Park Won-soon: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|South Korean politician (1955–2020)}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}} |
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{{family name hatnote|Park||lang=Korean}} |
{{family name hatnote|Park||lang=Korean}} |
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| office = [[Mayor of Seoul]] |
| office = [[Mayor of Seoul]] |
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| predecessor = [[Oh Se-hoon]] |
| predecessor = [[Oh Se-hoon]] |
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| successor = |
| successor = Oh Se-hoon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2021040802257|script-title=ko:오세훈·박형준 '당선' 野 압승...1년만에 180도 돌아선 민심|date = April 8, 2021}}</ref> |
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| term_start = October 27, 2011 |
| term_start = October 27, 2011 |
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| term_end = July 9, 2020 |
| term_end = July 9, 2020 |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|7|9|1955|2|11}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|7|9|1955|2|11}} |
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| death_place = [[Jongno District|Jongno]], [[Seoul]], South Korea |
| death_place = [[Jongno District|Jongno]], [[Seoul]], South Korea |
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| death_cause = [[Suicide]]<ref name="KT">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/356_292647.html |
| death_cause = [[Suicide]]<ref name="KT">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/356_292647.html|title=Mayor killed himself: police|date=July 10, 2020|publisher=[[The Korea Times]]|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref> |
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| spouse = Kang Nan-hee |
| spouse = Kang Nan-hee |
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| party = [[Democratic Party |
| party = [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)|Democratic]] |
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| alma_mater = [[Seoul National University]] (Expelled)<br>[[Dankook University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[London School of Economics]] ([[International law|Diploma]]) |
| alma_mater = [[Seoul National University]] (Expelled)<br />[[Dankook University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[London School of Economics]] ([[International law|Diploma]]) |
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| module = {{Infobox Korean name |
| module = {{Infobox Korean name |
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|hangul = |
|hangul = 박원순 |
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|hanja = |
|hanja = 朴元淳 |
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|rr = Bak Wonsun |
|rr = Bak Wonsun |
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|mr = Pak Wŏnsun |
|mr = Pak Wŏnsun |
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|child = yes}} |
|child = yes}} |
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| width = 220px |
| width = 220px |
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| signature = Park |
| signature = Park Won-soon signature 1.svg |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Park Won-soon''' ({{ |
'''Park Won-soon''' ({{langx|ko|박원순}}; February 11, 1955{{spnd}}July 9, 2020) was a South Korean politician, activist, and lawyer. He was the longest-serving [[mayor of Seoul]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seoul's Longest Serving Mayor Was Found Dead One Day After A Harassment Case Was Filed Against Him|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/bv8d8z/seoul-mayor-found-dead-one-day-after-harassment-case-filed|access-date=2020-07-10|website=www.vice.com|date=July 10, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> from 2011 until his death in July 2020. Being a member of the [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)|Democratic Party of Korea]], he was first [[2011 South Korean by-elections#Seoul mayoral election|elected]] in 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/10/26/seoul-residents-elect-liberal-novice-as-mayor/|title=Seoul Residents Elect Liberal Novice as Mayor|work=voanews.com|access-date=October 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526220832/http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/10/26/seoul-residents-elect-liberal-novice-as-mayor/|archive-date=May 26, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and won re-election in 2014 and 2018. |
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Prior to being elected mayor, Park was a community and social justice activist |
Prior to being elected as mayor, Park was a community and [[social justice]] activist, serving as a member of the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]]. He wrote many books on transitional justice as international human rights lawyer and worked as the chief prosecutor for both North and South Korea for the first time in The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery accusing the Showa Emperor. He was A noted political donor in [[Seoul]], Park contributed to political organizations and [[think tanks]] that advocated for [[grassroots fundraising|grassroots]] solutions towards social, educational, environmental, and political issues. As a mayor of Seoul, he was awarded for the first time in South Korea, Gothenburg Award for Sustainable Development for 'sharing city' and Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize, Singapore for changing the city into an inclusive, socially stable and innovative city. |
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In July 2020, |
In July 2020, Park's former secretary accused him of four years of [[sexual harassment]]; Park died the next day, in an apparent [[suicide]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Julia Hollingsworth, Gawon Bae and Yoonjung Seo|title=Seoul's mayor sexually harassed secretary before his death, report finds|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/27/asia/south-korea-mayor-sexual-harassment-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=CNN|date=January 27, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210125001163|title = Ex-Seoul Mayor Park sexually harassed secretary: Watchdog|date = January 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/world/asia/korea-mayor-seoul-sexual-harassment-secretary.html|title=South Korean Mayor Sexually Harassed Secretary, Report Finds|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 26, 2021|last1=May|first1=Tiffany|last2=Kim|first2=Youmi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/news-56426294|script-title=ko:박원순 성추행 피해자, '나의 회복 위해 용서하고 싶다'|newspaper = BBC News 코리아}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Park was born on March 26, 1956, in [[Changnyeong County|Changnyeong]], [[South Korea]].<ref name=LWY>{{cite web|url=https://www.leekuanyewworldcityprize.com.sg/about/prize-jury/prize-council/park-won-soon/|title=Biography – Park Won-soon|publisher=Lee Kuan Yew World City Price|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319222151/https://www.leekuanyewworldcityprize.com.sg/about/prize-jury/prize-council/park-won-soon/|archive-date=March 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He was enrolled at [[Kyunggi High School]] in 1971 and graduated in 1974.<ref name=LWY/> |
