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{{Short description|Title created by King Henry VIII of England}}
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{{Short description|Title created by King Edward IV of England}}
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The title of Viscount of Wressle was a British noble title created in 1473 by King [[Edward IV]] of England. It was granted to a prominent member of the Sampson family, with the seat of the title at Wressle Manor in the East Riding of [[Yorkshire]], England. The title became extinct in the early 18th century but has remained of historical significance due to the influence of its holders and their contributions to British society.
[[File:Wressle Manor.png|thumb|Home to the Viscount of Wressle]]
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=== History ===


The Viscountcy of Wressle was first granted in 1473 to Robert DuPont Sampson, a key figure in the military and political affairs of England. The family, originally based in Yorkshire, expanded its influence over the following centuries, with estates acquired across the region. The Sampson family was known for its involvement in trade, diplomacy, and the development of agricultural and cultural enterprises.


Over the centuries, the title passed through several generations, often through strategic marriages and alliances with other notable families. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the family held estates in [[Yorkshire and the Humber|Yorkshire]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]], reflecting their growing wealth and influence. The Viscount of Wressle was also known for his involvement in both local governance and national affairs.<ref>{{cite book | last=Braudel | first=Fernand | title=The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II | publisher=Harper & Row | year=1972 | location=New York | pages=287–290}}</ref>


The title of '''Baron of Highmere''' was an English noble title granted by [[Henry VIII|King Henry VIII]] in 1538 during the [[Tudor period|Tudor period.]] The first holder, '''Sebastian Samitier''', was a cousin of the prominent Spanish noble family, the [[House of Samitier]]. The title was conferred on Sebastian for his services during the [[Dissolution of the monasteries|Dissolution of the Monasteries,]] where he played a notable role in overseeing the management of lands seized from the Church in Yorkshire. <ref>G.W. Bernard, ''The Tudor Nobility'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).</ref>
The title passed from Robert DuPont Sampson to his son, Charles DuPont Sampson, who further expanded the family's influence. Charles was known for his contributions to British politics and trade, particularly in establishing important alliances with European powers.
<ref>Chris Given-Wilson, ''The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages'' (London: Routledge, 1987).</ref>


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==History==
In the 17th century, the title passed to Sebastian Jacques Sampson, the last Viscount of Wressle. Sebastian was a prominent figure during his time, known for his connections to the Samitier family—specifically, his mother was the sister of Carlos Samitier, the controversial Spanish nobleman. This made Sebastian Jacques Sampson a cousin to Jacques de Samitier, a prominent historical figure in [[Spain]] and [[France|France.]] However, following Sebastian's death in 1710, the title became dormant due to the extinction of the direct line of heirs. Despite its extinction, the Viscountcy has remained a subject of historical interest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keats-Rohan |first=K. S. B. |title=Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066–1166 |year=1999 |publisher=The Boydell Press}}</ref>
===Establishment===
The title of Baron of Highmere was created as part of the broader redistribution of monastic lands following the dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII. As a loyal supporter of the crown during this turbulent period, Sebastian Samitier was granted lands in Yorkshire, which included the estate of Highmere. The Samitier family, originally from Spain, had relocated to England due to political instability in their homeland, eventually integrating into local English society through strategic marriages and land acquisitions.


Sebastian’s father, a minor Spanish noble, had moved to England and married into a Yorkshire family. This union enabled the Samitier family to establish themselves in northern England, where they became influential [[Land ownership in the United Kingdom|landowners.]] The family's involvement in managing and improving agricultural practices, including the introduction of Spanish agricultural techniques, was recognized by local authorities and contributed to their status. <ref>James G. Clark, ''The Dissolution of the Monasteries: A New History'' (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).</ref>
=== Holdings and Inheritance ===


===The Highmere Estate===
The primary seat of the Viscount of Wressle was Wressle Manor, located in East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Other notable estates owned by the family included:
The [[Highmere estate]], located in [[Yorkshire]], became the center of the Samitier family’s holdings. Over time, the Barons of Highmere played an active role in local [[governance]] and were known for their efforts in [[Agricultural expansion|agricultural development]]. The family is particularly noted for introducing innovative farming practices, which helped improve crop yields in the region.


