User:Paris1127/Averbuch incident: Difference between revisions

Superintendent
George M. Shippy
Superintendent George M. Shippy
	Chicago Police Superintendent George M. Shippy
Born	24 June 1856; Chicago, Illinois
Died	13 April 1913 (aged 56); Chicago, Illinois
Resting place	Oak Woods Cemetery, Chicago
	Police career
Department	Chicago Police Department
Rank	After 1886: appointed Patrolman at Harrison Street Station, later Desk Sergeant at Stanton Avenue/22nd Street Station; ; 19 June 1891: appointed Lieutenant, Harrison Street Station; ; 5 October 1891: appointed Captain; ; 1892: transferred to Woodlawn Station; 1893: resigned from Chicago Police, later returned, serving at Stock Yards Station; ; 1898: transferred to South Chicago Station; ; 1904: promoted to Police Inspector, Desplaines Street Station; ; 15 April 1907: appointed Superintendent by Mayor Fred A. Busse; ; 3 August 1909: steps down as Superintendent;

Lazarus Averbuch
Lazarus Averbuch
Лазарь Авербух
Born	1889; Kishineff, Russian Empire
Died	March 2, 1908 (aged 18–19); Chicago, Illinois, United States
Resting place	Ridge Lawn Cemetery, Chicago, IL
Nationality	Russian
Relatives	Olga Averbuch (sister)
Motive	Unknown

Death of Lazarus Averbuch
Date	March 2, 1908
Venue	Home of Chicago Police Superintendent George M. Shippy
Location	31 North Lincoln Place (now 2131 North Hudson Avenue), Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois
Coordinates	41°55′16″N 87°38′23″W / 41.921052°N 87.639812°W
Participants	George M. Shippy ; Harry Shippy, Shippy's son ; James Foley, Shippy's driver ; Lazarus Averbuch
Outcome	Lazarus Averbuch shot and killed, George and Harry Shippy and James Foley wounded
Burial	Ridge Lawn Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois
Inquest	March 24, 1908
Coroner	Peter M. Hoffman

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Latest revision as of 19:46, 9 November 2024

The death of Lazarus Averbuch, also known as the Averbuch incident, occurred on March 2, 1908, at the home of the Chicago Police Department's Superintendent, George M. Shippy, in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Averbuch called on the Superintendent at 9 AM; Shippy claimed that Averbuch was an anarchist who attempted to stab and shoot him, leading to Shippy and his driver, James Foley, shooting Averbuch to death. Shippy, his son Harry, and Foley were wounded in the melee.

Anarchy in Chicago

The Great Chicago Fire of October 8, 1871 devastated Chicago, destroying the central business district (today's Loop). A construction boom followed as the city rebuilt; new arrivals flooded in via the network of railroads that converged on Chicago. The city expanded, and new factories and facilities opened. The new wealth in Chicago was not evenly distributed, and angry workers demanded better working conditions. On May 3, 1886, Chicago Police killed several workers protesting for an eight-hour workday. The next day, May 4, at a protest at the city's Haymarket (located at Randolph and DesPlaines), a bomb was thrown at the speaker's wagon---the ensuing explosion killed 7 police officers and 4 workers. A crackdown on unions by Chicago Police followed. After an investigation, 8 men were arrested, tried and convicted for the bombing. 4 were hanged, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned by Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld. The Haymarket incident is what attracted Emma Goldman to anarchism.

On September 6, 1901, anarchist Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley died from his wounds on September 14, 8 days after being shot. Goldman, an acquaintance of Czolgosz, was initially a suspect in the assassination (she had previously, with her lover, Alexander Berkman, conspired to kill steel executive Henry Clay Frick). Chicago Police arrested her at her home on Sheffield Avenue, on the city's North Side, but had to release her on September 24 when it became clear she had not been involved in the assassination and had in fact had concerns about Czolgosz.

Averbuch

Lazarus Averbuch (Russian: Лазарь Авербух, also referred to as Jeremiah or Harry), a recent arrival in the United States, lived on the city's Near West Side, sharing an apartment at 218 West Washburne Avenue (renumbered 1440 in 1909, now demolished) in the Jewish ghetto near Maxwell Street, with his sister Olga. The Averbuchs were natives of Kishinev, Russian Empire (now Chișinău, Moldova). Two pogroms in the early 20th Century forced their family to leave: in April 1903, the murder of a Christian child was spun into a blood libel against the Jewish community in Kishinev; the ensuing pogrom killed approximately 120 Jews; in October 1905, a protest against the Tsar turned into a second pogrom against the Jews, 20 dying in this one. After this second pogrom, the Averbuchs fled Kishinev for Chernovitsy, in Austria-Hungary (now part of Ukraine). Olga emigrated to Chicago while Averbuch worked as a bookkeeper in Austria. He joined Olga in Chicago in 1907. Unable to get work as a bookkeeper or clerk, he took a job packing eggs for W. H. Eichengreen at the South Water Street Market (now part of Illinois Center).

