Patriarchate of Lisbon: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Portugal}} |
{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Portugal}} |
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{{Infobox diocese |
{{Infobox diocese |
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| jurisdiction = Patriarchate |
| jurisdiction = Metropolitan Patriarchate |
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| name = Lisbon |
| name = Lisbon |
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| latin = Patriarchatus Olisiponensis |
| latin = Patriarchatus Metropolitæ Olisiponensis |
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| local = Patriarcado de Lisboa |
| local = Patriarcado Metropolitana de Lisboa |
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| image = Se de Lisboa Frente.JPG |
| image = Se de Lisboa Frente.JPG |
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| image_size = frameless |
| image_size = frameless |
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| coat_caption = Seal |
| coat_caption = Seal |
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| country = {{flag|Portugal}} |
| country = {{flag|Portugal}} |
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| denomination = [[ |
| denomination = [[Catholic]] |
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| area_km2 = 3,735 |
| area_km2 = 3,735 |
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| area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> |
| area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
| area_footnotes = |
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| population = 1, |
| population = 1,617,390 |
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| population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2022 |
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| catholics = 1, |
| catholics = 1,462,050 |
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| catholics_percent = |
| catholics_percent = 90.4 |
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| parishes = |
| parishes = 285 |
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| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> |
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> |
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| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> |
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> |
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| cathedral = [[Lisbon Cathedral]] |
| cathedral = [[Lisbon Cathedral]] |
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| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |
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| bishop = [[Rui |
| bishop = [[Rui Valério|Rui I]] |
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| bishop_title = Patriarch |
| bishop_title = Metropolitan Patriarch |
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| suffragans = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra|Angra]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Funchal|Funchal]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarda|Guarda]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Leiria-Fátima|Leiria-Fátima]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco|Portalegre-Castelo Branco]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Setúbal|Setúbal]] |
| suffragans = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra|Angra]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Funchal|Funchal]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarda|Guarda]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Leiria-Fátima|Leiria-Fátima]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco|Portalegre-Castelo Branco]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]] <br/> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Setúbal|Setúbal]] |
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| auxiliary_bishops = {{unbulleted list|Joaquim Augusto da Silva Mendes|[[ |
| auxiliary_bishops = {{unbulleted list|[[Joaquim Augusto da Silva Mendes]]|[[Alexandre Coutinho Lopes de Brito Palma]]|[[Nuno Isidro Nunes Cordeiro]]}} |
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| emeritus_bishops = [[Manuel Clemente|Manuel III]] |
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| website = [http://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt http://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt] |
| website = [http://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt http://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt] |
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<!---- Map ----> |
<!---- Map ----> |
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| map_alt = |
| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = The Archdiocese of Lisbon shown in a darker red. |
| map_caption = The Archdiocese of Lisbon shown in a darker red. |
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|flag=|territory=|metropolitan=|headquarters=|sui_iuris_church=|founded=|dissolved=|patron=|language=}} |
|flag=|territory=|metropolitan=|headquarters=|sui_iuris_church=|founded=|dissolved=|patron=[[Vincent of Saragossa]]|language=|priests=281 (Diocesan)<br>250 (Religious Orders)<br>95 Permanent Deacons|province=Lisbon}} |
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The '''Patriarchate of Lisbon''' ({{ |
The '''Metropolitan Patriarchate of Lisbon''' ({{langx|la|Patriarchatus Metropolitæ Olisiponensis}}) is a [[Latin Church]] ecclesiastical territory or [[patriarchate|patriarchal]] [[archdiocese]] of the [[Catholic Church]] in [[Lisbon]], the capital of [[Portugal]]. |
