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Coordinates: 08°59′00″N 76°46′00″E / 8.98333°N 76.76667°E / 8.98333; 76.76667
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| other_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Municipal Town
| settlement_type = Municipal Town
| image_skyline = Pulamon Junction in Kottarakara, May 2019.jpg
| image_skyline = Kottarakkara Ganapathi Temple 2022 September.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Pulamon Junction in Kottarakara town
| image_caption = Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Temple
| nickname =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
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}}
}}


'''Kottarakkara''' ([[IAST]]: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as ''Kottarakara'', is a [[town]] and [[municipality]] in the [[Kollam district]] of the [[Kerala]], India. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> The town is close to [[Kollam Port]], which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as the reputation as an important commercial, industrial and trading center. Kottarakkara lies {{convert|27|km}} to the east of [[Kollam]] city centre.<ref name=Town>{{Cite web| url=http://kollam.nic.in/Tou.html| title=Kollam Town| access-date=22 February 2011| publisher=Kollam District officialwebsite National Informatics Centre| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505101027/http://www.kollam.nic.in/Tou.html| archive-date=5 May 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''Kottarakkara''' ([[IAST]]: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as ''Kottarakara'', is a [[town]] and [[municipality]] in the [[Kollam district]] of the [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kottarakkara lies {{convert|27|km}} to the east of [[Kollam]] city centre.<ref name=Town>{{Cite web| url=http://kollam.nic.in/Tou.html| title=Kollam Town| access-date=22 February 2011| publisher=Kollam District officialwebsite National Informatics Centre| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505101027/http://www.kollam.nic.in/Tou.html| archive-date=5 May 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Main|History and Culture of Kottarakkara}}
{{Main|History and Culture of Kottarakkara}}
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the '''Elayadathu Swarupam''', was a principality ruled by a branch of the [[Travancore]] Royal Family. It is the home of [[Kathakali]], a well known dance drama which originated initially as [[Ramanattam]] created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Thampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in the early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations.
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the '''Elayadathu Swarupam''', was a principality ruled by a branch of the [[Travancore]] Royal Family. It is the home of [[Kathakali]], a well known dance drama which originated initially as [[Ramanattam]] created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Thampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in the early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of [[Krishnanattam]] with further innovations.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Line 73: Line 73:


==Geography==
==Geography==
Kottarakkara is a small principality close to Kollam. As a taluk headquarters, it has six [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] and other small towns. It is surrounded by several other towns.
Kottarakkara is a small municipality and taluk headquarters, close to Kollam. The taluk has six [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] and other small towns. It is surrounded by several other towns.


=== Towns and villages in Kottarakara Taluk ===
=== Towns and villages in Kottarakara Taluk ===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* Ampalakkara
* [[Ampalakkara]]
* Andoor
* Andoor
* Chadayamangalam
* Chadayamangalam
Line 92: Line 92:
* Kalayapuram
* Kalayapuram
* Kareepra- Edakkidom
* Kareepra- Edakkidom
* [[Karickom]]
* Karickom
* Kottarakkara
* Kottarakkara
*Kottathala
* Kottathala
* [[Kottukkal]]
* [[Kottukkal]]
* [[Kudavattor ]]
* [[Kulakkada]]
* [[Kulakkada]]
* [[Kummil]]
* [[Kummil]]
* Malavila
* Malavila
* Mankode
* Mankode
* [[Melila]]
* [[Melila, Kollam|Melila]]
* [[Mylom]]
* [[Mylom]]
* [[Neduvathur]]
* [[Neduvathur]]
* Nilamel
* Nilamel
* [[Odanavattom]]
* [[Odanavattam]]
* Panaveli
* Panaveli
* Pavithreswaram
* Pavithreswaram
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|[[File:Kottarakkara Temple(HighResoluion).jpg|thumb|[[Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram]]]]
|[[File:Kottarakkara Temple(HighResoluion).jpg|thumb|[[Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram]]]]
|[[File:കൊട്ടാരക്കരത്തമ്പുരാൻ സ്മാരക ക്ലാസിക്കൽ കലാ മ്യൂസിയം.jpg|thumb|Kottarakkara Thampuran Memorial Museum of Classical Arts]]
|[[File:കൊട്ടാരക്കരത്തമ്പുരാൻ സ്മാരക ക്ലാസിക്കൽ കലാ മ്യൂസിയം.jpg|thumb|Kottarakkara Thampuran Memorial Museum of Classical Arts]]
|[[File:KILA. jpg.jpg|thumb|Kottarakara centre of [[Kerala Institute of Local Administration|KILA]]]]
|[[File:KILA. jpg.jpg|thumb|Kottarakara centre of KILA]]
|-align="center" valign="top"
|-align="center" valign="top"
|}
|}
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==Politics==
==Politics==
{{see also|Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)}}
{{see also|Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)}}
[[Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)|Kottarakara Assembly Constituency]] is one among the 11 assembly constituencies in [[Kollam district]]. K.N.Balagopal is the present MLA from Kottarakkara constituency. Kottarakkara comes under [[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)]](previously it was in [[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor Loksabha constituency]]) that represents a large area including Kottarakkara, Mavelikkara, Changanasseri, spread in Kollam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts.<ref>{{cite web
[[Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)|Kottarakara Assembly Constituency]] is one among the 11 assembly constituencies in [[Kollam district]]. [[K. N. Balagopal]] is the present MLA from Kottarakkara constituency. Kottarakkara comes under [[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)]](previously it was in [[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor Loksabha constituency]]) that represents a large area including Kottarakkara, Mavelikkara, Changanasseri, spread in Kollam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
Line 153: Line 154:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


E Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), D.Damodaran Potti (PSP), R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress), E.Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), C.Achutha Menon (CPI), Kottara Gopalakrishnan (INC) and R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress - B) are the former elected members represented [[Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)|Kottarakara Assembly Constituency]] in the past.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1957 |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1980 |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref>
E Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), D.Damodaran Potti (PSP), R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress), E.Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), C.Achutha Menon (CPI), Kottara Gopalakrishnan (INC) and R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress - B),[[P. Aisha Potty]] (CPM) are the former elected members represented [[Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)|Kottarakara Assembly Constituency]] in the past.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1957 |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1980 |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref>
Mandalam president: G.Peter (Kerala Congress)


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
=== Road Network ===
=== Road Network ===
NH 744 earlier known as NH 208 ([[Kollam]] to [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]]) meets the MC road ([[Thiruvananthapuram]] to [[Angamaly]]) at Kottarakkara.
NH 744 earlier known as NH 208 ([[Kollam]] to [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]]) meets the MC road ([[Thiruvananthapuram]] to [[Angamaly]]) at Kottarakkara.
Kottarakkara is linked with [[Kollam]] (the district headquarters), both by road and rail, at a distance of 27&nbsp;km. It is 67&nbsp;km to the north of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (the capital of Kerala) and 80&nbsp;km to the south of [[Kottayam]].
Kottarakkara is linked with [[Kollam]] (the district headquarters), both by road and rail, at a distance of 27&nbsp;km. It is 66&nbsp;km to the north of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (the capital of Kerala) and 80&nbsp;km to the south of [[Kottayam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollam.nic.in/Gln.html|title=District Information|access-date=22 February 2011|publisher = Kollam: National Informatics}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollam.nic.in/Gln.html|title=District Information|access-date=22 February 2011|publisher = Kollam: National Informatics}}</ref>


===Road===
===Road===
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<!---♦♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦♦--->
*
* [[Veliyam Bharghavan]], Former General Secretary, Communist Party of India
* [[Veliyam Bharghavan]], Former General Secretary, Communist Party of India
*
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]], [[Malayalam]] actor
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]], [[Malayalam]] actor
* [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]], actor and politician
* [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]], actor and politician
* [[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]] (1922–1986), actor
* [[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]] (1922–1986), actor
* [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]], Former Minister, MLA, MP and Panchayat President, Chairman of the Kerala Congress
* [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]], former Minister, MLA, MP and Panchayat President, Chairman of the Kerala Congress
* [[P. Aisha Potty]], MLA
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], Malayalam actor
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], Malayalam actor
* [[Salim Yusuf]]<ref>"Dr. Salim Yusuf". Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. 2014.</ref> - [[Physician]], [[cardiologist]] and [[epidemiologist]]
* [[Salim Yusuf]] - [[Physician]], [[cardiologist]] and [[epidemiologist]]