Park Won-soon was born on March 26, 1956, in [[Changnyeong County|Changnyeong]], [[First Republic of Korea|South Korea]].<ref name=LWY>{{cite web|url=https://www.leekuanyewworldcityprize.com.sg/about/prize-jury/prize-council/park-won-soon/|title=Biography – Park Won-soon|publisher=Lee Kuan Yew World City Price|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319222151/https://www.leekuanyewworldcityprize.com.sg/about/prize-jury/prize-council/park-won-soon/|archive-date=March 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He was enrolled at [[Kyunggi High School]] in 1971 and graduated in 1974.<ref name=LWY/> |
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At first, |
At first, Park went to earn his [[Bachelor of Arts]] at [[Seoul National University]], but was [[Expulsion (education)|expelled]] and detained for four months over a protest he held over the military dictatorship of [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Park Chung Hee]].<ref name=bio/> He later earned his Bachelor of Arts at [[Dankook University]].<ref name=bio/> Park earned his diploma in [[international law]] at the [[London School of Economics]] at [[University of London]] in 1991.<ref name=LWY/> |
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==Career== |
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Park worked as a public prosecutor in the Daegu District Court in [[Gyeongsang Province]] from 1982 to 1983.<ref name=LWY/> Returning to [[Seoul]] from [[Daegu]], he launched into private law practice. He worked as a human rights lawyer and defended many political activists in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name=bio/> |
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In 1993, |
In 1993, Park became a visiting research fellow in the Human Rights Program of the School of Law in [[Harvard University]].<ref name=bio/> In 1994, he was a principal founder of the nonprofit watchdog organization [[People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy]] (PSPD), which monitors government regulatory practices and fights [[political corruption]].<ref name=NYTmissing/> |
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In 2002, Park stepped down from PSPD to run The Beautiful Foundation, a philanthropic group that promotes volunteerism and community service and addresses issues of income inequality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub01/01.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317103343/https://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub01/01.jsp|url-status=dead|title=아름다운재단 홈페이지|archive-date=March 17, 2012|website=아름다운재단|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Beginning in 2005, Park served as part of South Korea's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] to address the history of human rights violations in Korean history from Japan's rule of Korea in 1910, up until the end of |
In 2002, Park stepped down from PSPD to run The Beautiful Foundation, a [[philanthropy|philanthropic]] group that promotes volunteerism and community service and addresses issues of [[income inequality]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub01/01.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317103343/https://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub01/01.jsp|url-status=dead|script-title=ko:아름다운재단 홈페이지|archive-date=March 17, 2012|website=아름다운재단|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Beginning in 2005, Park served as part of South Korea's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] to address the history of human rights violations in Korean history from [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japan's rule of Korea]] in 1910, up until the end of authoritarian rule in South Korea with the election of President [[Kim Young-sam]] in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ias.umn.edu/2009/09/10/park-won-soon/ |title='University of Minnesota, Institute for Advanced Study – 'Bringing Justice to an Unjustified Past in Korea |access-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228225414/http://ias.umn.edu/2009/09/10/park-won-soon/ |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2006, as an offshoot of The Beautiful Foundation, Park founded the Hope Institute, a [[think tank]] designed to promote solutions arising from grassroots suggestions for social, educational, environmental, and political problems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub07/04_03.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814202441/http://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub07/04_03.jsp|url-status=dead|script-title=ko:아름다운재단 홈페이지|archive-date=August 14, 2012|website=아름다운재단|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> |
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⚫ | As a lawyer, Park won several major cases, including South Korea's first [[sexual harassment]] conviction.<ref name=NYTmissing/> He also campaigned for the rights of [[comfort women]].<ref name=NYTmissing>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/world/asia/seoul-mayor-missing.html|title=Police Search for Seoul Mayor After His Daughter Reports Him Missing|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 9, 2020|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709111620/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/world/asia/seoul-mayor-missing.html|archive-date=July 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2006, as an offshoot of The Beautiful Foundation, he founded the Hope Institute, a think tank designed to promote solutions arising from grass roots suggestions for social, educational, environmental, and political problems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub07/04_03.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814202441/http://www.beautifulfund.org/eng/sub07/04_03.jsp|url-status=dead|title=아름다운재단 홈페이지|archive-date=August 14, 2012|website=아름다운재단|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> |
