Cyrillization of Polish: Difference between revisions
Dušan Kreheľ (talk | contribs) |
|||
(29 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Orthographic transcription of Polish into languages using Cyrillic script}} |
|||
The '''Cyrillization of Polish''' has been practised in many forms and began in the mid-19th century in the Russian Empire. Between 1772 and 1815, the Russian Empire seized about four fifths of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland-Lithuania]], where Polish was the leading official language. [[Polonization|Polish remained the official language of the incorporated Polish-Lithuanian territories]] until the late 1830s. Later, it was gradually [[Russification|replaced with Russian]] through the mid-1860s. A middle stage for the transition was the use of the [[:ru:Польская кириллица|Russian-style Cyrillic for writing Polish]].<ref>cf [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Гильфердинг_А.Ф._-_Общеславянская_азбука_(1871).djvu А. Ф. Гильфердинга.1871. "Общеславянская азбука с приложением образцов славянских наречий". Санкт-Петербург.]</ref> |
|||
The '''Cyrillization of Polish''' has been practised in many forms and began in the mid-19th century in the [[Russian Empire]]. Between 1772 and 1815, the Russian Empire seized about four-fifths of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland-Lithuania]], where [[Polish language|Polish]] was the leading official language. [[Polonization|Polish remained the official language of the incorporated Polish-Lithuanian territories]] until the late 1830s. Later, it was fully [[Russification|replaced with Russian]] in the mid-1860s. A middle stage for the transition was the use of the [[:ru:Польская кириллица|Russian-style Cyrillic for writing Polish]].<ref>cf [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Гильфердинг_А.Ф._-_Общеславянская_азбука_(1871).djvu А. Ф. Гильфердинга.1871. "Общеславянская азбука с приложением образцов славянских наречий". Санкт-Петербург.]</ref> |
|||
== Polish Cyrillic used in the 1860s == |
|||
== Russian Cyrillization of Polish == |
|||
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6FeAAAAcAAJ |title=Элементаръ для дзеци вейскихъ. СПб., 1865 |date=1865 |access-date=2016-02-22 |archive-date=2021-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110103545/https://books.google.ru/books?id=i6FeAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
{| class=standard cellpadding=5 style="font-size: 1.3em; line-height: 2.5em; text-align: center;" |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | А а<br><span style="color:grey">A a</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Б б<br><span style="color:grey">B b</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | В в<br><span style="color:grey">W w</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Г г<br><span style="color:grey">G g</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Д д<br><span style="color:grey">D d</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Е е<br><span style="color:grey">Ie ie</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ё ё<br><span style="color:grey">Io io</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ж ж<br><span style="color:grey">Ż ż</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | З з<br><span style="color:grey">Z z</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | И и<br><span style="color:grey">I i</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | I i<br><span style="color:grey">I i</span> |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | К к<br><span style="color:grey">K k</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Л л<br><span style="color:grey">L l</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | М м<br><span style="color:grey">M m</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Н н<br><span style="color:grey">N n</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | О о<br><span style="color:grey">O o</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | О̂ о̂<br><span style="color:grey">Ó ó</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | П п<br><span style="color:grey">P p</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Р р<br><span style="color:grey">R r</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Р̌ р̌<br><span style="color:grey">Rz rz</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | С с<br><span style="color:grey">S s</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Т т<br><span style="color:grey">T t</span> |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | У у<br><span style="color:grey">U u</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ф ф<br><span style="color:grey">F f</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Х х<br><span style="color:grey">Ch ch</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Х̾ х̾<br><span style="color:grey">H h</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ц ц<br><span style="color:grey">C c</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ч ч<br><span style="color:grey">Cz cz</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ш ш<br><span style="color:grey">Sz sz</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Щ щ<br><span style="color:grey">Szcz szcz</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ъ ъ<br><span style="color:grey">-</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ы ы<br><span style="color:grey">Y y</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ь ь<br><span style="color:grey">-</span> |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Э э<br><span style="color:grey">E e</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ю ю<br><span style="color:grey">Iu iu</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Ю̂ ю̂<br><span style="color:grey">Ió ió</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Я я<br><span style="color:grey">Ia ia</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Й й<br><span style="color:grey">J j</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | А̨ а̨<br><span style="color:grey">Ą ą</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Я̨ я̨<br><span style="color:grey">Ią ią</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Э̨ э̨<br><span style="color:grey">Ę ę</span> |
|||
| style="width:3em;" | Е̨ е̨<br><span style="color:grey">Ię ię</span> |
|||
|} |
|||
Example of text:<ref>Źródło: ''Historia 2. Czasy nowożytne. Zakres podstawowy'', Bogumiła Burda i inni, OPERON, 2003, zdjęcie na str. 337.</ref> |
|||
The system of the [[:ru:Польско-русская практическая транскрипция|Cyrillization of Polish, as employed in today's Russia]], emerged during the 1970s in the postwar Soviet Union. It is a form of [[Orthographic transcription|transcription]].<ref>[https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/21-upr/Инструкция%20по%20русской%20передаче%20географических%20названий%20Польши.pdf А. 3. Скрипниченко and Н. К. Тарасюк. ''Инструкция по русской передаче географических названий Польши''. Moscow: Nauka.]</ref> |
|||
{|class="wikitable |
|||
! Cyrillic script |
|||
! Latin script |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;" |
|||
|<poem> |
|||
Поврôтъ Таты, пp̌езъ А. Мицкевича |
|||
«Пôйдзьце, о дзятки, пôйдзьце вшистке разэмъ |
|||
== New Polish Cyrillic == |
|||
За място, подъ слупъ на взгôрэкъ, |
|||
Тамъ пp̌едъ цудовнымъ клęкнийце образэмъ, |
|||
Побожне змôвце пацю̂рэкъ. |
|||
Тато не враца; ранки и вечоры |
|||
Since the early 1990s [[Polish language|Polish-language]] religious books produced for Catholics in western [[Belarus]] (i.e. [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grodno|Hrodno Diocese]]) have been published in the newly-devised Polish Cyrillic, which is largely based on the [[Russian alphabet|Russian form of this alphabet]].<ref>[https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/ch/article/view/ch.2019.006/4989 "The New Polish Cyrillic in Independent Belarus"]. [[Tomasz Kamusella]].''Colloquia Humanistica''. 2019. Vol 8. (pp 79–112).</ref> |