Shippy residence

Averbuch residence

class=notpageimage|

Locations on a map of modern Chicago

Death of Lazarus Averbuch

Mayor of Chicago Fred A. Busse (1907-1911)
Harold L. Ickes, Averbuch family attorney, later United States Secretary of the Interior from 1933-1946
Emma Goldman, anarchist who was previously scheduled to speak in Chicago after Averbuch's death, avoided arrest but had difficulty finding a venue that would let her speak
Jane Addams, founder of Hull House and prominent social activist. She lead a group advocating for Averbuch's sister, Olga
Julius Rosenwald, President of Sears, Roebuck and Co., who secretly raised money for Jane Addams and Olga Averbuch
Oscar Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor, who ordered immigration officers to work with the United States Secret Service and local police to find, arrest, and deport immigrants with Anarchist beliefs in response to Averbuch's death
Adolph J. Sabath, (D-IL), Jewish-American Congressman representing Chicago's West Side. Was debating restrictions on anarchist immigration on March 2
William Stiles Bennet, (R-NY), was debating restrictions on anarchist immigration on March 2

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | venue                    = Home of [[Chicago Police Department|Chicago Police]] Superintendent George M. Shippy
 | location                 = 31 North Lincoln Place (now 2131 North Hudson Avenue), [[Lincoln Park, Chicago|Lincoln Park]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
-| coordinates              = {{coord|41.921052|-87.639812|region:US-IL_type:event|display=inline,title}}
+| coordinates              = {{coord|41.921052|-87.639812|region:US-IL_type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
 | also_known_as            =
 | type                     =
@@ Line 156: / Line 156: @@
 ==Anarchy in Chicago==
-The [[Great Chicago Fire]] of [[October 8]], [[1871]] devastated Chicago, destroying the central business district (today's [[Chicago Loop|Loop]]). A construction boom followed as the city rebuilt; new arrivals flooded in via the network of railroads that converged on Chicago. The city expanded, and new factories and facilities opened. The new wealth in Chicago was not evenly distributed, and angry workers demanded better working conditions. On [[May 3]], [[1886]], Chicago Police killed several workers protesting for an eight-hour workday. The next day, [[May 4]], at a protest at the city's Haymarket (located at Randolph and DesPlaines), [[Haymarket affair|a bomb was thrown at the speaker's wagon]]---the ensuing explosion killed 7 police officers and 4 workers. A crackdown on unions by Chicago Police followed. After an investigation, 8 men were arrested, tried and convicted for the bombing. 4 were hanged, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned by Illinois [[Governor of Illinois|Governor]] [[John Peter Altgeld]]. The Haymarket incident is what attracted [[Emma Goldman]] to anarchism.
+The [[Great Chicago Fire]] of [[October 8]], [[1871]] devastated Chicago, destroying the central business district (today's [[Chicago Loop|Loop]]). A construction boom followed as the city rebuilt; new arrivals flooded in via the network of railroads that converged on Chicago. The city expanded, and new factories and facilities opened. The new wealth in Chicago was not evenly distributed, and angry workers demanded better working conditions. On [[May 3]], [[1886]], Chicago Police killed several workers protesting for an eight-hour workday. The next day, [[May 4]], at a protest at the city's Haymarket (located at [[Randolph Street|Randolph]] and DesPlaines), [[Haymarket affair|a bomb was thrown at the speaker's wagon]]---the ensuing explosion killed 7 police officers and 4 workers. A crackdown on unions by Chicago Police followed. After an investigation, 8 men were arrested, tried and convicted for the bombing. 4 were hanged, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned by Illinois [[Governor of Illinois|Governor]] [[John Peter Altgeld]]. The Haymarket incident is what attracted [[Emma Goldman]] to anarchism.