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Its [[episcopal see|archiepiscopal see]] is the [[Lisbon Cathedral|Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major]], in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three [[minor basilica]]s: the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs, Lisboa|Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs]] and [[Estrela Basilica|Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela]], both in Lisbon; the [[Palace of Mafra|Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony]] in [[Mafra, Portugal|Mafra]]; and two [[World Heritage Site]] monasteries: the [[Jerónimos Monastery|Monastery of the Hieronymites]], in Lisbon, and the [[Alcobaça Monastery|Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça]], in [[Alcobaça, Portugal|Alcobaça]] |
Its [[episcopal see|archiepiscopal see]] is the [[Lisbon Cathedral|Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major]], in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three [[minor basilica]]s: the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs, Lisboa|Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs]] and [[Estrela Basilica|Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela]], both in Lisbon; the [[Palace of Mafra|Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony]] in [[Mafra, Portugal|Mafra]]; and two [[World Heritage Site]] monasteries: the [[Jerónimos Monastery|Monastery of the Hieronymites]], in Lisbon, and the [[Alcobaça Monastery|Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça]], in [[Alcobaça, Portugal|Alcobaça]] |
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== Patriarchate today == |
== Patriarchate today == |
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The patriarchate pastorally served, as per 2014, 1,648,885 Catholics (86% of 1,924,650 total) on 3,735 km |
The patriarchate pastorally served, as per 2014, 1,648,885 Catholics (86% of 1,924,650 total) on 3,735 km<sup>2</sup> in 285 parishes and 604 missions, with 543 priests (291 diocesan, 252 religious), 84 deacons, 1,505 lay religious (401 brothers, 1,104 sisters) and 54 seminarians.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:São Manços (c. 1550-60) - Sebastião Lopes (attrib.), Museu de Arte Sacra da Sé de Évora (cropped2).png|thumb|right|[[Mantius of Évora]]]] |
[[File:São Manços (c. 1550-60) - Sebastião Lopes (attrib.), Museu de Arte Sacra da Sé de Évora (cropped2).png|thumb|right|[[Mantius of Évora]]]] |
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[[File:Pormenor de D. Martinho da Costa (Retábulo de Santa Auta, c. 1522).png|thumb|right|Archbishop Martinho da Costa]] |
[[File:Pormenor de D. Martinho da Costa (Retábulo de Santa Auta, c. 1522).png|thumb|right|Archbishop Martinho da Costa]] |
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[[File:Cardeal D. Henrique, cópia de original de c. 1590.jpg|thumb|right|[[Henry I of Portugal]] was [[Henry |
[[File:Cardeal D. Henrique, cópia de original de c. 1590.jpg|thumb|right|[[Henry, King of Portugal|Henry I of Portugal]] was [[Henry, King of Portugal|Archbishop Henry I of Lisbon]] before becoming King.]] |
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[[File:D. Tomás de Almeida (1670-1754).png|thumb|right|[[Tomás de Almeida|Patriarch Tomás I of Lisbon]]]] |
[[File:D. Tomás de Almeida (1670-1754).png|thumb|right|[[Tomás de Almeida|Patriarch Tomás I of Lisbon]]]] |
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[[File:D. Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1793-1857).png|thumb|right|Patriarch Guilherme I of Lisbon]] |
[[File:D. Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1793-1857).png|thumb|right|Patriarch Guilherme I of Lisbon]] |
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#[[Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal|Cardinal-Infante D. Afonso (II) de Portugal]] (1523-1540) |
#[[Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal|Cardinal-Infante D. Afonso (II) de Portugal]] (1523-1540) |
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#Fernando de Meneses Coutinho e Vasconcelos (1540-1564) |
#Fernando de Meneses Coutinho e Vasconcelos (1540-1564) |
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#[[Henry |
#[[Henry, King of Portugal|Cardinal Infante D. Henrique de Portugal]] (1564-1570) |
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#Jorge de Almeida (1570-1585) |
#Jorge de Almeida (1570-1585) |
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#[[Miguel de Castro]] (1586-1625) |
#[[Miguel de Castro]] (1586-1625) |
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#Cardinal [[José Policarpo|José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo]] (1998–2013) |
#Cardinal [[José Policarpo|José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo]] (1998–2013) |
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#Cardinal [[Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente|Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente]] (2013–2023) |
#Cardinal [[Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente|Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente]] (2013–2023) |
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#[[Rui Manuel Sousa Valério |
#[[Rui Manuel Sousa Valério|Rui (I) Manuel Sousa Valério]] (2023–present)<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 12 August 2023| publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 10 August 2023 | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/08/10/230810a.html | title = Resignations and Appointments, 10.08.2023}}</ref> |
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== Ecclesiastical province == |