|||
Вэ Лзахъ го чекамъ и трводзэ; |
|||
Розлялы p̌еки, пэлнэ звеp̌а боры, |
|||
И пэлно збôйцôвъ на дродзэ». |
|||
Слышąцъ то дзятки бегнą вшистке разэмъ |
|||
== Jusowica == |
|||
За място, подъ слупъ на взгôрэкъ, |
|||
The alphabet that uses Old Church Slavonic "[[Yus]]" to convey Polish nasal vowels is called ''cyrylica polska'' or simply ''jusowica''.<ref name="multiple">[http://varpho.livejournal.com/157710.html ЮСОВИЦА — чыли цырылица пољска.]</ref> This version of Polish Cyrillic contains 46 letters. |
|||
Тамъ пp̌едъ цудовнымъ клęкая̨ образемъ, |
|||
И зачиная̨ пацю̂рэкъ. |
|||
Цалуя̨ земę, потэмъ: «Въ имę Ойца, |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
Сына и Духа свęтэго, |
|||
!colspan=3|ЮСОВИЦА чыли цырылица пољска<ref name="multiple" /> |
|||
Бąдзь похвалёна пp̌енайсьвęтша Трôйца |
|||
|- |
|||
Тэразъ и часу вшелькего»… |
|||
!colspan=3|{{lang-pl|JUSOWICA – czyli cyrylica polska}} |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|- |
|||
!colspan=2|Cyrillic |
|||
!Latin |
|||
|- |
|||
|А |
|||
|а |
|||
|a |
|||
|- |
|||
|Б |
|||
|б |
|||
|b |
|||
|- |
|||
|В |
|||
|в |
|||
|w |
|||
|- |
|||
|Г |
|||
|г |
|||
|g |
|||
|- |
|||
|Д |
|||
|д |
|||
|d |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ѕ]] |
|||
|s |
|||
|dz |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ђ]] |
|||
|ђ |
|||
|dź, dzi |
|||
|- |
|||
|Е |
|||
|е |
|||
|je, ie |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ё |
|||
|ё |
|||
|jo, io |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ж |
|||
|ж |
|||
|ż |
|||
|- |
|||
|З |
|||
|з |
|||
|z |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Һ]] |
|||
|һ |
|||
|h |
|||
|- |
|||
|И |
|||
|и |
|||
|i |
|||
|- |
|||
|Й |
|||
|й |
|||
|j |
|||
|- |
|||
|К |
|||
|к |
|||
|k |
|||
|- |
|||
|Л |
|||
|л |
|||
|ł |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Љ]] |
|||
|љ |
|||
|l |
|||
|- |
|||
|М |
|||
|м |
|||
|m |
|||
|- |
|||
|Н |
|||
|н |
|||
|n |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Њ]] |
|||
|њ |
|||
|ń |
|||
|- |
|||
|О |
|||
|о |
|||
|o |
|||
|- |
|||
|П |
|||
|п |
|||
|p |
|||
|- |
|||
|Р |
|||
|р |
|||
|r |
|||
|- |
|||
|Р̈ |
|||
|р̈ |
|||
|rz |
|||
|- |
|||
|С |
|||
|с |
|||
|s |
|||
|- |
|||
|Т |
|||
|т |
|||
|t |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ћ]] |
|||
|ћ |
|||
|ć, ci |
|||
|- |
|||
|У |
|||
|у |
|||
|u |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ф |
|||
|ф |
|||
|f |
|||
|- |
|||
|Х |
|||
|х |
|||
|ch |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Omega (Cyrillic)|Ѡ]] |
|||
|ѡ |
|||
|ó |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ц |
|||
|ц |
|||
|c |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ч |
|||
|ч |
|||
|cz |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Џ]] |
|||
|џ |
|||
|dż |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ш |
|||
|ш |
|||
|sz |
|||
|- |
|||
|Щ |
|||
|щ |
|||
|szcz |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ъ |
|||
|ъ |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ы |
|||
|ы |
|||
|y |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ь |
|||
|ь |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Э |
|||
|э |
|||
|e |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ю |
|||
|ю |
|||
|ju, iu |
|||
|- |
|||
|Я |
|||
|я |
|||
|ja, ia |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ѧ]] |
|||
|ѧ |
|||
|ę |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ѫ]] |
|||
|ѫ |
|||
|ą |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ѩ]] |
|||
|ѩ |
|||
|ję, ię |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ѭ]] |
|||
|ѭ |
|||
|ją, ią |
|||
|} |
|||
Examples of the use of a hard sign (ъ): ''съинус, лъикэнд''. |
|||
|<poem> |
|||
Examples of the use of a soft sign (ь): |
|||
Powrót Taty, przez A. Mickiewicza |
|||
«Pójdźcie, o dziatki, pójdźcie wszystkie razem |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
Za miasto, pod słup na wzgórek, |
|||
|- |
|||
Tam przed cudownym klęknijcie obrazem, |
|||
!colspan=2|Cyrillic |
