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Changing short description from "8th-century Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury and saint" to "Archbishop of Canterbury from 760 to 764"
 
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{{Short description|Archbishop of Canterbury from 760 to 764}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
| name = Bregowine
| name = Bregowine
| title = Archbishop of Canterbury
| title = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
| image =
| image =
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
⚫
| appointed =760
| province = [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]]
| diocese = [[Diocese of Canterbury]]
⚫
| see = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
⚫
| appointed =759
| ended = 764
| ended = 764
| predecessor = [[Cuthbert of Canterbury|Cuthbert]]
| predecessor = [[Cuthbert of Canterbury|Cuthbert]]
| successor = [[Jænberht]]
| successor = [[Jænberht]]
| ordination =
| consecration = 27 September 761
| consecration = 27 September 761
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = August 764
| death_date = August 764
| death_place =
| buried = [[Canterbury]]
| buried = [[Canterbury]]
<!----------Sainthood---------->
| feast_day = 26 August
| feast_day = 26 August
| venerated = [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br>[[Roman Catholic Church]]<ref name=DNB/><br>[[Anglican Communion]]<ref name=ODS75/>
| venerated = {{hlist|[[Eastern Orthodox Church]] | [[Roman Catholic Church]]<ref name=DNB/> | [[Anglican Communion]]<ref name=ODS75/>}}
| canonized_date = [[Pre-congregation|Pre-Congregation]]
| canonized_date = [[Pre-congregation|Pre-Congregation]]
}}
}}


'''Bregowine''' (or '''Bregwine'''<ref name=ODS75>Farmer ''Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' p. 75</ref> or '''Bregwin''';<ref name=DNB/> died August 764) was a medieval [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. Little is known of his origins or his activities as archbishop, although a number of stories were told about his possible origins after the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest]] in 1066. There are no records of him prior to his becoming archbishop. He possibly owed his elevation to the [[List of monarchs of Kent|Kentish monarch]]. The records after his elevation to Canterbury are mainly about disputes over land, but knowledge of his time in office is hampered by the destruction of many of the contemporary records. After his death, he was [[Pre-congregation|considered]] a [[saint]] and a [[hagiography|life]] about him was written in the 12th&nbsp;century.
'''Bregowine'''{{efn|Sometimes '''Bregwine'''<ref name=ODS75>Farmer ''Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' p. 75</ref> or '''Bregwin'''<ref name=DNB/>}} (died August 764) was a medieval [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. Little is known of his origins or his activities as archbishop, although a number of stories were told about his possible origins after the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest]] in 1066. There are no records of him prior to his becoming archbishop. He possibly owed his elevation to the [[List of monarchs of Kent|Kentish monarch]]. The records after his elevation to Canterbury are mainly about disputes over land, but knowledge of his time in office is hampered by the destruction of many of the contemporary records. After his death, he was [[Pre-congregation|considered]] a [[saint]] and a [[hagiography|life]] about him was written in the 12th&nbsp;century.


==Life==
==Life==
Line 32: Line 26:
Various stories have been told about Bregowine's origins, including that he was a nobleman and a continental Saxon who converted to Christianity and came to [[Canterbury]] because of the saintly reputation of [[Theodore of Tarsus]]. Others say that he owed his elevation to King [[Æthelbert II of Kent]], but all these stories rest on works that were written after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. There are no contemporary records of Bregowine before he was [[archbishop]]. It does not appear, however, that he was of Mercian origins like his predecessors [[Tatwin]] and [[Nothhelm]].<ref name=DNB>Williams "Bregowine" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>
Various stories have been told about Bregowine's origins, including that he was a nobleman and a continental Saxon who converted to Christianity and came to [[Canterbury]] because of the saintly reputation of [[Theodore of Tarsus]]. Others say that he owed his elevation to King [[Æthelbert II of Kent]], but all these stories rest on works that were written after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. There are no contemporary records of Bregowine before he was [[archbishop]]. It does not appear, however, that he was of Mercian origins like his predecessors [[Tatwin]] and [[Nothhelm]].<ref name=DNB>Williams "Bregowine" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>