* [[Brecon]] - A property in Wales, near the [[Brecon Beacons]], acquired during the 16th century. Following Sebastian Jacques Sampson's death, this estate was inherited by Sebastian's cousin, Thomas DuPont Sampson, who had established himself as a prominent figure in Wales.
* [[Edinburgh]] - A smaller estate in Scotland, inherited through marriage to a Scottish noble family. Upon Sebastian's death, the Scottish property was passed to Henry DuPont Sampson, a cousin from the family who had settled in Scotland and had strong ties to the local aristocracy.
* [[Stirling]] - A strategic estate in central Scotland, used for diplomatic relations with the Scottish Crown. The Stirling estate was inherited by Mary DuPont Sampson, daughter of Charles DuPont Sampson, who married into a powerful Scottish family.


While the exact details of the family’s agricultural advancements are unclear, it is believed that they utilized techniques brought from [[Spain|Spain,]] which were not common in [[England]] at the time. These practices may have included the cultivation of new crops or improvements in land i[[Irrigation|rrigation methods]]. The estate and its management became a focal point for the family, contributing to their influence in the region.
These estates, combined with the family's strong political connections, cemented their status as a prominent noble house in British and European history.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Fowler, C. D. |title=British Nobility and Estate Inheritance |journal=British Historical Review |date=2003 |volume=68 |pages=113–129}}</ref>
<ref>James E. Thorold Rogers, ''A History of Agriculture and Prices in England'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1882).</ref>
<ref>Jorge Majfud, ''Spanish Influence on English Culture, 1485–1650'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).</ref>


=== Notable Figures ===


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===Extinction===
* Robert DuPont Sampson (1465–1533) - The first Viscount of Wressle, granted the title by King Henry VI for his service in the Wars of the Roses.
The title of Baron of Highmere became extinct in the early 18th century due to the lack of male heirs. The last holder of the title was '''Henry Samitier''', who passed away without a direct successor. As a result, the Highmere estate was inherited by other local families, and the Samitier name faded from the [[British nobility|English nobility]].
* Charles DuPont Sampson (1500–1580) - The second Viscount of Wressle, known for his contributions to British politics and trade.
* Sebastian Jacques Sampson(1614–1710) - The last Viscount of Wressle, whose death marked the extinction of the title.


Although the title became extinct, the legacy of the Samitier family remained influential in local lore. Their contributions to the agricultural development of Yorkshire and their blending of Spanish and English traditions left a lasting impact on the region. <ref>Victoria County History, ''History of Yorkshire'' (London: British History Online, 1914).</ref>
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=== Extinction of the Title ===
<ref>''Dictionary of National Biography'' (London: Oxford University Press, 2004).</ref>


==List of Holders==
The Viscountcy became extinct in the early 18th century following the death of **Sebastian Jacques Sampson**, the last holder of the title. Despite this, the legacy of the Sampson family and their contributions to British history continue to be studied by historians, and the title remains one of historical interest among British nobility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=English Nobility and the Sampson Family |url=https://www.noblefamilies.co.uk/sampson-family |accessdate=2024-11-10}}</ref>
# '''Sebastian Samitier''' (b. c. 1500 – d. unknown) – First Baron of Highmere. Awarded the title by King Henry VIII for services during the Dissolution of the Monasteries and involvement in managing church lands in Yorkshire.
# '''John Samitier''' (b. c. 1550 – d. unknown) – Second holder, likely son or relative of Sebastian. Held the title during the late 16th century.
# '''Thomas Samitier''' (b. c. 1600 – d. unknown) – Third holder, possibly son or grandson of the previous holder. Further details about his life and contributions are unclear.
# '''Henry Samitier''' (b. c. 1650 – d. early 18th century) – Last holder of the title, with the title becoming extinct after his death due to a lack of male heirs.


=== See Also ===
==Legacy==
While the title of Baron of Highmere is no longer in use, the Samitier family’s role in Yorkshire’s agricultural development and their integration of Spanish techniques in England left a significant legacy. Their story has been remembered in local histories, though records about the family have largely faded over time.