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⚫ | As a lawyer, |
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==Mayor of Seoul (2011–20)== |
==Mayor of Seoul (2011–20)== |
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{{See also|Mayor of Seoul}} |
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[[File:Korea Special Olympics PR 13 (8383306020).jpg|thumb|Park discussing the [[2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games|2013 Special Winter Olympic Games]]]] |
[[File:Korea Special Olympics PR 13 (8383306020).jpg|thumb|Park discussing the [[2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games|2013 Special Winter Olympic Games]]]] |
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===2011 mayoral campaign=== |
===2011 mayoral campaign=== |
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{{main|2011 South Korean by-elections#Seoul mayoral election}} |
{{main|2011 South Korean by-elections#Seoul mayoral election}} |
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In the [[2011 South Korean by-elections#Seoul mayoral election|Seoul mayoral by-election]] on October 26, 2011, he was elected as an [[independent (politician)|independent]] candidate with the support of the [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008)|Democratic Party]] and [[Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)|Democratic Labor Party]].<ref name="economist"/> Park's victory is seen as a blow in particular to the [[Grand National Party]] and the prospective presidential candidacy of [[Park Geun-hye]], who had publicly supported Park Won-soon's opponent [[Na Kyung-won]], and a triumph for the independent [[Ahn Cheol- |
In the [[2011 South Korean by-elections#Seoul mayoral election|Seoul mayoral by-election]] on October 26, 2011, he was elected as an [[independent (politician)|independent]] candidate with the support of the [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008)|Democratic Party]] and [[Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)|Democratic Labor Party]].<ref name="economist"/> Park's victory is seen as a blow in particular to the [[Grand National Party]] and the prospective presidential candidacy of [[Park Geun-hye]], who had publicly supported Park Won-soon's opponent [[Na Kyung-won]], and a triumph for the independent [[Ahn Cheol-soo]], whose support he received.<ref name="economist">[http://www.economist.com/node/21534836 'Outsider in: A blow for mainstream parties, of whatever hue'.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028095215/http://www.economist.com/node/21534836 |date=October 28, 2011 }} ''[[The Economist]]'', retrieved October 27, 2011.</ref> However, the inability of the Democratic Party to present its own candidate, and Park's refusal to join it after he had received its endorsement, served to present Park as a candidate independent of the interests of both established parties.<ref name="economist" /><ref>[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102701227.html 'Seoul Election Spells 'No-Confidence' in Political Establishment'.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029041207/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102701227.html |date=October 29, 2011 }} ''[[The Chosun Ilbo]]'', retrieved October 27, 2011.</ref> |
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However, the inability of the Democratic Party to present its own candidate, and Park's refusal to join it after he had received its endorsement, has served to present Park as a candidate independent of the interests of both established parties.<ref name="economist" /><ref>[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102701227.html 'Seoul Election Spells 'No-Confidence' in Political Establishment'.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029041207/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102701227.html |date=October 29, 2011 }} ''[[Chosun Ilbo]]'', retrieved October 27, 2011.</ref> |
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===Tenure=== |
===Tenure=== |
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[[File:Park Won Soon (박원순) in Dec 2014.jpg|thumb|Park in December 2014]] |
[[File:Park Won Soon (박원순) in Dec 2014.jpg|thumb|Park in December 2014]] |
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As mayor, Park suggested a friendly [[association football|football match]] and an orchestra event between South Korea and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news | first = Ki-yong | last = Park | title = Park Won-soon suggests Seoul-Pyongyang soccer match and orchestra performance | date = January 2, 2012 | url = http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/512953.html | work = The Hankyeoreh | access-date = February 10, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120113060626/http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/512953.html | archive-date = January 13, 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> He also praised Japan's [[local government]] system during his disaster prevention training there.<ref>{{cite news | first = Chung-weon (충원) | last = Lee (이) | script-title = ko:박원순 "일본식 작고 합리적 자치시스템 배워야" | date = February 10, 2012 | url = http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2012/02/10/0200000000AKR20120210098100073.HTML | work=[[Yonhap News Agency]] | access-date = February 10, 2012 | language = ko | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161123205421/http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2012/02/10/0200000000AKR20120210098100073.HTML | archive-date = November 23, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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Early in 2012, Park was accused of illegally manipulating the army draft health checkup to have his son sent to a favorable post.<ref name=mani/> However, after his son completed a public health checkup, Park and his son were declared innocent and received apologies from his accusers.<ref name=mani/> Park has since said that he would forgive the accusers.<ref name=mani>{{cite news | first = Ji-seop | last = Kim | title |