Whatever his upbringing, he was consecrated as archbishop on 27&nbsp;September&nbsp;761.<ref name=Handbook214>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 214</ref> His election took place in a brief period when [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]] was free of [[Kingdom of Mercia|Mercian]] dominance between 756 and 764, so the story that he owed his election to Æthelbert does fit with the time frame.<ref name=Brooks80>Brooks ''Early History of the Church of Canterbury'' p. 80</ref> He wrote letters to Archbishop [[Lullus|Lul]] of [[Mainz]] which still exist, and which discuss an earlier meeting between the two men. Other activities as archbishop are recorded in surviving [[charter]]s. One records that he protested at the loss of a church at [[Cookham]] that was confiscated by King [[Cynewulf of Wessex]] sometime after 760. Another surviving charter from Dunwald, a [[thegn]] of King Æthelbert, concerning land in Canterbury, records that Bregowine consented to the gift of land. Unfortunately, many of the early charters of the [[diocese of Canterbury]] are lost, which restricts knowledge of Bregowine's activities as archbishop.<ref name=DNB/>
Whatever his upbringing, Bregowine was consecrated as archbishop on 27&nbsp;September&nbsp;761.<ref name=Handbook214>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 214</ref> His election took place in a brief period when [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]] was free of [[Kingdom of Mercia|Mercian]] dominance between 756 and 764, so the story that he owed his election to Æthelbert does fit with the time frame.<ref name=Brooks80>Brooks ''Early History of the Church of Canterbury'' p. 80</ref> He wrote letters to Archbishop [[Lullus|Lul]] of [[Mainz]] which still exist, and which discuss an earlier meeting between the two men. Other activities as archbishop are recorded in surviving [[charter]]s. One records that he protested at the loss of a church at [[Cookham]] that was confiscated by King [[Cynewulf of Wessex]] sometime after 760. Another surviving charter from Dunwald, a [[thegn]] of King Æthelbert, concerning land in Canterbury, records that Bregowine consented to the gift of land. Unfortunately, many of the early charters of the [[diocese of Canterbury]] are lost, which restricts knowledge of Bregowine's activities as archbishop.<ref name=DNB/>


He died in 764<ref name=Handbook214/> and was originally buried in the baptistry in Canterbury, but his remains were moved to the [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Canterbury Cathedral]] in 1123. This followed an attempt in around 1121 to remove his remains to another monastery, which came to nothing.<ref name=DNB/> The remains were placed by the altar of St Gregory in the south [[transept]], after having been briefly placed in the north transept.<ref name=ODS75/> Bregowine was later [[Pre-congregation|considered]] a saint, with a feast day of 26&nbsp;August, although [[Florence of Worcester]], a 12th-century writer, recorded his death date as 24&nbsp;August.<ref name=ODS75/> Other sources record the death date as 25&nbsp;August. His life was later written by [[Eadmer]] in the 12th&nbsp;century.<ref name=DNB/>
Bregowine died in 764<ref name=Handbook214/> and was originally buried in the baptistry in Canterbury, but his remains were moved to the [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Canterbury Cathedral]] in 1123. This followed an attempt in around 1121 to remove his remains to another monastery, which came to nothing.<ref name=DNB/> The remains were placed by the altar of St Gregory in the south [[transept]], after having been briefly placed in the north transept.<ref name=ODS75/> Bregowine was later [[Pre-congregation|considered]] a saint, with a feast day of 26&nbsp;August, although [[Florence of Worcester]], a 12th-century writer, recorded his death date as 24&nbsp;August.<ref name=ODS75/> Other sources record the death date as 25&nbsp;August. His life was later written by [[Eadmer]] in the 12th&nbsp;century.<ref name=DNB/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==Citations==
==Citations==
Line 41: Line 38:
==References==
==References==
{{refbegin|60em}}
{{refbegin|60em}}
* {{cite book |author=Brooks, Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Brooks |title=The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 |publisher=Leicester University Press |location=London |year=1984 |isbn=0-7185-0041-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Brooks, Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Brooks (historian) |title=The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 |publisher=Leicester University Press |location=London |year=1984 |isbn=0-7185-0041-5 }}
* {{cite book| author=Farmer, David Hugh |title=Oxford Dictionary of Saints |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |edition=Fifth |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 978-0-19-860949-0}}
* {{cite book| author=Farmer, David Hugh |title=Oxford Dictionary of Saints |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |edition=Fifth |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 978-0-19-860949-0}}
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Williams, Ann |authorlink=Ann Williams (historian) |title=Bregowine (d. 764)|encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher= Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3310 | accessdate= 7 November 2007| doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/3310 |format= {{ODNBsub}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Williams, Ann |author-link=Ann Williams (historian) |title=Bregowine (d. 764)|encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher= Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3310 | access-date= 7 November 2007| doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/3310 }} {{ODNBsub}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{PASE|5038|Bregowine 1}}
* [http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/DisplayPerson.jsp?personKey=5038 Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England Entry for Bregowine]
* http://catholiconline.com/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1830


