (d. [[1975]])
** [[David Marshall Williams]], American inventor (d. [[1975]])
** [[Samuel King Allison]], American physicist (d. [[1965]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Aaron Copland]], American composer (d. [[1990]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Aaron Copland]], American composer (d. [[1990]])
* [[November 16]]
* [[November 16]]
** [[Eliška Junková]], Czechoslovakian automobile racer (d. [[1994]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|title=AVC - Famous Racing drivers - Eliška Junková|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en-gb|archive-date=October 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111929/https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Eliška Junková]], Czechoslovakian automobile racer (d. [[1994]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|title=AVC - Famous Racing drivers - Eliška Junková|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en-gb|archive-date=October 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111929/https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Nikolai Pogodin]], Soviet playwright (d. [[1962]])
** [[Nikolai Pogodin]], Soviet playwright (d. [[1962]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Anna Seghers]], German writer (d. [[1983]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Anna Seghers |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |website=Jewish Women's Archive |access-date=18 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010215329/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 19]] – [[Anna Seghers]], German writer (d. [[1983]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Anna Seghers |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |website=Jewish Women's Archive |date=July 5, 2021 |access-date=18 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010215329/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 20]]
* [[November 20]]
** [[Florieda Batson]], American hurdler, captain of the United States team at the [[1922 Women's Olympic Games|1922 Women's Olympics]] (d. [[1996]])
** [[Florieda Batson]], American hurdler, captain of the United States team at the [[1922 Women's Olympic Games|1922 Women's Olympics]] (d. [[1996]])
Line 581: Line 527:
* [[November 25]] – [[Rudolf Höß]], German Nazi official (d. [[1947]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Rudolf Höß]], German Nazi official (d. [[1947]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Anna Maurizio]], Swiss biologist, known for her study of bees (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/maurizio-anna-1900-1993|title=Maurizio, Anna (1900–1993) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011417/http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/maurizio-anna-1900-1993|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 26]] – [[Anna Maurizio]], Swiss biologist, known for her study of bees (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/maurizio-anna-1900-1993|title=Maurizio, Anna (1900–1993) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011417/http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/maurizio-anna-1900-1993|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 27]] – [[Jovette Bernier]], Canadian journalist, author, and radio show host (d. [[1981]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of literature in Canada|date=2002|publisher=University of Toronto Press|others=New, W. H. (William Herbert), 1938-|isbn=978-0802007612|location=Toronto, Ont.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse/page/105 105]|oclc=244767732|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse/page/105}}</ref>
* [[November 27]] – [[Jovette Bernier]], Canadian journalist, author, and radio show host (d. [[1981]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of literature in Canada|date=2002|publisher=University of Toronto Press|editor=New, William Herbert |isbn=978-0802007612|location=Toronto, Ont.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse/page/105 105]|oclc=244767732|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse/page/105}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] – [[Mary Bothwell]], Canadian classical vocalist, painter (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-bothwell-emc/|title=Mary Bothwell|date=July 2007|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080951/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-bothwell-emc/|archive-date=March 4, 2016|access-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] – [[Mary Bothwell]], Canadian classical vocalist, painter (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-bothwell-emc/|title=Mary Bothwell|date=July 2007|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080951/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mary-bothwell-emc/|archive-date=March 4, 2016|access-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref>
* [[November 29]]
* [[November 29]]
Line 592: Line 538:
* [[December 2]]
* [[December 2]]
** [[Elisa Godínez Gómez de Batista]], First Lady of Cuba (1940-1944) (d. [[1993]])
** [[Elisa Godínez Gómez de Batista]], First Lady of Cuba (1940-1944) (d. [[1993]])
** [[Herta Hammerbacher]], German landscape architect, professor (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The shoulders on which we stand - Wegbereiter der Wissenschaft 125 Jahre Technische Universität Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/shouldersonwhich00wiss|url-access=limited|date=2004|publisher=Springer|others=Knobloch, Eberhard, 1943-,, Technische Universität Berlin.|isbn=9783642623530|location=Berlin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shouldersonwhich00wiss/page/n75 62]–63|oclc=907300121}}</ref>
** [[Herta Hammerbacher]], German landscape architect, professor (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=The shoulders on which we stand - Wegbereiter der Wissenschaft 125 Jahre Technische Universität Berlin |url=https://archive.org/details/theshouldersonwh0000tech |date=2004|publisher=Springer|editor=Knobloch, Eberhard |isbn=9783642623530|location=Berlin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shouldersonwhich00wiss/page/n75 62]–63|oclc=907300121}}</ref>
* [[December 3]]
* [[December 3]]
** [[Karna Maria Birmingham]], Australian artist, illustrator and print maker (d. [[1987]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daao.org.au/bio/karna-marie-birmingham/personal_details/|title=Karna Marie Birmingham - biography at Design and Art Australia Online|website=daao.org.au|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022141829/https://www.daao.org.au/bio/karna-marie-birmingham/personal_details/|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Karna Maria Birmingham]], Australian artist, illustrator and print maker (d. [[1987]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daao.org.au/bio/karna-marie-birmingham/personal_details/|title=Karna Marie Birmingham - biography at Design and Art Australia Online|website=daao.org.au|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022141829/https://www.daao.org.au/bio/karna-marie-birmingham/personal_details/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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* [[January 16]] – [[S. M. I. Henry]], American evangelist (b. [[1839]])
* [[January 16]] – [[S. M. I. Henry]], American evangelist (b. [[1839]])
* [[January 20]] – [[John Ruskin]], English writer, artist, and social critic (b. [[1819]])
* [[January 20]] – [[John Ruskin]], English writer, artist, and social critic (b. [[1819]])
* [[January 31]] – [[John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry]], Scottish nobleman, boxer (b. [[1844]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Clinton L. Merriam]], American politician (b. [[1824]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Clinton L. Merriam]], American politician (b. [[1824]])
* [[February 23]] – [[William Butterfield]], British architect (b. [[1814]])
* [[February 23]] – [[William Butterfield]], British architect (b. [[1814]])
Line 711: Line 656:
* [[August 23]] – [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], Japanese politician, 2nd [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (b. [[1840]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], Japanese politician, 2nd [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (b. [[1840]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], German philosopher, writer (b. [[1844]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], German philosopher, writer (b. [[1844]])
* [[September 5]] – [[Arthur Sewall]], American politician, industrialist (b. [[1835]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Belle Archer]], American actress (b. [[1859]])
* [[September 23]]
* [[September 23]]
** [[William Marsh Rice]], American philanthropist, university founder (b. [[1816]])
** [[William Marsh Rice]], American philanthropist, university founder (b. [[1816]])