Early in 2012, Park was accused of illegally manipulating the [[Conscription in South Korea|army draft]] health checkup to have his son sent to a favorable post.<ref name=mani/> However, after his son completed a public health checkup, Park and his son were declared innocent and received apologies from his accusers.<ref name=mani/> Park has since said that he would forgive the accusers.<ref name=mani>{{cite news | first = Ji-seop | last = Kim | script-title=ko:병무청 제출 박원순시장 아들 MRI, 본인 것 맞다 | date = February 22, 2012 | url = http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/02/22/2012022201661.html | work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] | access-date = February 22, 2012 | language = ko | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229191437/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/02/22/2012022201661.html | archive-date = February 29, 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> In February 2012, Park joined the [[Democratic United Party]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=https://www.berggruen.org/people/park-won-soon/|title=Won-Soon Park|publisher=Berggruen.org|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504145617/https://www.berggruen.org/people/park-won-soon/|archive-date=May 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On September 20, 2012, under the leadership of Park, the Seoul Metropolitan Government announced its plan to promote a sharing vision through the Sharing City Seoul Project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/key-policies/city-initiatives/1-sharing-city/|title="The Sharing City Seoul" Project|last=Seoul Metropolitan Government|website=SEOUL website|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101212154/http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/key-policies/city-initiatives/1-sharing-city/|archive-date=November 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As a consequence of the successful implementation of the plan, Park |
On September 20, 2012, under the leadership of Park, the [[Seoul Metropolitan Government]] announced its plan to promote a sharing vision through the Sharing City Seoul Project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/key-policies/city-initiatives/1-sharing-city/|title="The Sharing City Seoul" Project|last=Seoul Metropolitan Government|website=SEOUL website|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101212154/http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/key-policies/city-initiatives/1-sharing-city/|archive-date=November 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As a consequence of the successful implementation of the plan, Park was recognized in South Korea and internationally as a leader of the Sharing City concept.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.shareable.net/blog/sharing-city-seoul-a-model-for-the-world|title=Sharing City Seoul: a Model for the World|last=Johnson|first=Cat|date=June 3, 2014|work=Shareable|access-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329185113/https://www.shareable.net/blog/sharing-city-seoul-a-model-for-the-world|archive-date=March 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.shareable.net/blog/seoul%E2%80%99s-mayor-park-launches-korea-wide-sharing-cities-collaboration-at-annual-sharing-festival|title=Seoul's Mayor Park Launches Korea-wide Sharing Cities Collaboration at Annual Sharing Festival|last=Gorenflo|first=Neal|date=November 18, 2016|work=Shareable|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184937/https://www.shareable.net/blog/seoul%E2%80%99s-mayor-park-launches-korea-wide-sharing-cities-collaboration-at-annual-sharing-festival|archive-date=March 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sharing cities : a case for truly smart and sustainable cities|last1=McLaren|first1=Duncan|last2=Agyeman|first2=Julian|publisher=MIT Press|year=2015|isbn=9780262029728|pages=71–77}}</ref> |
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On April 14, 2013, [[Seoul Subway Line 9|Line 9]], part of the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], announced a sudden fare increase.<ref name=linenine>{{cite news |url=http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001721759 |title=9호선 요금 500원 인상? 서울시 "공문 안떼면 과태료 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105121451/http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001721759 |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
On April 14, 2013, [[Seoul Subway Line 9|Line 9]], part of the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], announced a sudden fare increase.<ref name=linenine>{{cite news |url=http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001721759 |script-title=ko:9호선 요금 500원 인상? 서울시 "공문 안떼면 과태료 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105121451/http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001721759 |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Park objected to the fare being raised without negotiation and warned that if the corporation proceeded, Seoul would take over management of the corporation.<ref name=linenineone>{{cite news |url=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/area/529045.html |script-title=ko:9호선쪽 "예정대로 요금 인상" 서울시 "9호선사장 해임 명령 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719034931/http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/area/529045.html |archive-date=July 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Line 9 released an apology to the residents of Seoul.<ref name=linenine/><ref name=linenineone/> On June 4, 2014, Park was elected to his second term as mayor.<ref name=NYTmissing/> |
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On August 4, 2015, Park controversially referred to South Korea as a [[housefly]] that should sit on China's [[buttocks]] for economic progress.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sisafocus.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=128810 |title= |
On August 4, 2015, Park controversially referred to South Korea as a [[housefly]] that should sit on China's [[buttocks]] for economic progress.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sisafocus.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=128810 |script-title=ko:박원순 "파리가 말에 붙어 가듯 우린 중국 붙어야" - 시사포커스 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035735/http://www.sisafocus.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=128810 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.futurekorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=32162 |script-title=ko:중국 사대(事大)의 정치심리 - 미래한국 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041825/http://www.futurekorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=32162 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a vocal critic of then-President Park Geun-hye and participated in huge rallies against her in central Seoul that led to her [[Impeachment of Park Geun-hye|impeachment and ousting]] on corruption charges in 2017.<ref name=NYTmissing/><ref>{{Cite web|last=이 |first=태수|date=2017-03-25|script-title=ko:천만 촛불에 화장실 200곳 활짝...