== Ecclesiastical province == |
Latest revision as of 12:19, 25 October 2024
Metropolitan Patriarchate of Lisbon Patriarchatus Metropolitæ Olisiponensis Patriarcado Metropolitana de Lisboa | |
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Location | |
Country | Portugal |
Ecclesiastical province | Lisbon |
Statistics | |
Area | 3,735 km2 (1,442 sq mi) |
Population - Total - Catholics | (as of 2022) 1,617,390 1,462,050 (90.4%) |
Parishes | 285 |
Information | |
Denomination | Catholic |
Rite | Roman Rite |
Established | 4th century |
Cathedral | Lisbon Cathedral |
Patron saint | Vincent of Saragossa |
Secular priests | 281 (Diocesan) 250 (Religious Orders) 95 Permanent Deacons |
Current leadership | |
Pope | Francis |
Metropolitan Patriarch | Rui I |
Suffragans | Angra Funchal Guarda Leiria-Fátima Portalegre-Castelo Branco Santarém Setúbal |
Auxiliary Bishops | |
Bishops emeritus | Manuel III |
Map | |
The Archdiocese of Lisbon shown in a darker red. | |
Website | |
http://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt |
The Metropolitan Patriarchate of Lisbon (Latin: Patriarchatus Metropolitæ Olisiponensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or patriarchal archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
Its archiepiscopal see is the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major, in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three minor basilicas: the Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs and Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela, both in Lisbon; the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in Mafra; and two World Heritage Site monasteries: the Monastery of the Hieronymites, in Lisbon, and the Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça, in Alcobaça
Patriarchate today
[edit]The patriarchate pastorally served, as per 2014, 1,648,885 Catholics (86% of 1,924,650 total) on 3,735 km2 in 285 parishes and 604 missions, with 543 priests (291 diocesan, 252 religious), 84 deacons, 1,505 lay religious (401 brothers, 1,104 sisters) and 54 seminarians.[citation needed]
History
[edit]The diocese of Lisbon was created in the 4th century, but it lay vacant after 716 when the city was captured by the Moors, notwithstanding that there are references to Mozarabic bishops of the Mozarabic Rite in that period. The diocese was restored during the Second Crusade in 1147 when the city was captured by King Afonso I of Portugal after the siege of Lisbon. A crusader's account of that event refers to the local "elderly Bishop of the city" being slain "against all right and justice", by marauding Flemish and German crusaders, in direct defiance of the terms of the city's rendition.[1]
As Portugal grew in political importance and colonial possessions the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Lisbon expanded; Stadel says in his Compendium geographiae ecclesiasticae universalis (1712) that Coimbra, Leiria, Portalegre, Elvas, Funchal, Angra, Congo, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, and Baia of All Saints were suffragans of Lisbon.[2] As a reward for its assistance against the Turks, Pope Clement XI in 1708 raised the Chapel of the Royal Palace to Collegiate rank and associated with it three parishes in the dioceses of Bragança and Lamego. Later, yielding to the request of King John V, he issued the Bull In Supremo Apostolatus Solio (22 October 1716) – known as the Golden Bull because the seal or bulla was affixed with gold instead of lead – giving the collegiate chapel cathedral rank, with metropolitical rights, and conferring on its titular the rank of patriarch.
The city of Lisbon was ecclesiastically divided into Eastern and Western Lisbon. The former archbishop of Lisbon retained jurisdiction over Eastern Lisbon, and had as suffragan dioceses those of Guarda, Portalegre, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, and São Salvador in Congo. Western Lisbon and metropolitan rights over Leiria, Lamego, Funchal and Angra, together with elaborate privileges and honours, were granted to the new patriarch and his successors. It was further agreed between pope and king that the patriarch of Lisbon should be made a cardinal at the first consistory following his appointment (Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii, 1737).
The first patriarch of Lisbon was Tomás de Almeida (1670–1754), formerly bishop of Porto; he was raised to the cardinalate on 20 December 1737 by Pope Clement XII. There thus existed side by side in the city of Lisbon two metropolitical churches. To obviate the inconvenience of this arrangement Pope Benedict XIV (13 December 1740) united East and West Lisbon into one single archdiocese under Patriarch Almeida, who ruled the see until his death in 1754. The double chapter however remained until 1843, when the old cathedral chapter was dissolved by Pope Gregory XVI. It was during the patriarchate of Cardinal Almeida (1746) that the famous Chapel of Saint John the Baptist was built in Rome (1742–1747) at the expense of King John V and consecrated by Pope Benedict XIV, and then transported to and reconstructed in the Church of St. Roch in Lisbon. Patriarch Almeida is buried in the chancel of that church.
At what date the patriarchs of Lisbon began to quarter the tiara with three crowns, though without the keys, on their coat of arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring to the grant of such a privilege. By apostolic letters dated 30 September 1881 the metropolitan of Lisbon claims as suffragans the dioceses of Angola, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, Egitan, Portalegre, Angra, and Funchal.