== Schools and Colleges ==
== Schools and Colleges ==
{{Main|Education in Kollam district}}
{{Main|Education in Kollam district}}
* creative institute of fashion technology , kottarakkara.
* venad technical college , kottarakkara.
* BRM Central School, Chengamanadu
* Carmel Residential Senior Secondary School, Kadalavila, Kottarakara
* Evhss neduvathoor
* GLPS, Panavely, Kottarakara
* GLPS, Valakom, Kottarakara
* Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary School, Kottarakara,
* Govt. Higher Secondary School, Sadanandapuram, Kottarakara,
* Govt. Higher Secondary School, Vettikavala, Kottarakara,
* Govt. LPS, Vettikavala, kottarakkara
* IHRD College of Engineering, Thrikkannamangal
* Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kottarakkara
* Karikom International Public School - Karikom, Kottarakara
* MAMHS, Chengamanadu
*Mannam Memorial English Medium School, Kottarakkara
* Mar Baselios English Medium School, Kottapuram,
*[[Mar Ivanios Bethany School, Kalayapuram]],
* Mar Gregorios memorial residential public school, Mylom,
* Marthoma Girls' Higher Secondary School, Kottarakara
* Marthoma High School, Valakom, Kottarakara
* Mercy college of Nursing, Valakom
* RVHS Higher Secondary School, Valakom, Kottarakara
* Seventh day Adventist higher Secondary School, Karickom, Kottarakara
* SKVHS Thrikkannamangal
* Sree Narayana Guru Central School, Ezhukone
* Sree Sankara Sanskrit Vidhyapeedom, Edakkidam
* Sri Vidyadhiraja Memorial Model HSS, Vendar, Kottarakara.
* Sri Sri Academy, Ezhukone
* St. Gregorios College
* St. Gregorios High School, [[College Junction]], Kottarakara,
* St. Gregorios Higher Secondary School, [[College Junction]], Kottarakara
* St.Mary's Higher Secondary School, Kottarakara
* Town UP School
* University Institute of Technology (UIT)
* Vijaya Nursing College
*Vimalambika Lps, Kottarakkara
* St.Theresas UPS English Medium Kalayapuram
* LMSLPS Kalayapuram
* Mar Thoma Residential School Zion Kunnu Kalayapuram Kottarakkara


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* KIzhakkevila-Thundil; An ancient Christian Family based from Kundara spreads areas at Kizhakketheruvu, Chengamanadu, Kottarakara, Elampal, Ayoor etc. was Engaged in Agricultural Production, Tradings, Religious, Social and Cultural activities.
* Parankamveettil; An ancient Christian Family based from Aippalloor spreads areas at Kizhakketheruvu, Chengamanadu, Kottarakara, Elampal, Ayoor etc. was Engaged in Agricultural Production, Tradings, Religious, Social and Cultural activities.
* K. Ayyappapanicker; Sahitya Akademi (1997). Medieval Indian literature: an anthology. Sahitya Akademi. pp.&nbsp;317–. {{ISBN|978-81-260-0365-5}}.
* K. Ayyappapanicker; Sahitya Akademi (1997). Medieval Indian literature: an anthology. Sahitya Akademi. pp.&nbsp;317–. {{ISBN|978-81-260-0365-5}}.
* M. O. Koshy (1989). The Dutch power in Kerala, 1729–1758. Mittal Publications. pp.&nbsp;64–. {{ISBN|978-81-7099-136-6}}. * K. Srikumaran (1 January 2005). Theerthayathra: a pilgrimage through various temples. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.&nbsp;129. {{ISBN|978-81-7276-363-3}}.
* M. O. Koshy (1989). The Dutch power in Kerala, 1729–1758. Mittal Publications. pp.&nbsp;64–. {{ISBN|978-81-7099-136-6}}.
* K. Srikumaran (1 January 2005). Theerthayathra: a pilgrimage through various temples. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.&nbsp;129. {{ISBN|978-81-7276-363-3}}.


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://kottarakaramunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/en Kottarakara Municipality]
*[http://hellokottarakara.com/ official website of kottarakara]
*[http://kottarakaraganapathi.org/ Official Web Site Of Kottarakara Mahaganapthi]
*[https://kottarakaramahaganapathi.org/ Official Website Of Kottarakara Mahaganapthi]
*[http://kollam.nic.in/kotta.html More detailed information about Kottarakkara]
*[http://lsgkerala.in/kottarakarapanchayat/general-information/ Kottarakkara - General information]


{{Kollam district}}
{{Kollam district}}
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Kollam district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kollam district]]

{{Kollam-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:34, 12 October 2024

For other uses, see Kottarakkara (disambiguation).

Kottarakkara
Municipal Town
Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Temple
Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Temple
Kottarakkara is located in Kerala
Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara
Location in Kerala, India
Kottarakkara is located in India
Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara (India)
Coordinates: 08°59′00″N 76°46′00″E / 8.98333°N 76.76667°E / 8.98333; 76.76667
Country India
StateKerala
DistrictKollam
Government
 • TypeCouncil
 • BodyKottarakkara Municipality
 • MPKodikunnil Suresh
 • MLAK.N.Balagopal
Area
 • Total
17.39 km2 (6.71 sq mi)
Population
[1]
 • Total
29,788
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PINCODE
691506
Vehicle registrationKL-24
Nearest cityKollam
Civic AgencyKottarakara Municipality

Kottarakkara (IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and municipality in the Kollam district of the Kerala, India.[2] Kottarakkara lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city centre.[3]

History

[edit]
Main article: History and Culture of Kottarakkara

Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. It is the home of Kathakali, a well known dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Thampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in the early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnanattam with further innovations.

Etymology

[edit]

Kottarakkara, a compound word made up of the words Kottaram, meaning "palace", and kara meaning "land", literally means "land of palaces". The area which had several palaces was thus named "Kottarakkara."[4]

Geography

[edit]

Kottarakkara is a small municipality and taluk headquarters, close to Kollam. The taluk has six panchayats and other small towns. It is surrounded by several other towns.