박원순 "여러분이 우렁각시"|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170324142800004|access-date=2020-07-11|website=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|language=ko}}</ref> On June 13, 2018, Park was elected to his third and last term as Mayor of Seoul.<ref name=NYTmissing/> He was the first mayor in the city's history to be elected to a third term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wallace|first=Danielle|date=July 9, 2020|title=Missing Seoul mayor's body found after massive search|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/south-korea-seoul-mayor-body-found-park-won-soon|access-date=July 9, 2020|website=Fox News|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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He was a vocal critic of then-President [[Park Geun-hye]] and supported and participated in huge rallies against her in central Seoul that led to her [[Impeachment of Park Geun-hye|impeachment and ousting]] on corruption charges in 2017.<ref name=NYTmissing/><ref>{{Cite web|last=이태수|date=2017-03-25|title=천만 촛불에 화장실 200곳 활짝…박원순 "여러분이 우렁각시"|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170324142800004|access-date=2020-07-11|website=연합뉴스|language=ko}}</ref> |
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On June 13, 2018, Park was elected to his third and last term as Mayor of Seoul.<ref name=NYTmissing/> He was the first mayor in the city's history to be elected to a third term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wallace|first=Danielle|date=July 9, 2020|title=Missing Seoul mayor's body found after massive search|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/south-korea-seoul-mayor-body-found-park-won-soon|access-date=July 9, 2020|website=Fox News|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Park was married to Kang Nan-hee, with whom he had two children: a daughter, Park Da-in, and a son, Park Ju-sin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3062123|title=Envoys learn the significance of Korean temple food: Spouses and representatives from foreign embassies were eager to try out recipes and new ingredients|publisher=Korea |
Park was married to Kang Nan-hee, with whom he had two children: a daughter, Park Da-in, and a son, Park Ju-sin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3062123|title=Envoys learn the significance of Korean temple food: Spouses and representatives from foreign embassies were eager to try out recipes and new ingredients|date=April 21, 2019 |publisher=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329210119/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3062123|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rmaward.asia/rmtli/park-won-soon-the-peoples-servant-as-visionary/ |title=PARK WON SOON: The People's Servant as Visionary • the Ramon Magsaysay Transformative Leadership Institute • Honoring greatness of spirit and transformative leadership in Asia |access-date=July 9, 2020 |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212110/https://www.rmaward.asia/rmtli/park-won-soon-the-peoples-servant-as-visionary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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He received the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rmaward.asia/awardees/park-won-soon/|title=Park Won Soon|publisher=RMAward|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903212133/http://rmaward.asia/awardees/park-won-soon/|archive-date=September 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
He received the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rmaward.asia/awardees/park-won-soon/|title=Park Won Soon|publisher=RMAward|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903212133/http://rmaward.asia/awardees/park-won-soon/|archive-date=September 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On July 8, 2020, one day before his disappearance, a former secretary filed a complaint against Park |
On July 8, 2020, one day before his disappearance, a former secretary filed a complaint against Park sexual harassment.<ref name="Al Jazeera Body Found">{{Cite web|date=10 July 2020|title=Missing Seoul Mayor Park Won-soon found dead|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/police-find-body-missing-seoul-mayor-park-won-200709154642001.html|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> She accused Park of physical and digital harassment over a period of four years until she transferred work departments to avoid the misconduct.<ref name="WSJ Online">{{Cite web|date=20 July 2020|title=Late South Korea Mayor's Accuser Details Sexual-Harassment Allegations|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/late-south-korea-mayors-accuser-details-allegations-11594648172|access-date=20 July 2020|website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> |
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==Sexual harassment== |
==Sexual harassment== |
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⚫ | The victim, who was employed as Park's secretary, was asked to take care of intimate aspects of Park's life, including handling his undergarments before and after he showered. Park also sent inappropriate texts and photos to the victim, including pictures of himself in his underwear as well as obscene late-night messages over the [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mk.co.kr/news/society/view/2021/01/46256/|script-title=ko:"남자 알아야 시집 갈 수 있다"...피해자가 진술한 박원순의 문제발언|date = January 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.donga.com/news/Society/article/all/20210114/104930548/1|script-title=ko:"성희롱 문자-속옷사진 보내...박원순 성추행으로 피해자 고통"|date = January 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chosun.com/national/incident/2021/03/19/ZKKAEIVK2JDLJPNUFEB4A7MWQE/|script-title=ko:박원순 "너네 집에 갈까?" 한밤에 비밀 문자|date = March 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.humanrights.go.kr/site/program/board/basicboard/view?boardtypeid=24&boardid=7606202&menuid=001004002001 | script-title=ko:보도자료 | 국가인권위원회 }}</ref> The independent National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRC) found that Park's words and actions toward his secretary constituted sexual harassment under the country's laws. |
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⚫ | The victim, who was employed as Park's secretary, was asked to take care of intimate aspects of |
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<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chosun.com/national/incident/2021/03/19/ZKKAEIVK2JDLJPNUFEB4A7MWQE/|title = 박원순 "너네 집에 갈까?" 한밤에 비밀 문자|date = March 18, 2021}}</ref> |