Latest revision as of 09:33, 5 October 2024

This article is about the year 1900. For other uses, see 1900 (disambiguation).

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1900 by topic
Humanities
By country
Other topics
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1900 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1900
MCM
Ab urbe condita2653
Armenian calendar1349
ԹՎ ՌՅԽԹ
Assyrian calendar6650
Baháʼí calendar56–57
Balinese saka calendar1821–1822
Bengali calendar1307
Berber calendar2850
British Regnal year63 Vict. 1 – 64 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2444
Burmese calendar1262
Byzantine calendar7408–7409
Chinese calendar己亥年 (Earth Pig)
4597 or 4390
    — to —
庚子年 (Metal Rat)
4598 or 4391
Coptic calendar1616–1617
Discordian calendar3066
Ethiopian calendar1892–1893
Hebrew calendar5660–5661
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1956–1957
 - Shaka Samvat1821–1822
 - Kali Yuga5000–5001
Holocene calendar11900
Igbo calendar900–901
Iranian calendar1278–1279
Islamic calendar1317–1318
Japanese calendarMeiji 33
(明治３３年)
Javanese calendar1829–1830
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 or 13 days
Korean calendar4233
Minguo calendar12 before ROC
民前12年
Nanakshahi calendar432
Thai solar calendar2442–2443
Tibetan calendar阴土猪年
(female Earth-Pig)
2026 or 1645 or 873
    — to —
阳金鼠年
(male Iron-Rat)
2027 or 1646 or 874
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1900.

1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1900th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 900th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1900, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

As of March 1 (O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not (which will not occur again until 2100), the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 (O.S. February 15), 2100. The year 1900 also marked the Year of the Rat on the Chinese calendar.

Events

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January

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Main article: January 1900
Boxer soldiers
Second Boer War: Boers at Spion Kop

February

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Main article: February 1900
Plaque recording the location of the formation of the British Labour Party in 1900.

March

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Main article: March 1900

April

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Main article: April 1900
Exposition Universelle view in Paris

May

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Main article: May 1900

June

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Main article: June 1900

July

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Main article: July 1900
July 2: First successful rigid airship flight by Zeppelin LZ 1
July 9: Federation of Australia enacted.

August

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Main article: August 1900

September

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Main article: September 1900

October

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Main article: October 1900

November

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Main article: November 1900

December

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Main article: December 1900

Date unknown

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Births

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Content
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December · Date unknown

January

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Chiune Sugihara
William Haines
Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
Hyman G. Rickover

February

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Adlai Stevenson II
Jeanne Aubert
Halina Konopacka

March

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Carel Willink
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
Sir John McEwen
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

April

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Spencer Tracy
Wolfgang Pauli
Charles Francis Richter

May

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Cai Chang
Lucile Godbold

June

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Dennis Gabor
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

July

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Alessandro Blasetti
Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
Eyvind Johnson
Teresa Noce

August

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Arturo Umberto Illia
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
Cecil Howard Green
Hans Adolf Krebs

September

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Urho Kekkonen
Miguel Alemán Valdés

October

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Bing Xin
Helen Hayes
Jean Arthur
Ismail al-Azhari
Srinagarindra
Douglas Jardine
Wajid Ali Khan Burki
Ragnar Granit

November

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Margaret Mitchell
Aaron Copland
Eliška Junková
Håkan Malmrot

December

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Agnes Moorehead

Date unknown

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Deaths

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January–June

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John Ruskin
Gottlieb Daimler
Mary Kingsley
Princess Josephine of Baden

July–December

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King Umberto I
Kuroda Kiyotaka
Friedrich Nietzsche
Sir Arthur Sullivan
Oscar Wilde

World population

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  • World population: 1,640,000,000
    • Africa: 133,000,000
    • Asia: 947,000,000
      • Japan: c. 45,000,000
    • Europe: 408,000,000
    • Latin America: 74,000,000
    • Northern America: 82,000,000
    • Oceania: 6,000,000

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Further reading

[edit]
  • Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events...1900 (1901), vast compendium of data; global coverage online edition
  • Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century 1900-1933, Vol. 1 (1997) pp 7–35; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare.
  • Herbert C. Fyfe, Pearson's Magazine, July 1900: "How Will The World End?"
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