 On [[September 6]], [[1901]], anarchist [[Leon Czolgosz]] [[Assassination of William McKinley|shot]] [[President of the United States|President]] [[William McKinley]] at the [[Pan-American Exposition]] in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. McKinley died from his wounds on [[September 14]], 8 days after being shot. Goldman, an acquaintance of Czolgosz, was initially a suspect in the assassination (she had previously, with her lover, [[Alexander Berkman]], conspired to kill steel executive [[Henry Clay Frick]]). Chicago Police arrested her at her home on [[Sheffield Avenue]], on the city's [[North Side, Chicago|North Side]], but had to release her on September 24 when it became clear she had not been involved in the assassination and had in fact had concerns about Czolgosz.
 ==Averbuch==
-Lazarus Averbuch ({{lang-ru|Лазарь Авербух}}, also referred to as Jeremiah or Harry), a recent arrival in the United States, lived on the city's [[Near West Side, Chicago|Near West Side]], sharing an apartment at 218 West Washburne Avenue (renumbered 1440 in 1909, now demolished) in the Jewish ghetto near [[Maxwell Street]], with his sister Olga. The Averbuchs were natives of [[Chișinău|Kishinev]], [[Russian Empire]] (now Chișinău, [[Moldova]]). [[Kishinev pogrom|Two pogroms]] in the early 20th Century forced their family to leave: in April [[1903]], the murder of a Christian child was spun into a [[blood libel]] against the Jewish community in Kishinev; the ensuing [[pogrom]] killed approximately 120 Jews; in October [[1905]], a protest against the [[Tsar]] turned into a second pogrom against the Jews, 20 dying in this one. After this second pogrom, the Averbuchs fled Kishinev for [[Chernovitsy]], in [[Austria-Hungary]] (now part of [[Ukraine]]). Olga emigrated to Chicago while Averbuch worked as a bookkeeper in Austria. He joined Olga in Chicago in 1907. Unable to get work as a bookkeeper or clerk, he took a job packing eggs for W. H. Eichengreen at the South Water Street Market (now part of [[Illinois Center]]).
+Lazarus Averbuch ({{langx|ru|Лазарь Авербух}}, also referred to as Jeremiah or Harry), a recent arrival in the United States, lived on the city's [[Near West Side, Chicago|Near West Side]], sharing an apartment at 218 West Washburne Avenue (renumbered 1440 in 1909, now demolished) in the Jewish ghetto near [[Maxwell Street]], with his sister Olga. The Averbuchs were natives of [[Chișinău|Kishinev]], [[Russian Empire]] (now Chișinău, [[Moldova]]). [[Kishinev pogrom|Two pogroms]] in the early 20th Century forced their family to leave: in April [[1903]], the murder of a Christian child was spun into a [[blood libel]] against the Jewish community in Kishinev; the ensuing [[pogrom]] killed approximately 120 Jews; in October [[1905]], a protest against the [[Tsar]] turned into a second pogrom against the Jews, 20 dying in this one. After this second pogrom, the Averbuchs fled Kishinev for [[Chernovitsy]], in [[Austria-Hungary]] (now part of [[Ukraine]]). Olga emigrated to Chicago while Averbuch worked as a bookkeeper in Austria. He joined Olga in Chicago in 1907. Unable to get work as a bookkeeper or clerk, he took a job packing eggs for W. H. Eichengreen at the South Water Street Market (now part of [[Illinois Center]]).
 {{Location map many
@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 |[[Mayor of Chicago]] [[Fred A. Busse]] (1907-1911)
 |File:Ickes.gif
-|[[Harold Ickes]], Averbuch family attorney, later [[United States Secretary of the Interior]] from 1933-1946
+|[[Harold L. Ickes]], Averbuch family attorney, later [[United States Secretary of the Interior]] from 1933-1946
 |File:Emma Goldman seated.jpg
 |[[Emma Goldman]], anarchist who was previously scheduled to speak in Chicago after Averbuch's death, avoided arrest but had difficulty finding a venue that would let her speak
@@ Line 208: / Line 208: @@
 |[[Adolph J. Sabath]], ([[United States Democratic Party|D]]-IL), Jewish-American [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] representing Chicago's West Side. Was debating restrictions on anarchist immigration on March 2
 |File:William S. Bennet smiling.jpg
-|[[William Stiles Bennet]], ([[United States Republican Party|R]]-[[New York|NY]]), was debating restrictions on anarchist immigration on March 2
+|[[William Stiles Bennet]], ([[United States Republican Party|R]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]), was debating restrictions on anarchist immigration on March 2
 }}