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<ref>https://www.humanrights.go.kr/site/program/board/basicboard/view?boardtypeid=24&boardid=7606202&menuid=001004002001</ref> |
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The independent National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRC) found that Park’s words and actions toward his secretary constituted sexual harassment under the country's laws. |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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[[File:Funeral parlor for the Park Won-soon, Mayor of Seoul.jpg|thumb|Park's funeral was held after a mourning period of five days.]] |
[[File:Funeral parlor for the Park Won-soon, Mayor of Seoul.jpg|thumb|Park's funeral was held after a mourning period of five days.]] |
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On July 9, 2020, the day after |
On July 9, 2020, the day after Park was accused of sexual harassment, Park's daughter reported him as [[missing person|missing]] after reportedly taking sick leave, alerting the [[National Police Agency (South Korea)|National Police Agency]] at 5:17 pm [[Korea Standard Time|KST]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Jun-yeop |script-title=ko:[속보] "박원순 서울시장 유언 남기고 나가" 딸이 경찰에 신고 |url=http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0014785101&code=61121111 |website=[[Kookmin Ilbo]] |publisher=Kookmin Ilbo Company |access-date=July 9, 2020 |language=ko |date=July 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709110220/http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0014785101&code=61121111 |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Im|first1=Gi-chang|script-title=ko:[속보] "박원순 서울시장 실종" 딸이 경찰에 신고|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200709158500004|access-date=July 9, 2020|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|date=July 9, 2020|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709110118/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200709158500004|archive-date=July 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Park's cell phone was reported as turned off in the [[Seongbuk District]] of Seoul, with his daughter finding a [[Will and testament|will]]-like note.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/nation-world/seoul-park-won-soon-missing-search-south-korea-update-20200709.html|title=Search has begun for missing Seoul mayor, whose phone was turned off|publisher=Inquirer|date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Authorities began using [[Search and rescue dog|search dogs]] and drones in Seongbuk District.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/seoul-mayor-park-won-soon-missing-search-op-underway-824126|title=Seoul mayor Park Won-soon missing; search op underway|publisher=IB Times|access-date=July 9, 2020|date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Around midnight, his body was found near [[Sukjeongmun]] on [[Bugak Mountain]] in northern Seoul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200710000900004|script-title=ko:박원순 서울시장 북악산 숙정문 인근서 숨진 채 발견|date=July 10, 2020|website=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200710000500325|title=Seoul mayor found dead in northern Seoul: police|date=July 10, 2020|website=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|access-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709154646/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200710000500325|archive-date=July 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> With no foul play found at the scene, it has been broadly reported that the death is considered a [[suicide]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Park|first=Si-soo|date=10 July 2020|title=Mayor killed himself: police|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/356_292647.html|access-date=13 July 2020|website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera Body Found" /><ref name="ABC Controversy">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2020|title=Controversy over how to mourn Seoul's 'feminist mayor' reportedly accused of sexual harassment|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-13/controversy-mourn-feminist-seoul-mayor-sexual-harassment/12449662|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> |
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Park's family accepted a state funeral, held at [[Seoul City Hall]] and streamed online on July 13, 2020. About 992,000 people have paid tribute to Park on an online city-run mourning site. Despite the controversy surrounding the |
Park's family accepted a [[state funeral]], held at [[Seoul City Hall]] and streamed online on July 13, 2020. About 992,000 people have paid tribute to Park on an online city-run mourning site. Despite the controversy surrounding the sexual harassment, the funeral was paid for by the city using public funds.<ref name="ABC Controversy" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of solved missing person cases]] |
*[[List of solved missing person cases]] |
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*[[Suicide in South Korea]] |
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**[[Roh Moo-hyun]], former president of South Korea who had also committed suicide |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{succession box | before = [[Oh Se-hoon]] | title = [[Mayor of Seoul]] | years = 2011–2020 | after = [[Seo Jung-hyup]]<br>(acting)}} |
{{succession box | before = [[Oh Se-hoon]] | title = [[Mayor of Seoul]] | years = 2011–2020 | after = [[Seo Jung-hyup]]<br />(acting)}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:08, 8 November 2024
Park Won-soon | |
---|---|
박원순 | |
Mayor of Seoul | |
In office October 27, 2011 – July 9, 2020 | |
Preceded by | Oh Se-hoon |
Succeeded by | Oh Se-hoon[1] |
Personal details | |
Born | Changnyeong, South Korea | February 11, 1955
Died | July 9, 2020 Jongno, Seoul, South Korea | (aged 65)
Cause of death | Suicide[2] |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Kang Nan-hee |
Alma mater | Seoul National University (Expelled) Dankook University (BA) London School of Economics (Diploma) |
Signature | |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 박원순 |
Hanja | 朴元淳 |
Revised Romanization | Bak Wonsun |
McCune–Reischauer | Pak Wŏnsun |
Park Won-soon (Korean: 박원순; February 11, 1955 – July 9, 2020) was a South Korean politician, activist, and lawyer. He was the longest-serving mayor of Seoul,[3] from 2011 until his death in July 2020. Being a member of the Democratic Party of Korea, he was first elected in 2011[4] and won re-election in 2014 and 2018.