Towns and villages in Kottarakara Taluk

[edit]

[5]

Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram
Kottarakkara Thampuran Memorial Museum of Classical Arts
Kottarakara centre of KILA

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Kottarakkara, Kerala
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.5
(86.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.4
(72.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		24.5
(76.1) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		23.8
(74.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		34
(1.3) 		67
(2.6) 		166
(6.5) 		261
(10.3) 		477
(18.8) 		411
(16.2) 		277
(10.9) 		228
(9.0) 		311
(12.2) 		214
(8.4) 		54
(2.1) 		2,517
(99)
Source: Climate-Data.org[6]

Politics

[edit]
See also: Kottarakkara (Assembly constituency)

Kottarakara Assembly Constituency is one among the 11 assembly constituencies in Kollam district. K. N. Balagopal is the present MLA from Kottarakkara constituency. Kottarakkara comes under Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)(previously it was in Adoor Loksabha constituency) that represents a large area including Kottarakkara, Mavelikkara, Changanasseri, spread in Kollam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts.[7]

E Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), D.Damodaran Potti (PSP), R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress), E.Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), C.Achutha Menon (CPI), Kottara Gopalakrishnan (INC) and R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress - B),P. Aisha Potty (CPM) are the former elected members represented Kottarakara Assembly Constituency in the past.[8][9]

Transportation

[edit]

Road Network

[edit]

NH 744 earlier known as NH 208 (Kollam to Thirumangalam) meets the MC road (Thiruvananthapuram to Angamaly) at Kottarakkara. Kottarakkara is linked with Kollam (the district headquarters), both by road and rail, at a distance of 27 km. It is 66 km to the north of Thiruvananthapuram (the capital of Kerala) and 80 km to the south of Kottayam.[10]

Road

[edit]
Kottarakkara KSRTC Depot.

Kottarakara has one of the Kerala's well connected KSRTC Hub, consist of various services across almost all the parts of kerala and interstate services. Local routes are connected by private bus services as well as State Transport. It is well connected to the capital city of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram by KSRTC Fast Passenger, super fast, super deluxe, a/c low floor buses. Buses are also ply to the district headquarters of Kollam and Pathanamthitta and to towns in Tamil Nadu like Coimbatore, Tenkasi and Sengottai and Daily trips to Mookambika, Sullia Munnar, Chennai, Hosur Bangalore, Velankanni, Madurai, Kumily, Mysore, Kanyakumari, Coimbatore, Nagercoil, Thirunelveli, Tuticorin, Palani, Trichy, Ernakulam, Kannur, Palakkad, Thrissur, Mangalore, Sultan Bathery, Kasaragod. Kottarakara depot of ksrtc is one of the top revenue earning depots of the state.

Rail

[edit]
Entrance of Kottarakara railway station

Kottarakara railway station is located on the Kollam-Sengottai railway line. Kottarakara railway station, which currently connects to Kollam, Trivandrum, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Madurai, Chennai, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Guruvayur, Varkala and Punalur through the direct passenger, fast passenger and express train services. There are eight pairs of services right now and heard that many more services would be inducted in this route since the Punalur-Schengotta ghat section has been closed for Broad Gauge conversion. Further, a new line from Chengannur to Thiruvananthapuram via Adoor and Pandalam is awaiting survey. Kottarakkara will become a junction once the new line materializes.

Air

[edit]

The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport, 70 km (43 mi).

Notable people

[edit]

Schools and Colleges

[edit]
Main article: Education in Kollam district

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kerala (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  3. ^ "Kollam Town". Kollam District officialwebsite National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  4. ^ "History". kottarakkara.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  5. ^ "Places in Kottarakara Taluk". Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  6. ^ "CLIMATE: KOTTARAKARA", Climate-Data.org. Web: [1].
  7. ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
  8. ^ "Kerala Assembly Election - 1957". Elections.in. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Kerala Assembly Election - 1980". Elections.in. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  10. ^ "District Information". Kollam: National Informatics. Retrieved 22 February 2011.

Further reading

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  • Parankamveettil; An ancient Christian Family based from Aippalloor spreads areas at Kizhakketheruvu, Chengamanadu, Kottarakara, Elampal, Ayoor etc. was Engaged in Agricultural Production, Tradings, Religious, Social and Cultural activities.
  • K. Ayyappapanicker; Sahitya Akademi (1997). Medieval Indian literature: an anthology. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 317–. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  • M. O. Koshy (1989). The Dutch power in Kerala, 1729–1758. Mittal Publications. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-81-7099-136-6.
  • K. Srikumaran (1 January 2005). Theerthayathra: a pilgrimage through various temples. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 129. ISBN 978-81-7276-363-3.
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