|||
Pobożnie zmówcie paciórek. |
|||
!Latin |
|||
!Notes |
|||
Tato nie wraca; ranki i wieczory |
|||
|- |
|||
We łzach go czekam i trwodze; |
|||
|Сь |
|||
Rozlały rzeki, pełne zwierza bory, |
|||
|сь |
|||
I pełno zbójców na drodze». |
|||
|ś |
|||
| |
|||
Słysząc to dziatki biegą wszystkie razem, |
|||
|- |
|||
Za miasto, pod słup na wzgórek, |
|||
|Щь |
|||
Tam przed cudownym klękają obrazem |
|||
|щь |
|||
I zaczynają paciórek. |
|||
|ść |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Дь |
|||
|дь |
|||
|dź |
|||
|instead of ђ |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ль |
|||
|ль |
|||
|l |
|||
|instead of љ |
|||
|- |
|||
|Нь |
|||
|нь |
|||
|ń |
|||
|instead of њ |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ць |
|||
|ць |
|||
|ć |
|||
|instead of ћ |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ть |
|||
|ть |
|||
|ć |
|||
|instead of ћ, ць |
|||
|} |
|||
Całują ziemię, potem: «W imię Ojca, |
|||
== Sample words == |
|||
Syna i Ducha świętego, |
|||
{| class="wikitable collapsible" |
|||
Bądź pochwalona, przenajświętsza Trójca, |
|||
! [[Latin script]] |
|||
Teraz i czasu wszelkiego»… |
|||
! [[Cyrillic script]]<ref name="polishcyrillic"/> |
|||
</poem> |
|||
! [[English language|English]] translation |
|||
|- |
|||
| chłopiec |
|||
| хлопєц |
|||
| boy |
|||
|- |
|||
| dziękuję |
|||
| дѩкуѩ |
|||
| thank you |
|||
|- |
|||
| dzień dobry |
|||
| дєњ добри |
|||
| good morning |
|||
|- |
|||
| Gdańsk |
|||
| Гданьск |
|||
| [[Gdańsk]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| między |
|||
| мѩѕи |
|||
| between |
|||
|- |
|||
| polski |
|||
| поʌскі |
|||
| Polish |
|||
|- |
|||
| przeważający |
|||
| пр̌еважаѭци |
|||
| prevalent |
|||
|- |
|||
| Rosja |
|||
| Росъя |
|||
| Russia |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== Modern Cyrilisations of Polish == |
|||
== Sample texts == |
|||
=== Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 === |
|||
=== Russian cyrillic === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
The system of the [[:ru:Польско-русская практическая транскрипция|Cyrillization of Polish proper names, as employed in today's Russia]], emerged during the 1970s in the post-war [[Soviet Union]]. It is a form of [[orthographic transcription]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/21-upr/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8.pdf |title=А. 3. Скрипниченко and Н. К. Тарасюк. ''Инструкция по русской передаче географических названий Польши''. Moscow: Nauka. |access-date=2020-04-25 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305130145/https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/21-upr/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
! Latin script |
|||
! Cyrillic script (version 1)<ref name="polskicyrylica">https://omniglot.com/conscripts/polskizcyrylica.htm</ref> |
|||
Another form of Russian-based polish cyrilic has been in use since the early 1990s, in Polish-language religious books produced for [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] in [[Western Belorussia|western]] [[Belarus]] (i.e. [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grodno|Grodno Diocese]]).<ref>[https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/ch/article/view/ch.2019.006/4989 "The New Polish Cyrillic in Independent Belarus"]. [[Tomasz Kamusella]].''Colloquia Humanistica''. 2019. Vol 8. (pp 79–112).</ref> |
|||
! Cyrillic script (version 2)<ref name="polishcyrillic">https://omniglot.com/conscripts/polishcyrillic2.htm</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
The Lord's prayer: |
|||
| Wszyscy ludzie rodzą się wolni i równi w swojej godności i prawach. Są obdarzeni rozumem i sumieniem i powinni postępować wobec siebie w duchu braterstwa. |
|||
{{blockquote| Ойче наш, ктурысь ест в небе, свенць сен Имен Твое, пшийдзь Крулество Твое, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусць нам наше вины, яко и мы одпущамы нашим виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.}} |
|||
