Vienna Basin: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Sedimentary basin in Central Europe}} |
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[[File:Wiener Blick Panorama.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Wiener Blick Panorama.jpg|thumb|upright=1.95|View over Vienna from [[Lainzer Tiergarten]]]] |
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The '''Vienna Basin'''<ref>Rees, Henry (1974). ''Italy, Switzerland and Austria. A Geographical Study.'' Harrap, London, ISBN |
The '''Vienna Basin'''<ref>Rees, Henry (1974). ''Italy, Switzerland and Austria. A Geographical Study.'' Harrap, London, {{ISBN|0-245-51993-9}}.</ref> ({{langx|de|Wiener Becken}}, {{langx|cs|Vídeňská pánev}}, {{langx|sk|Viedenská kotlina}}, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Bécsi-medence'') is a geologically young tectonic burial basin and [[sedimentary basin]] in the seam area between the [[Alps]], the [[Carpathians]] and the [[Pannonian Plain]]. Although it topographically separates the Alps from the [[Western Carpathians]], it connects them geologically via corresponding rocks underground. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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The fairly level area has the shape of a [[spindle (textiles)|spindle]], over an area of {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} by {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}. In the north it stretches up to the [[ |
The fairly level area has the shape of a [[spindle (textiles)|spindle]],{{clarify|date=July 2021}} over an area of {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} by {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}. In the north it stretches up to the [[Marchfeld]] plateau beyond the [[Danube]] River. In the southeast, the [[Leitha Mountains]] separate it from the [[Little Hungarian Plain]]. In the west, it borders on the [[Gutenstein Alps]] and [[Vienna Woods]] mountain ranges of the [[Northern Limestone Alps]]. The Danube enters the basin at the Vienna Gate [[water gap]] near Mt. [[Leopoldsberg]], it leaves at [[Devín Gate]] in the [[Little Carpathians]] east of [[Hainburg an der Donau|Hainburg]]. |
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From the late 12th century onwards, the fortresses of [[Wiener Neustadt]] and Hainburg were erected at the southeastern and eastern rim as a defensive wall against attacks from the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] lands downstream the Danube River. Nevertheless the forces of King [[Matthias Corvinus]] entered the Vienna Basin during the [[Austrian-Hungarian War (1477–1488)|Austrian-Hungarian War]] in 1485 to begin the [[Siege of Vienna (1485)|Siege of Vienna]]. It was again invaded by [[Ottoman wars in Europe|Ottoman]] troops, who besieged the city in [[Siege of Vienna|1529]] and [[Battle of Vienna|1683]]. |
From the late 12th century onwards, the fortresses of [[Wiener Neustadt]] and Hainburg were erected at the southeastern and eastern rim as a defensive wall against attacks from the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] lands downstream the Danube River. Nevertheless, the forces of King [[Matthias Corvinus]] entered the Vienna Basin during the [[Austrian-Hungarian War (1477–1488)|Austrian-Hungarian War]] in 1485 to begin the [[Siege of Vienna (1485)|Siege of Vienna]]. It was again invaded by [[Ottoman wars in Europe|Ottoman]] troops, who besieged the city in [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|1529]] and [[Battle of Vienna|1683]]. |
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==Structuring== |
==Structuring== |
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[[ |
[[File:Chvojnica hills near Unin.jpg|thumb|Chvojnice Hills in Slovakia]] |
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More than 80% of the basin area |
More than 80% of the basin area belongs to the Austrian states of [[Lower Austria]] and [[Vienna]]. The northern parts on the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] (''March'') and [[Thaya]] rivers are part of the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]. Along the southern and western rim, [[Geothermal gradient|geothermal]] and [[mineral water]] [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] occur in several [[spa town]]s such as [[Baden bei Wien|Baden]], [[Bad Vöslau]] and [[Bad Fischau-Brunn]]. |
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Parts: |
Parts: |
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*Vienna Basin proper. The part within the Czech Republic is called ''Dolnomoravský úval'' (Lower |
*Vienna Basin proper. The part within the Czech Republic is called ''Dolnomoravský úval'' ([[Lower Morava Valley]]), whilst that within Slovakia is called ''Borská nížina'' (Bor Lowland, part of the [[Záhorie]] region) |
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*[[ |
*[[Marchfeld]] (''Moravské pole'') in Lower Austria |
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*[[Chvojnice Hills]] (''Chvojnická pahorkatina'') in Slovakia. |
*[[Chvojnice Hills]] (''Chvojnická pahorkatina'') in Slovakia. |
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==Geology== |
==Geology== |
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The Vienna Basin formations are a series of [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary layers]] that were deposited in the [[Neogene]]. It |
The Vienna Basin formations are a series of [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary layers]] that were deposited in the [[Neogene]]. It is situated on top of the Alpine fold and thrust belt, located at the junction between |