Privileges of the patriarchate
[edit]Throughout history, many privileges have been granted to the patriarchate of Lisbon and its patriarch by the Holy See.[3][4]
- Patriarch of Lisbon's right to cardinal dignity:
- Appointment as Cardinal in the Consistory following the installation to the patriarchal see;
- Right to wear cardinal garments even before he is created, such as cassock and purple coral robes, but unlike cardinals, the cap must have a tassel as is typical of bishops, all in purple; this privilege is shared with the patriarch of Venice and the archbishop of Salzburg;
- Right to wear the purple tassel of 30 tassels on the coat of arms even before being created cardinal; this privilege is shared with the archbishop of Salzburg, although in his case with 12 tassels as is typical of the archbishops.
- Right to affix the papal Tiara to the patriarchate's and patriarch's coat of arms, an exclusive honour never granted to any other Catholic prelate; unlike the papal coat of arms instead of the keys of St. Peter, the patriarchal coat of arms has an archiepiscopal double cross and a decussed staff. Throughout history, the papal tiara has only been used on the coats of arms of two prelates, the pope and the patriarch of Lisbon. In liturgical acts, the patriarchs of Lisbon also wore the unique and precious miter-tiara, with three levels, in honour of the privilege granted.
- Concession of the use of some insignia and vestments exclusive to the Roman pontiff in Masses and pontifical processions chaired by the patriarch of Lisbon:
- the right to use sedia gestatoria carried by 8 men, different from the pontifical sedia gestatoria carried by 12 men;
- the right to use flabels, with the pope offering 2 of his 4 flabels;
- right to use a pontifical falda;
- right to use pontifical fanon;
- Right to anoint the kings of Portugal at the time of their acclamation, a privilege previously exercised by the archbishop primate of Braga.
- Right to have a Patriarchal Curia (similar but smaller than the Roman Curia).
- Right to have a Patriarchal Chapter divided into 3 orders in the likeness of the College of Cardinals, with the Canons of the 1st order having the right to use a miter, that is, being a Capido Mitrado.
- Right to a Guard of Honor similar to the extinct Pontifical Noble Guard.
These privileges were granted by Popes Clement XI, Innocent XIII, Benedict XIII and Clement XII. However, some have fallen into disuse over the centuries.
Ordinaries
[edit]Lisbon, being one of the oldest cities in Iberia, has had a rich ecclesiastical history, in which the ordinaries of Lisbon have held different titles, partially depending on the country/city's rulers and their political/colonial power.
Suffragan bishops of Olisipo
[edit]- Saint Mantius (36) legendary
- Filipe Filoteu (92) legendary
- Pedro (I) (166) legendary
- Pedro (II) (213) legendary
- Jorge (260) legendary
- Pedro (III) (297) legendary
- Saint Gens of Lisbon (?) legendary
- Januário (300), legendary
- São Potâmio (c. 356)
- António (373)
- Neobrídio (430)
- Júlio (461)
- Azulano (?)
- João (500)
- Éolo (536)
- Nestoriano (578)
- Paulo (589)
- Goma or Gomarelo (610, 614)
- Viarico, Ubalico or Dialico (633, 636, 638)
- Nefrígio, Nefredo or Neofrídio (646)
- Cesário or César (656)
- Teodorico (666)
- Ara (683)
- Landerico (688, 693)
- Ildefonso (?)
After the Muslim invasion of Lisbon in 716, the see was vacant. The diocese was revitalized with the Siege of Lisbon in 1147, when the city was once again in Christian hands.