| Вшысцы лудзе родзѫ сиѧ волни и ро́вни в својеј ґодносˊци и правах. Сѫ обдарзэни розумэм и суменем и повинни постѧповаћ вобэц себе в духу братэрства. |
|||
| Вшисци ʌудє роѕѫ сѩ воʌні і ро́вні в своєй годнос́ці і правах. Сѫ обдар̌ені розумем і сумєнєм і повінні постѧповаћ вобец сєбє в духу братерства. |
|||
The Lord's prayer (Grodno variant): |
|||
|} |
|||
{{blockquote|{{lang|pl-Cyrl|Ойчэ наш, ктурысь ест в небе, сьвенць се Име Твое, пшыйдзь Крулество Твое, боньдзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашэго повшэднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусьць нам нашэ вины, яко и мы одпушчамы нашым виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушэне, але нас збав одэ злэго. Амэн.}}<ref>p 3 in: Крыштопік, Тадэвуш / Kryshtopik, Tadevush [=Krysztopik, Tadeusz]. 2015. ''Pacierz. Katechizm' [Prayers. Catechism] (4th edition). Гродно Hrodno [=Hrodna]: Гродзенская дыяцэзія Рымска-каталіцкага Касцёла ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь Hrodzienskaja dyjacezija Rymska-katalickaha Kascioła ŭ Respublicy Biełaruś''. {{ISBN|9789856940760}}.</ref>}} |
|||
=== Ukrainian Cyrillic === |
|||
Ukrainian cyrillic is mostly the same as Russian, except that и and ы are represented by і and и respectively. є is only used for je. |
|||
The Lord's prayer: |
|||
{{blockquote| Ойче наш, ктурись єст в небе, свенць сен Имен Твоє, пшийдзь Крулество Твоє, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так і на земі. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзісяй. І одпусць нам наше віни, яко і ми одпущами нашим віновайцом. І не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.}} |
|||
=== |
=== Serbian Cyrillic === |
||
I and Y are both represented by И. L and ł are both represented by Л. Ó, despite being pronounced as U, is represented by О. Ś and Ź are mostly represented by С and З, although Ш and Ж are rarely used. |
|||
In Polish Cyrillic: |
|||
{{blockquote|{{lang|pol-Cyrl|Ойчэ наш, ктурысь ест в небе, сьвенць се Име Твое, пшыйдзь Крулество Твое, боньдзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашэго повшэднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусьць нам нашэ вины, яко и мы одпушчамы нашым виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушэне, але нас збав одэ злэго. Амэн.}}<ref>p 3 in: Крыштопік, Тадэвуш / Kryshtopik, Tadevush [=Krysztopik, Tadeusz]. 2015. ''Pacierz. Katechizm' [Prayers. Catechism] (4th edition). Гродно Hrodno [=Hrodna]: Гродзенская дыяцэзія Рымска-каталіцкага Касцёла ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь Hrodzienskaja dyjacezija Rymska-katalickaha Kascioła ŭ Respublicy Biełaruś''. {{ISBN|9789856940760}}.</ref>}} |
|||
The Lord's prayer: |
|||
In the Polish Latin alphabet: |
|||
{{blockquote| Ојче наш, кторис јест в њебјесех, свјенћ сен имјен твоје; пжијџ крулество твоје, бонџ вола твоја, јако в њебје так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшедњего дај нам ђисај, и одпусћ нам наше вини, јако и ми одпушчами нашим виновајцом. И ње воџ нас в покушење, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.}} |
|||
{{blockquote|{{lang|pol|Ojcze nasz, któryś jest w niebie, święć się Imię Twoje, przyjdź Królestwo Twoje, bądź wola Twoja, jako w niebie tak i na ziemi. Chleba naszego powszedniego daj nam dzisiaj. I odpuść nam nasze winy, jako i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcom. I nie wódź nas na pokuszenie, ale nas zbaw ode złego. Amen.}}}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
Line 315: | Line 138: | ||
[[Category:Cyrillization|Polish]] |
[[Category:Cyrillization|Polish]] |
||
[[Category:Polish language]] |
[[Category:Polish language]] |
||
[[Category:Language policy]] |
Latest revision as of 08:11, 28 October 2024
The Cyrillization of Polish has been practised in many forms and began in the mid-19th century in the Russian Empire. Between 1772 and 1815, the Russian Empire seized about four-fifths of Poland-Lithuania, where Polish was the leading official language. Polish remained the official language of the incorporated Polish-Lithuanian territories until the late 1830s. Later, it was fully replaced with Russian in the mid-1860s. A middle stage for the transition was the use of the Russian-style Cyrillic for writing Polish.[1]