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-rel| [[Christianity|Christian]] titles }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Cuthbert of Canterbury|Cuthbert]] }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Cuthbert of Canterbury|Cuthbert]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] | years=759–764}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] | years=760–764}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Jænberht]] }}
{{s-aft| after=[[Jænberht]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}
{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Good article}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2017}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Persondata
|NAME= Bregowine
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Bregwin
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Archbishop of Canterbury
|DATE OF BIRTH=
|PLACE OF BIRTH=
|DATE OF DEATH=764
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bregowine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bregowine}}
[[Category:Kentish saints]]
[[Category:Kentish saints]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:8th-century archbishops]]
[[Category:8th-century archbishops]]
[[Category:8th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:8th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:764 deaths]]
[[Category:764 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:8th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:8th-century English writers]]
[[Category:Letter writers in Latin]]

Latest revision as of 11:20, 26 October 2024

Saint

Bregowine
Archbishop of Canterbury
Appointed760
Term ended764
PredecessorCuthbert
SuccessorJænberht
Orders
Consecration27 September 761
Personal details
DiedAugust 764
BuriedCanterbury
Sainthood
Feast day26 August
Venerated in
CanonizedPre-Congregation

Bregowine[a] (died August 764) was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury. Little is known of his origins or his activities as archbishop, although a number of stories were told about his possible origins after the Norman conquest in 1066. There are no records of him prior to his becoming archbishop. He possibly owed his elevation to the Kentish monarch. The records after his elevation to Canterbury are mainly about disputes over land, but knowledge of his time in office is hampered by the destruction of many of the contemporary records. After his death, he was considered a saint and a life about him was written in the 12th century.

Life

[edit]

Various stories have been told about Bregowine's origins, including that he was a nobleman and a continental Saxon who converted to Christianity and came to Canterbury because of the saintly reputation of Theodore of Tarsus. Others say that he owed his elevation to King Æthelbert II of Kent, but all these stories rest on works that were written after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. There are no contemporary records of Bregowine before he was archbishop. It does not appear, however, that he was of Mercian origins like his predecessors Tatwin and Nothhelm.[1]

Whatever his upbringing, Bregowine was consecrated as archbishop on 27 September 761.[3] His election took place in a brief period when Kent was free of Mercian dominance between 756 and 764, so the story that he owed his election to Æthelbert does fit with the time frame.[4] He wrote letters to Archbishop Lul of Mainz which still exist, and which discuss an earlier meeting between the two men. Other activities as archbishop are recorded in surviving charters. One records that he protested at the loss of a church at Cookham that was confiscated by King Cynewulf of Wessex sometime after 760. Another surviving charter from Dunwald, a thegn of King Æthelbert, concerning land in Canterbury, records that Bregowine consented to the gift of land. Unfortunately, many of the early charters of the diocese of Canterbury are lost, which restricts knowledge of Bregowine's activities as archbishop.[1]

Bregowine died in 764[3] and was originally buried in the baptistry in Canterbury, but his remains were moved to the choir of Canterbury Cathedral in 1123. This followed an attempt in around 1121 to remove his remains to another monastery, which came to nothing.[1] The remains were placed by the altar of St Gregory in the south transept, after having been briefly placed in the north transept.[2] Bregowine was later considered a saint, with a feast day of 26 August, although Florence of Worcester, a 12th-century writer, recorded his death date as 24 August.[2] Other sources record the death date as 25 August. His life was later written by Eadmer in the 12th century.[1]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Sometimes Bregwine[2] or Bregwin[1]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Williams "Bregowine" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. ^ a b c d Farmer Oxford Dictionary of Saints p. 75
  3. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 214
  4. ^ Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 80

References

[edit]
  • Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0041-5.
  • Farmer, David Hugh (2004). Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Fifth ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0.
  • Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  • Williams, Ann (2004). "Bregowine (d. 764)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3310. Retrieved 7 November 2007. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
[edit]
Christian titles
Preceded by Archbishop of Canterbury
760–764 		Succeeded by


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