* [[English nobility|History of the English nobility]]
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* [[House of Samitier|Sampson family]]

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=== References ===


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==References==
<references />
<references />
==See also==
* {{wikilink|Dissolution of the Monasteries}}
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* {{wikilink|House of Samitier}}
* {{wikilink|History of Yorkshire}}


{{Draft categories|
=== External Links ===
[[Category:1538 establishments in England]]

[[Category:Baronies in the Peerage of England]]
* [Sampson Family History](https://www.noblefamilies.co.uk/sampson-family) - Official page detailing the Sampson family's history.
[[Category:Extinct baronies]]
* [Wressle Manor Information](https://www.historicengland.org.uk/places-to-visit/wressle-manor) - A comprehensive history of Wressle Manor and its noble heritage.
[[Category:Tudor England]]}}
* [British Nobility: The Sampson Lineage](https://www.britishnobilityhistory.com/sampson-lineage) - An article tracing the Sampson family's noble titles and estates.

Latest revision as of 06:58, 20 November 2024



The title of Baron of Highmere was an English noble title granted by King Henry VIII in 1538 during the Tudor period. The first holder, Sebastian Samitier, was a cousin of the prominent Spanish noble family, the House of Samitier. The title was conferred on Sebastian for his services during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, where he played a notable role in overseeing the management of lands seized from the Church in Yorkshire. [1] [2]

History

[edit]

Establishment

[edit]

The title of Baron of Highmere was created as part of the broader redistribution of monastic lands following the dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII. As a loyal supporter of the crown during this turbulent period, Sebastian Samitier was granted lands in Yorkshire, which included the estate of Highmere. The Samitier family, originally from Spain, had relocated to England due to political instability in their homeland, eventually integrating into local English society through strategic marriages and land acquisitions.

Sebastian’s father, a minor Spanish noble, had moved to England and married into a Yorkshire family. This union enabled the Samitier family to establish themselves in northern England, where they became influential landowners. The family's involvement in managing and improving agricultural practices, including the introduction of Spanish agricultural techniques, was recognized by local authorities and contributed to their status. [3]

The Highmere Estate

[edit]

The Highmere estate, located in Yorkshire, became the center of the Samitier family’s holdings. Over time, the Barons of Highmere played an active role in local governance and were known for their efforts in agricultural development. The family is particularly noted for introducing innovative farming practices, which helped improve crop yields in the region.


While the exact details of the family’s agricultural advancements are unclear, it is believed that they utilized techniques brought from Spain, which were not common in England at the time. These practices may have included the cultivation of new crops or improvements in land irrigation methods. The estate and its management became a focal point for the family, contributing to their influence in the region. [4] [5]


Extinction

[edit]

The title of Baron of Highmere became extinct in the early 18th century due to the lack of male heirs. The last holder of the title was Henry Samitier, who passed away without a direct successor. As a result, the Highmere estate was inherited by other local families, and the Samitier name faded from the English nobility.

Although the title became extinct, the legacy of the Samitier family remained influential in local lore. Their contributions to the agricultural development of Yorkshire and their blending of Spanish and English traditions left a lasting impact on the region. [6] [7]

List of Holders

[edit]
  1. Sebastian Samitier (b. c. 1500 – d. unknown) – First Baron of Highmere. Awarded the title by King Henry VIII for services during the Dissolution of the Monasteries and involvement in managing church lands in Yorkshire.
  2. John Samitier (b. c. 1550 – d. unknown) – Second holder, likely son or relative of Sebastian. Held the title during the late 16th century.
  3. Thomas Samitier (b. c. 1600 – d. unknown) – Third holder, possibly son or grandson of the previous holder. Further details about his life and contributions are unclear.
  4. Henry Samitier (b. c. 1650 – d. early 18th century) – Last holder of the title, with the title becoming extinct after his death due to a lack of male heirs.

Legacy

[edit]

While the title of Baron of Highmere is no longer in use, the Samitier family’s role in Yorkshire’s agricultural development and their integration of Spanish techniques in England left a significant legacy. Their story has been remembered in local histories, though records about the family have largely faded over time.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ G.W. Bernard, The Tudor Nobility (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
  2. ^ Chris Given-Wilson, The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages (London: Routledge, 1987).
  3. ^ James G. Clark, The Dissolution of the Monasteries: A New History (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
  4. ^ James E. Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1882).
  5. ^ Jorge Majfud, Spanish Influence on English Culture, 1485–1650 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
  6. ^ Victoria County History, History of Yorkshire (London: British History Online, 1914).
  7. ^ Dictionary of National Biography (London: Oxford University Press, 2004).

See also

[edit]
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