Prior to being elected as mayor, Park was a community and social justice activist, serving as a member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. He wrote many books on transitional justice as international human rights lawyer and worked as the chief prosecutor for both North and South Korea for the first time in The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery accusing the Showa Emperor. He was A noted political donor in Seoul, Park contributed to political organizations and think tanks that advocated for grassroots solutions towards social, educational, environmental, and political issues. As a mayor of Seoul, he was awarded for the first time in South Korea, Gothenburg Award for Sustainable Development for 'sharing city' and Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize, Singapore for changing the city into an inclusive, socially stable and innovative city.
In July 2020, Park's former secretary accused him of four years of sexual harassment; Park died the next day, in an apparent suicide.[5][6][7][8]
Early life
[edit]Park Won-soon was born on March 26, 1956, in Changnyeong, South Korea.[9] He was enrolled at Kyunggi High School in 1971 and graduated in 1974.[9]
At first, Park went to earn his Bachelor of Arts at Seoul National University, but was expelled and detained for four months over a protest he held over the military dictatorship of President Park Chung Hee.[10] He later earned his Bachelor of Arts at Dankook University.[10] Park earned his diploma in international law at the London School of Economics at University of London in 1991.[9]
Career
[edit]Park worked as a public prosecutor in the Daegu District Court in Gyeongsang Province from 1982 to 1983.[9] Returning to Seoul from Daegu, he launched into private law practice. He worked as a human rights lawyer and defended many political activists in the 1980s and 1990s.[10]
In 1993, Park became a visiting research fellow in the Human Rights Program of the School of Law in Harvard University.[10] In 1994, he was a principal founder of the nonprofit watchdog organization People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), which monitors government regulatory practices and fights political corruption.[11]
In 2002, Park stepped down from PSPD to run The Beautiful Foundation, a philanthropic group that promotes volunteerism and community service and addresses issues of income inequality.[12] Beginning in 2005, Park served as part of South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the history of human rights violations in Korean history from Japan's rule of Korea in 1910, up until the end of authoritarian rule in South Korea with the election of President Kim Young-sam in 1993.[13] In 2006, as an offshoot of The Beautiful Foundation, Park founded the Hope Institute, a think tank designed to promote solutions arising from grassroots suggestions for social, educational, environmental, and political problems.[14]
As a lawyer, Park won several major cases, including South Korea's first sexual harassment conviction.[11] He also campaigned for the rights of comfort women.[11]
Mayor of Seoul (2011–20)
[edit]2011 mayoral campaign
[edit]In the Seoul mayoral by-election on October 26, 2011, he was elected as an independent candidate with the support of the Democratic Party and Democratic Labor Party.[15] Park's victory is seen as a blow in particular to the Grand National Party and the prospective presidential candidacy of Park Geun-hye, who had publicly supported Park Won-soon's opponent Na Kyung-won, and a triumph for the independent Ahn Cheol-soo, whose support he received.[15] However, the inability of the Democratic Party to present its own candidate, and Park's refusal to join it after he had received its endorsement, served to present Park as a candidate independent of the interests of both established parties.[15][16]
Tenure
[edit]As mayor, Park suggested a friendly football match and an orchestra event between South Korea and North Korea.[17] He also praised Japan's local government system during his disaster prevention training there.[18]
Early in 2012, Park was accused of illegally manipulating the army draft health checkup to have his son sent to a favorable post.[19] However, after his son completed a public health checkup, Park and his son were declared innocent and received apologies from his accusers.[19] Park has since said that he would forgive the accusers.[19] In February 2012, Park joined the Democratic United Party.[10]
On September 20, 2012, under the leadership of Park, the Seoul Metropolitan Government announced its plan to promote a sharing vision through the Sharing City Seoul Project.[20] As a consequence of the successful implementation of the plan, Park was recognized in South Korea and internationally as a leader of the Sharing City concept.[21][22][23]
On April 14, 2013, Line 9, part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, announced a sudden fare increase.[24] Park objected to the fare being raised without negotiation and warned that if the corporation proceeded, Seoul would take over management of the corporation.[25] Line 9 released an apology to the residents of Seoul.[24][25] On June 4, 2014, Park was elected to his second term as mayor.[11]
