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m Adding a more complete (and not dead) reference for the US DOD definition.
 
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{{Short description|Military casualty classification used for deaths, includes accidents and illness}}
{{Short description|Military casualty classification used for deaths of personnel}}
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[[File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|thumb|The [[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]], near [[Colleville-sur-Mer]] in [[France]], honoring American troops who died in Europe during [[World War II]]]]
{{redirect|KIA|the automobile manufacturer|Kia|other uses|Kia (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}
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[[File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|thumb|The [[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]], near [[Colleville-sur-Mer]] in [[France]], honoring American troops who died in Europe during World War II]]


'''Killed in action''' ('''KIA''') is a [[Casualty (person)|casualty]] classification generally used by [[Military|militaries]] to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action|url=http://ww.dtc.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022355/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|archive-date=2012-09-27|access-date=2007-02-04}}</ref> The [[United States Department of Defense]], for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by [[friendly fire]] in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or terrorism. KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops. Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a {{font|text=†|font=Times|size=120%}} ([[Dagger (mark)|dagger]]) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events.
'''Killed in action''' ('''KIA''') is a [[Casualty (person)|casualty]] classification generally used by [[Military|militaries]] to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action|url=http://ww.dtc.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022355/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|archive-date=2012-09-27|access-date=2007-02-04}}</ref> The [[United States Department of Defense]], for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by [[friendly fire]] in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or [[terrorism]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Army Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/content/Army%20Casualty%20and%20Mortuary%20Affairs%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions#2|access-date=2024-11-06}}</ref> KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops.


Furthermore, the term '''died of wounds''' ('''DOW''') is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying.<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding Combat Casualty Care Statistics|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA480496.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020035329/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA480496.pdf|archive-date=2020-10-20|publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]]}}</ref> The category ''died of wounds received in action'' (''DWRIA'') is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation.<ref>{{cite web|title=DoD Instruction Number 1300.18|url=https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130018p.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126213738/https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130018p.pdf|archive-date=2019-01-26|publisher=[[Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency|DPAA]]}}</ref>
Further, KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas '''died of wounds''' ('''DOW''') relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility. The [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) also uses DWRIA, rather than DOW, for "died of wounds received in action".{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}


'''PKIA''' means '''presumed killed in action'''. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed [[missing in action]] (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg69/Pages/namesake.aspx|title=USS Milius — Named in honor of Navy pilot Captain Paul L. Milius|work=public.navy.mil|publisher=[[US Navy]]|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref> This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in [[World War I]], like [[John Kipling|the son]] of British poet [[Rudyard Kipling]], prompting the formation of the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]].<ref name="John">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Jonathan |title=The Great War and its aftermath: The son who haunted Kipling |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html |access-date=3 May 2018 |work=The Independent |date=28 August 2006}}</ref>
'''PKIA''' means '''presumed killed in action'''. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed [[missing in action]] (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg69/Pages/namesake.aspx|title=USS Milius — Named in honor of Navy pilot Captain Paul L. Milius|work=public.navy.mil|publisher=[[US Navy]]|access-date=10 January 2018|archive-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160258/http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg69/Pages/namesake.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in [[World War I]], like [[John Kipling]], the son of British poet [[Rudyard Kipling]], prompting the formation of the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]].<ref name="John">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Jonathan |title=The Great War and its aftermath: The son who haunted Kipling |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html |access-date=3 May 2018 |work=The Independent |date=28 August 2006 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503182230/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


== NATO definition ==
== NATO definition ==
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* [[Missing in action]] (MIA)
* [[Missing in action]] (MIA)
* [[Prisoner of war]] (POW)
* [[Prisoner of war]] (POW)
* ''[[Seppuku]]''
* [[Wounded in action]] (WIA)
* [[Wounded in action]] (WIA)



== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 18:50, 6 November 2024

The Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, near Colleville-sur-Mer in France, honoring American troops who died in Europe during World War II

Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action.[1] The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or terrorism.[2] KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops.

Furthermore, the term died of wounds (DOW) is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying.[3] The category died of wounds received in action (DWRIA) is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation.[4]

PKIA means presumed killed in action. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed missing in action (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived.[5] This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in World War I, like John Kipling, the son of British poet Rudyard Kipling, prompting the formation of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[6]

NATO definition

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NATO defines killed in action or a battle casualty as a combatant who is killed outright or who dies as a result of wounds or other injuries before reaching a medical treatment facility or help from fellow comrades.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action". Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
  2. ^ "Army Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  3. ^ "Understanding Combat Casualty Care Statistics" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-20.
  4. ^ "DoD Instruction Number 1300.18" (PDF). DPAA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-26.
  5. ^ "USS Milius — Named in honor of Navy pilot Captain Paul L. Milius". public.navy.mil. US Navy. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  6. ^ Brown, Jonathan (28 August 2006). "The Great War and its aftermath: The son who haunted Kipling". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  7. ^ AAP-06, NATO Glossary of terms and definitions (PDF), NATO, 2013, p. 123, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-03
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