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the Eastern Alps, the Carpathians, and the Pannonian Basin system. The Vienna Basin has been influenced by the evolution of each of these geologic systems.<ref>Plašienka, D., Grecula, P., Putiš, M., Kováč, M. a Hovorka, D., 1997: ''Evolution and structure of the Western Carpathians: an overview.'' Mineralia Slovaca - Monograph, Košice, s. 1 – 24</ref> The basin is characterized by four distinct tectonic phases; (1) Early [[Miocene]] [[piggyback basin]], (2) Middle–Late Miocene [[pull-apart basin]], (3) Late Miocene–[[Pliocene]] compression and basin inversion, and (4) [[Quaternary]] basin formation.<ref> {{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Eun Young |last2=Wagreich |first2=Michael |date=2017-03-01 |title=Polyphase tectonic subsidence evolution of the Vienna Basin inferred from quantitative subsidence analysis of the northern and central parts |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1329-9 |journal=International Journal of Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=687–705 |doi=10.1007/s00531-016-1329-9 |issn=1437-3262|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref> Lee, E.Y. and Wagreich, M. (2016) "3D visualization of the sedimentary fill and subsidence evolution in the northern and central Vienna Basin (Miocene)" Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 109/2, 241-251, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittGeolGes_109_2_0241-0251.pdf</ref> The basin has been studied intensively starting with classical paleontological–stratigraphical papers and then continuing since the beginning of [[hydrocarbon exploration]] more than 100 years ago. The Vienna Basin fault system on which the basin lies remains seismically active. Significant earthquakes that propagated across the Vienna Basin include the [[1590 Neulengbach earthquake|Neulengbach earthquake]] of 1590, and the strong [[earthquake]] that hit [[Carnuntum]] in the mid-4th century. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Vienna Basin}} |
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* [http://www.weinvierteldac.at/rte/upload/geologie/geol.karte_geol._map_weinviertel_2006_150dpi.gif "Simplified Geological Map of the Weinviertel region"] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926105415/http://www.weinvierteldac.at/rte/upload/geologie/geol.karte_geol._map_weinviertel_2006_150dpi.gif "Simplified Geological Map of the Weinviertel region"] |
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{{coord|48|12|20|N|16|22|26|E|region:AT-3/AT-9_type:mountain_source:dewiki|display=title}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Geology of Austria]] |
[[Category:Geology of Austria]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:27, 27 October 2024
The Vienna Basin[1] (German: Wiener Becken, Czech: Vídeňská pánev, Slovak: Viedenská kotlina, Hungarian: Bécsi-medence) is a geologically young tectonic burial basin and sedimentary basin in the seam area between the Alps, the Carpathians and the Pannonian Plain. Although it topographically separates the Alps from the Western Carpathians, it connects them geologically via corresponding rocks underground.
Geography
[edit]The fairly level area has the shape of a spindle,[clarification needed] over an area of 50 km (31 mi) by 200 km (120 mi). In the north it stretches up to the Marchfeld plateau beyond the Danube River. In the southeast, the Leitha Mountains separate it from the Little Hungarian Plain. In the west, it borders on the Gutenstein Alps and Vienna Woods mountain ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps. The Danube enters the basin at the Vienna Gate water gap near Mt. Leopoldsberg, it leaves at Devín Gate in the Little Carpathians east of Hainburg.
From the late 12th century onwards, the fortresses of Wiener Neustadt and Hainburg were erected at the southeastern and eastern rim as a defensive wall against attacks from the Hungarian lands downstream the Danube River. Nevertheless, the forces of King Matthias Corvinus entered the Vienna Basin during the Austrian-Hungarian War in 1485 to begin the Siege of Vienna. It was again invaded by Ottoman troops, who besieged the city in 1529 and 1683.
Structuring
[edit]
More than 80% of the basin area belongs to the Austrian states of Lower Austria and Vienna. The northern parts on the Morava (March) and Thaya rivers are part of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Along the southern and western rim, geothermal and mineral water springs occur in several spa towns such as Baden, Bad Vöslau and Bad Fischau-Brunn.
Parts:
- Vienna Basin proper. The part within the Czech Republic is called Dolnomoravský úval (Lower Morava Valley), whilst that within Slovakia is called Borská nížina (Bor Lowland, part of the Záhorie region)
- Marchfeld (Moravské pole) in Lower Austria
- Chvojnice Hills (Chvojnická pahorkatina) in Slovakia.
The Bor Lowland and Chvojnice Hills are known collectively as Záhorská nížina (Záhorie Lowland).
Geology
[edit]The Vienna Basin formations are a series of sedimentary layers that were deposited in the Neogene. It is situated on top of the Alpine fold and thrust belt, located at the junction between the Eastern Alps, the Carpathians, and the Pannonian Basin system. The Vienna Basin has been influenced by the evolution of each of these geologic systems.[2] The basin is characterized by four distinct tectonic phases; (1) Early Miocene piggyback basin, (2) Middle–Late Miocene pull-apart basin, (3) Late Miocene–Pliocene compression and basin inversion, and (4) Quaternary basin formation.[3][4] The basin has been studied intensively starting with classical paleontological–stratigraphical papers and then continuing since the beginning of hydrocarbon exploration more than 100 years ago. The Vienna Basin fault system on which the basin lies remains seismically active. Significant earthquakes that propagated across the Vienna Basin include the Neulengbach earthquake of 1590, and the strong earthquake that hit Carnuntum in the mid-4th century.
References
[edit]- ^ Rees, Henry (1974). Italy, Switzerland and Austria. A Geographical Study. Harrap, London, ISBN 0-245-51993-9.
- ^ Plašienka, D., Grecula, P., Putiš, M., Kováč, M. a Hovorka, D., 1997: Evolution and structure of the Western Carpathians: an overview. Mineralia Slovaca - Monograph, Košice, s. 1 – 24
- ^ Lee, Eun Young; Wagreich, Michael (2017-03-01). "Polyphase tectonic subsidence evolution of the Vienna Basin inferred from quantitative subsidence analysis of the northern and central parts". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 106 (2): 687–705. doi:10.1007/s00531-016-1329-9. ISSN 1437-3262.
- ^ Lee, E.Y. and Wagreich, M. (2016) "3D visualization of the sedimentary fill and subsidence evolution in the northern and central Vienna Basin (Miocene)" Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 109/2, 241-251, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittGeolGes_109_2_0241-0251.pdf
External links
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48°12′20″N 16°22′26″E / 48.20556°N 16.37389°E
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