On August 4, 2015, Park controversially referred to South Korea as a housefly that should sit on China's buttocks for economic progress.[26][27] He was a vocal critic of then-President Park Geun-hye and participated in huge rallies against her in central Seoul that led to her impeachment and ousting on corruption charges in 2017.[11][28] On June 13, 2018, Park was elected to his third and last term as Mayor of Seoul.[11] He was the first mayor in the city's history to be elected to a third term.[29]
Personal life
[edit]Park was married to Kang Nan-hee, with whom he had two children: a daughter, Park Da-in, and a son, Park Ju-sin.[30][31]
He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2006.[32]
On July 8, 2020, one day before his disappearance, a former secretary filed a complaint against Park sexual harassment.[33] She accused Park of physical and digital harassment over a period of four years until she transferred work departments to avoid the misconduct.[34]
Sexual harassment
[edit]The victim, who was employed as Park's secretary, was asked to take care of intimate aspects of Park's life, including handling his undergarments before and after he showered. Park also sent inappropriate texts and photos to the victim, including pictures of himself in his underwear as well as obscene late-night messages over the Telegram app.[35][36][37][38] The independent National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRC) found that Park's words and actions toward his secretary constituted sexual harassment under the country's laws.
Death
[edit]On July 9, 2020, the day after Park was accused of sexual harassment, Park's daughter reported him as missing after reportedly taking sick leave, alerting the National Police Agency at 5:17 pm KST.[39][40] Park's cell phone was reported as turned off in the Seongbuk District of Seoul, with his daughter finding a will-like note.[41] Authorities began using search dogs and drones in Seongbuk District.[42] Around midnight, his body was found near Sukjeongmun on Bugak Mountain in northern Seoul.[43][44] With no foul play found at the scene, it has been broadly reported that the death is considered a suicide.[45][33][46]
Park's family accepted a state funeral, held at Seoul City Hall and streamed online on July 13, 2020. About 992,000 people have paid tribute to Park on an online city-run mourning site. Despite the controversy surrounding the sexual harassment, the funeral was paid for by the city using public funds.[46]
See also
[edit]- List of solved missing person cases
- Suicide in South Korea
- Roh Moo-hyun, former president of South Korea who had also committed suicide
References
[edit]- ^ 오세훈·박형준 '당선' 野 압승...1년만에 180도 돌아선 민심. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "Mayor killed himself: police". The Korea Times. July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ^ "Seoul's Longest Serving Mayor Was Found Dead One Day After A Harassment Case Was Filed Against Him". www.vice.com. July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ^ "Seoul Residents Elect Liberal Novice as Mayor". voanews.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
- ^ Julia Hollingsworth, Gawon Bae and Yoonjung Seo (January 27, 2021). "Seoul's mayor sexually harassed secretary before his death, report finds". CNN. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Ex-Seoul Mayor Park sexually harassed secretary: Watchdog". January 25, 2021.
- ^ May, Tiffany; Kim, Youmi (January 26, 2021). "South Korean Mayor Sexually Harassed Secretary, Report Finds". The New York Times.
- ^ 박원순 성추행 피해자, '나의 회복 위해 용서하고 싶다'. BBC News 코리아.
- ^ a b c d "Biography – Park Won-soon". Lee Kuan Yew World City Price. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Won-Soon Park". Berggruen.org. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Police Search for Seoul Mayor After His Daughter Reports Him Missing". The New York Times. July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ 아름다운재단 홈페이지. 아름다운재단. Archived from the original on March 17, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ "'University of Minnesota, Institute for Advanced Study – 'Bringing Justice to an Unjustified Past in Korea". Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
- ^ 아름다운재단 홈페이지. 아름다운재단. Archived from the original on August 14, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ a b c 'Outsider in: A blow for mainstream parties, of whatever hue'. Archived October 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Economist, retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ 'Seoul Election Spells 'No-Confidence' in Political Establishment'. Archived October 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Chosun Ilbo, retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ Park, Ki-yong (January 2, 2012). "Park Won-soon suggests Seoul-Pyongyang soccer match and orchestra performance". The Hankyeoreh. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
- ^ Lee (이), Chung-weon (충원) (February 10, 2012). 박원순 "일본식 작고 합리적 자치시스템 배워야". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
- ^ a b c Kim, Ji-seop (February 22, 2012). 병무청 제출 박원순시장 아들 MRI, 본인 것 맞다. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
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