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{{short description|Laced half-boot of Ancient Rome}}
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{{unreferenced|date=November 2006}}
{{about|the ancient boot|the Roman Catholic liturgical stockings|Episcopal sandals|the racehorse|Buskin (horse)}}
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{{refimprove|date=November 2006}}
[[Image:Buskin (PSF).jpg|thumb|Buskins]]
{{commonscat|Cothurns|lcfirst=yes}}
A '''buskin''' is a knee- or calf-length [[boot]] made of [[leather]] or [[cloth]], enclosed by material, and laced, from above the toes to the top of the boot, and open across the toes.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nunn|first=Joan|title=Fashion in Costume, 1200-2000|date=2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-56663-279-9|language=en}}</ref>


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The word buskin, only recorded in [[English language|English]] since 1503 meaning "half boot", is of unknown origin, perhaps from [[Old French]] ''brousequin'' (in modern [[French language|French]] ''brodequin'') or directly from its [[Middle Dutch]] model ''brosekin'' "small leather boot".
A '''Buskin''' is a knee- or calf-length [[boot]] made of [[leather]] or [[cloth]] which laces closed, but is open across the toes. It was worn by [[Tragedy|Athenian tragic]] actors, hunters and soldiers in Ancient [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] societies.
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The word buskin, only recorded in English since 1503 meaning "half boot," is of origin unknown, perhaps from Old French ''brousequin'' (in modern French brodequin) or directly from its Middle Dutch model ''brosekin'' "small leather boot." Figurative senses relating to tragedy are from the word being used (since 1570) to translate Greek ''kothurnus'', the high, thick-soled boot worn in Athenian tragedy; contrasted with [[sock]], the low shoe worn by comedians.
It is also used as a name of a torturing device used in the Middle Ages: the [[Boot (torture)|boot]].


A high-heeled buskin ([[Greek language|Greek]] '''''kothornos''''' ({{langx|el|κόθορνος}}) or Latin '''''cothurnus''''') was worn by Athenian [[Tragedy|tragic]] actors (to make them look taller).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Myers |first1=Philip Van Ness |title=A History of Greece: For Colleges and High Schools |date=1898 |publisher=Ginn & Company |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N84pAAAAYAAJ |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Buskins therefore sometimes appear as a symbol of tragedy, often contrasted with "sock" (from Latin '''''[[soccus]]'''''), the low shoe worn by [[Comedy (drama)|comedians]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bronson |first1=Walter Cochrane |title=English Poems: The Restoration and the eighteenth century (1660-1800) |date=1908 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=434 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3VKAAAAIAAJ |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
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== Roman Catholic Church ==


The buskin was also worn by hunters, and soldiers in [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]], [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]], and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] societies, to protect the lower legs against thorns, dirt, etc.
In the [[Roman Catholic Church]], buskins are ceremonial (liturgical) [[stockings]] of [[silk]], sometimes interwoven with gold threads and even heavily embroidered, worn by the [[celebrant]] of a [[pontifical Mass]].<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03087b.htm|title=Buskin|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> The buskins can be worn over regular dress socks with regular dress shoes for the lower-ranking clergy and over white socks and the special red papal shoes by the [[Pope]].


[[Byzantine emperor]]s were formally clad in purple buskins, embroidered in gold with [[double-headed eagle]]s.<ref>John Julius Norwich, ''A Short History of Byzantium'', Penguin 1998, p. 248.</ref>
Originally liturgical buskins were worn by all priests, till they were reserved about the eighth century for the exclusive use of [[bishop]]s as part of the [[pontificalia]], i.e. episcopal 'regalia', a privilege in modern times extended to some lesser [[prelate]]s. In [[liturgical colour]] they correspond to the [[chasuble]], but are never worn with black.


==References==
==References==
{{EB1911 poster|Buskin}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Catholic}}
* {{Catholic||wstitle=Buskins}}


{{footwear}}
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[[Category:Boots]]
{{Historical clothing}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic vestments]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek theatre]]
[[Category:Greek clothing]]
[[Category:Greek clothing]]
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[[Category:Roman Catholic vestments]]
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[[Category:Historical footwear]]

Latest revision as of 23:45, 22 October 2024

This article is about the ancient boot. For the Roman Catholic liturgical stockings, see Episcopal sandals. For the racehorse, see Buskin (horse).
Buskins
Wikimedia Commons has media related to cothurns.

A buskin is a knee- or calf-length boot made of leather or cloth, enclosed by material, and laced, from above the toes to the top of the boot, and open across the toes.[1]

The word buskin, only recorded in English since 1503 meaning "half boot", is of unknown origin, perhaps from Old French brousequin (in modern French brodequin) or directly from its Middle Dutch model brosekin "small leather boot".

A high-heeled buskin (Greek kothornos (Greek: κόθορνος) or Latin cothurnus) was worn by Athenian tragic actors (to make them look taller).[2] Buskins therefore sometimes appear as a symbol of tragedy, often contrasted with "sock" (from Latin soccus), the low shoe worn by comedians.[3]

The buskin was also worn by hunters, and soldiers in Ancient Greek, Etruscan, and Roman societies, to protect the lower legs against thorns, dirt, etc.

Byzantine emperors were formally clad in purple buskins, embroidered in gold with double-headed eagles.[4]

References

[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Buskin".
  1. ^ Nunn, Joan (2000). Fashion in Costume, 1200-2000. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-56663-279-9.
  2. ^ Myers, Philip Van Ness (1898). A History of Greece: For Colleges and High Schools. Ginn & Company. p. 548. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  3. ^ Bronson, Walter Cochrane (1908). English Poems: The Restoration and the eighteenth century (1660-1800). University of Chicago Press. p. 434. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  4. ^ John Julius Norwich, A Short History of Byzantium, Penguin 1998, p. 248.
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