Polish Cyrillic used in the 1860s
[edit]Source:[2]
А а A a |
Б б B b |
В в W w |
Г г G g |
Д д D d |
Е е Ie ie |
Ё ё Io io |
Ж ж Ż ż |
З з Z z |
И и I i |
I i I i |
К к K k |
Л л L l |
М м M m |
Н н N n |
О о O o |
О̂ о̂ Ó ó |
П п P p |
Р р R r |
Р̌ р̌ Rz rz |
С с S s |
Т т T t |
У у U u |
Ф ф F f |
Х х Ch ch |
Х̾ х̾ H h |
Ц ц C c |
Ч ч Cz cz |
Ш ш Sz sz |
Щ щ Szcz szcz |
Ъ ъ - |
Ы ы Y y |
Ь ь - |
Э э E e |
Ю ю Iu iu |
Ю̂ ю̂ Ió ió |
Я я Ia ia |
Й й J j |
А̨ а̨ Ą ą |
Я̨ я̨ Ią ią |
Э̨ э̨ Ę ę |
Е̨ е̨ Ię ię |
Example of text:[3]
Cyrillic script | Latin script |
---|---|
Поврôтъ Таты, пp̌езъ А. Мицкевича |
Powrót Taty, przez A. Mickiewicza |
Modern Cyrilisations of Polish
[edit]Russian cyrillic
[edit]The system of the Cyrillization of Polish proper names, as employed in today's Russia, emerged during the 1970s in the post-war Soviet Union. It is a form of orthographic transcription.[4]
Another form of Russian-based polish cyrilic has been in use since the early 1990s, in Polish-language religious books produced for Catholics in western Belarus (i.e. Grodno Diocese).[5]
The Lord's prayer:
Ойче наш, ктурысь ест в небе, свенць сен Имен Твое, пшийдзь Крулество Твое, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусць нам наше вины, яко и мы одпущамы нашим виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.
The Lord's prayer (Grodno variant):
Ойчэ наш, ктурысь ест в небе, сьвенць се Име Твое, пшыйдзь Крулество Твое, боньдзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашэго повшэднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусьць нам нашэ вины, яко и мы одпушчамы нашым виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушэне, але нас збав одэ злэго. Амэн.[6]
Ukrainian Cyrillic
[edit]Ukrainian cyrillic is mostly the same as Russian, except that и and ы are represented by і and и respectively. є is only used for je.
The Lord's prayer:
Ойче наш, ктурись єст в небе, свенць сен Имен Твоє, пшийдзь Крулество Твоє, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так і на земі. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзісяй. І одпусць нам наше віни, яко і ми одпущами нашим віновайцом. І не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.
Serbian Cyrillic
[edit]I and Y are both represented by И. L and ł are both represented by Л. Ó, despite being pronounced as U, is represented by О. Ś and Ź are mostly represented by С and З, although Ш and Ж are rarely used.
The Lord's prayer:
Ојче наш, кторис јест в њебјесех, свјенћ сен имјен твоје; пжијџ крулество твоје, бонџ вола твоја, јако в њебје так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшедњего дај нам ђисај, и одпусћ нам наше вини, јако и ми одпушчами нашим виновајцом. И ње воџ нас в покушење, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.
References
[edit]- ^ cf А. Ф. Гильфердинга.1871. "Общеславянская азбука с приложением образцов славянских наречий". Санкт-Петербург.
- ^ "Элементаръ для дзеци вейскихъ. СПб., 1865". 1865. Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
- ^ Źródło: Historia 2. Czasy nowożytne. Zakres podstawowy, Bogumiła Burda i inni, OPERON, 2003, zdjęcie na str. 337.
- ^ "А. 3. Скрипниченко and Н. К. Тарасюк. Инструкция по русской передаче географических названий Польши. Moscow: Nauka" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
- ^ "The New Polish Cyrillic in Independent Belarus". Tomasz Kamusella.Colloquia Humanistica. 2019. Vol 8. (pp 79–112).
- ^ p 3 in: Крыштопік, Тадэвуш / Kryshtopik, Tadevush [=Krysztopik, Tadeusz]. 2015. Pacierz. Katechizm' [Prayers. Catechism] (4th edition). Гродно Hrodno [=Hrodna]: Гродзенская дыяцэзія Рымска-каталіцкага Касцёла ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь Hrodzienskaja dyjacezija Rymska-katalickaha Kascioła ŭ Respublicy Biełaruś. ISBN 9789856940760.