Suffragan bishops of Lisbon
[edit]- Gilbert of Hastings (1147-1166)
- Álvaro (bishop) (1166-1185)
- Soeiro (I) Anes (1185-1210)
- Soeiro (II) Viegas (1210-1232)
- Vicente (1232)
- Paio Pais (1232-1233)
- João (I) Falberto (1233)
- Estêvão (I) Gomes (1234-1237)
- João (II) (1239-1241)
- Ricardo Guilherme (1241)
- Aires Vasques (1241-1258)
- Mateus (1259-1282)
- Estêvão (II) Anes de Vasconcelos (1284-1289)
- Domingos Anes Jardo (1289-1293)
- João (III) Martins de Soalhães (1294-1312)
- Frei Estêvão (III), O.F.M. (1312-1322)
- Gonçalo Pereira (1322-1326)
- João (IV) Afonso de Brito (1326-1341)
- Vasco (I) Martins (1342-1344)
- Estêvão (IV) de la Garde (1344-1348)
- Teobaldo de Castillon (1348-1356)
- Reginaldo de Maubernard (1356-1358)
- Lourenço Rodrigues (1359-1364)
- Pedro Gomes Barroso, o Jovem (1364-1369)
- Fernando Álvares (1369-1371)
- Vasco (II) Fernandes de Toledo (1371)
- Agapito Colona (1371-1380), 1378 Cardinal
- João (V) de Agoult (1380-1381) - named bishop of Lisbon by pope Urban VI (pope in Rome)
- Martinho de Zamora (1380-1383) - named bishop of Lisbon (and Cardinal in 1383) by Antipope Clement VII (pope in Avignon)
- João (VI) Guterres (1381-1382) - named bishop of Lisbon by pope Urban VI (pope in Rome)
- João (VII) Anes (c. 1383-1394)
Metropolitan archbishops of Lisbon
[edit]- João (I) Anes (1394-1402)
- João (II) Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (1402-1415)
- Diogo Álvares de Brito (1415-1422)
- Pedro de Noronha (1424-1452)
- Luís Coutinho (1452-1453)
- Cardeal D. Jaime de Portugal (1453-1459)
- Afonso (I) Nogueira (1459-1464)
- Cardeal D. Jorge da Costa (1464-1500)
- Martinho da Costa (1500-1521)
- Cardinal-Infante D. Afonso (II) de Portugal (1523-1540)
- Fernando de Meneses Coutinho e Vasconcelos (1540-1564)
- Cardinal Infante D. Henrique de Portugal (1564-1570)
- Jorge de Almeida (1570-1585)
- Miguel de Castro (1586-1625)
- Afonso (III) Furtado de Mendonça (1626-1630)
- João (III) Manuel de Ataíde (1633)
- Rodrigo da Cunha (1635-1643)
- António de Mendonça (1670-1675)
- Cardinal D. Luís de Sousa (1675-1702)
- João (IV) de Sousa (1703-1710)
Latin patriarchs of Lisbon
[edit]- Cardinal Tomás de Almeida (1716–1754)
- Cardinal José (I) Manoel da Câmara (1754–1758)
- Cardinal Francisco (I) de Saldanha da Gama (1758–1776)
- Cardinal Fernando de Sousa da Silva (1779–1786)
- Cardinal José (II) Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça (1786–1818)
- Cardinal Carlos da Cunha e Menezes (1819–1825)
- Cardinal Patrício da Silva (1826–1840)
- Cardinal Francisco (II) de São Luís (Francisco Justiniano) Saraiva (1840–1845)
- Cardinal Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1845–1857)
- Cardinal Manuel (I) Bento Rodrigues da Silva (1858–1869)
- Cardinal Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (1871–1883)
- Cardinal José (III) Sebastião de Almeida Neto (1883–1907)
- Cardinal António (I) Mendes Belo (1907–1929)
- Cardinal Manuel (II) Gonçalves Cerejeira (1929–1971)
- Cardinal António (II) Ribeiro (1971–1998)
- Cardinal José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo (1998–2013)
- Cardinal Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (2013–2023)
- Rui (I) Manuel Sousa Valério (2023–present)[5]
Ecclesiastical province
[edit]The suffragan sees of the archdiocese are:
- Diocese of Angra (the Azores)
- Diocese of Funchal (on Madeira)
- Diocese of Guarda
- Diocese of Leiria-Fátima
- Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco
- Diocese of Santarém
- Diocese of Setúbal.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Osbernus. "Osbernus: De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, 1147 [The Capture of Lisbon]". Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Fordham University. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014.
- ^ Johann Karl : Von Stadel (1712). Compendium geographiae ecclesiasticae universalis, in quo patriarchatuum, archi-&-episcopatuum, per totum orbem diffusorum modernus status exponitur, cum rebus notabilioribus provinciarum. Compositum ab abbate Joanne Carolo a Stadel . sumptibus auctoris. pp. 175–176.
- ^ Clemente, D. Manuel; Moreira Azevedo, D. Carlos (2009). Os Patriarcas de Lisboa. Alêtheia Editores. ISBN 9789896221652.
- ^ "Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa - Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo - DigitArq". digitarq.arquivos.pt. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 10.08.2023" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 10 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
Sources and external links
[edit]- GCatholic.org, with Google map – data for all sections
- Patriarch of Lisbon at catholic-hierarchy.org
- Official website (in Portuguese)
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte