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{{short description|German painter and lithographer}}
{{Short description|German painter and lithographer (1805–1873)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Franz Xaver Winterhalter
| name = Franz Xaver Winterhalter
| image = Franz Xaver Winterhalter BNF Gallica.jpg
| image = Franz Xaver Winterhalter BNF Gallica.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1865
| caption = Winterhalter in 1865
| birth_date = {{birth date|1805|4|20|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1805|4|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sankt Blasien|Menzenschwand]], [[Black Forest]], [[Electorate of Baden]]
| birth_place = [[Sankt Blasien|Menzenschwand]], [[Black Forest]], [[Electorate of Baden]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1873|7|8|1805|4|20|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1873|7|8|1805|4|20|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[German Empire]]
| death_place = [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[German Empire]]
⚫
| field = Painting, litography
| nationality = German
⚫
| field = Painting
| movement =
| movement =
|module={{Infobox person|child=yes
| signature = Signatur Franz Xaver Winterhalter.PNG}}
}}
}}
'''Franz Xaver Winterhalter''' (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a German painter and [[lithography|lithographer]], known for his flattering portraits of royalty and upper-class society in the mid-19th century. His name has become associated with fashionable court [[portrait painting|portraiture]]. Among his best known works are ''[[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting'' (1855) and the portraits he made of Empress [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Elisabeth of Austria]] (1865).
'''Franz Xaver Winterhalter''' (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a German painter and [[lithography|lithographer]], known for his flattering portraits of royalty and upper-class society in the mid-19th century. His name has become associated with fashionable court [[portrait painting|portraiture]]. Among his best known works are ''[[Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting]]'' (1855) and the portraits he made of Empress [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Elisabeth of Austria]] (1865).


== Early years ==
==Early years==
Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born in the small village of [[Menzenschwand]], (now part of [[Sankt Blasien]]), in Germany's [[Black Forest]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Paul Getty|first1=J|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/724/franz-xaver-winterhalter-german-1805-1873/|website=The J. Paul Getty Museum|publisher=J Paul Getty Trust|accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref> in the [[Electorate of Baden]], on 20 April 1805.<ref name=obo18>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 18.</ref> He was the sixth child of Fidel Winterhalter (1773–1863), a farmer and resin producer in the village, and his wife Eva Meyer (1765–1838), a member of a long established Menzenschwand family.<ref name=obo18/> His father was of peasant stock and was a powerful influence in his life. Of the eight brothers and sisters, only four survived infancy. Throughout his life Franz Xaver remained very close to his family, in particular to his brother [[Hermann Winterhalter|Hermann]] (1808–1891), who was also a painter.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 19.</ref>
Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born in the small village of [[Menzenschwand]] (now part of [[Sankt Blasien]]), in Germany's [[Black Forest]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Paul Getty|first1=J|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/724/franz-xaver-winterhalter-german-1805-1873/|website=The J. Paul Getty Museum|publisher=J Paul Getty Trust|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> in the [[Electorate of Baden]], on 20 April 1805.<ref name=obo18>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 18.</ref> He was the sixth child of Fidel Winterhalter (1773–1863), a farmer and resin producer in the village, and his wife Eva Meyer (1765–1838), a member of a long established Menzenschwand family.<ref name=obo18/> His father was of peasant stock and was a powerful influence in his life. Of the eight brothers and sisters, only four survived infancy. Throughout his life Franz Xaver remained very close to his family, in particular to his brother [[Hermann Winterhalter|Hermann]] (1808–1891), who was also a painter.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 19.</ref>


After attending school at a [[Benedictine]] monastery in St. Blasien, Winterhalter left Menzenschwand in 1818 at the age of 13 to study drawing and engraving.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 20.</ref> He trained as a draughtsman and lithographer in the workshop of Karl Ludwig Schüler (1785–1852) in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]]. In 1823, at the age of 18, he went to Munich, sponsored by the industrialist Baron von Eichtal (1775–1850).<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 21.</ref> In 1825, he was granted a stipend by Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (1763–1830) and began a course of study at the Academy of Arts in [[Munich]] with [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867), whose academic methods made him uncomfortable. Winterhalter found a more congenial mentor in the fashionable portraitist [[Joseph Karl Stieler]] (1781–1858). During this time, he supported himself working as lithographer.<ref name=obo25>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 25.</ref>
After attending school at a [[Benedictine]] monastery in St. Blasien, Winterhalter left Menzenschwand in 1818 at the age of 13 to study drawing and engraving.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 20.</ref> He trained as a draughtsman and lithographer in the workshop of Karl Ludwig Schüler (1785–1852) in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]]. In 1823, at the age of 18, he went to Munich, sponsored by the industrialist Baron von Eichtal (1775–1850).<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 21.</ref> In 1825, he was granted a stipend by [[Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden|Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (1763–1830)]] and began a course of study at the Academy of Arts in [[Munich]] with [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867), whose academic methods made him uncomfortable. Winterhalter found a more congenial mentor in the fashionable portraitist [[Joseph Karl Stieler]] (1781–1858). During this time, he supported himself working as lithographer.<ref name=obo25>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 25.</ref>


Winterhalter entered court circles when in 1828 he became drawing master to [[Sophie of Sweden|Sophie Margravine of Baden]], at [[Karlsruhe]].<ref name=obo25/> His opportunity to establish himself beyond southern Germany came in 1832 when he was able to travel to Italy, 1833–1834, with the support of [[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden|Grand Duke Leopold of Baden]]. In Rome he composed romantic genre scenes in the manner of [[Louis Léopold Robert]] and attached himself to the circle of the director of the French Academy, [[Horace Vernet]]. On his return to Karlsruhe he painted portraits of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and his wife, and was appointed painter to the grand-ducal court.
Winterhalter entered court circles when in 1828 he became drawing master to [[Sophie of Sweden|Sophie Margravine of Baden]], at [[Karlsruhe]].<ref name=obo25/> His opportunity to establish himself beyond southern Germany came in 1832 when he was able to travel to Italy, 1833–1834, with the support of [[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden|Grand Duke Leopold of Baden]]. In Rome he composed romantic genre scenes in the manner of [[Louis Léopold Robert]] and attached himself to the circle of the director of the French Academy, [[Horace Vernet]]. On his return to Karlsruhe he painted portraits of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and his wife, and was appointed painter to the grand-ducal court.
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Nevertheless, he left Baden to move to France, where his Italian genre scene ''Il dolce Farniente'' attracted notice at the Salon of 1836. ''Il Decameron'' a year later was also praised; both paintings are academic compositions in the style of [[Raphael]]. In the Salon of 1838 he exhibited a portrait of [[Napoléon Alexandre Berthier|the Prince of Wagram]] with his young daughter. His career as a portrait painter was soon secured when in the same year he painted [[Louise-Marie of France|Louise Marie of Orleans]], Queen of the Belgians, and [[Leopold II of Belgium|her son]]. It was probably through this painting that Winterhalter came to the notice of [[Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies]], Queen of the French, mother of the Queen of the Belgians.
Nevertheless, he left Baden to move to France, where his Italian genre scene ''Il dolce Farniente'' attracted notice at the Salon of 1836. ''Il Decameron'' a year later was also praised; both paintings are academic compositions in the style of [[Raphael]]. In the Salon of 1838 he exhibited a portrait of [[Napoléon Alexandre Berthier|the Prince of Wagram]] with his young daughter. His career as a portrait painter was soon secured when in the same year he painted [[Louise-Marie of France|Louise Marie of Orleans]], Queen of the Belgians, and [[Leopold II of Belgium|her son]]. It was probably through this painting that Winterhalter came to the notice of [[Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies]], Queen of the French, mother of the Queen of the Belgians.


== Court painter ==
==Court painter==
[[File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter - Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya|Leonilla Bariatinskaia Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn]] (1843), J. Paul [[Getty Museum]], Los Angeles. Winterhalter contrasted sumptuous fabrics and vivid colors against creamy flesh to heighten the sensuality of the pose, the model, and the luxuriant setting.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 185.</ref>]]
[[File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter - Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya|Leonilla Bariatinskaia Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn]] (1843), J. Paul [[Getty Museum]], Los Angeles. Winterhalter contrasted sumptuous fabrics and vivid colors against creamy flesh to heighten the sensuality of the pose, the model, and the luxuriant setting.<ref>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 185.</ref>]]
In Paris, Winterhalter quickly became fashionable. He was appointed [[court painter]] of [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis-Philippe]], the king of the French, who commissioned him to paint individual portraits of his large family. Winterhalter would execute more than thirty commissions for him.
In Paris, Winterhalter quickly became fashionable. He was appointed [[court painter]] of [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis-Philippe]], the king of the French, who commissioned him to paint individual portraits of his large family. Winterhalter would execute more than thirty commissions for him.
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However, Winterhalter's reputation in artistic circles suffered. The critics, who had praised his debut in the salon of 1836, dismissed him as a painter who could not be taken seriously. This attitude persisted throughout Winterhalter's career, condemning his work to a category of his own in the hierarchy of painting. Winterhalter himself regarded his first royal commissions as a temporary intermission before returning to [[subject painting]] and the field of academic respectability, but he was a victim of his own success, and for the rest of his life he worked almost exclusively as a portrait painter. His success in this field made him rich. Winterhalter became an international celebrity enjoying Royal patronage.
However, Winterhalter's reputation in artistic circles suffered. The critics, who had praised his debut in the salon of 1836, dismissed him as a painter who could not be taken seriously. This attitude persisted throughout Winterhalter's career, condemning his work to a category of his own in the hierarchy of painting. Winterhalter himself regarded his first royal commissions as a temporary intermission before returning to [[subject painting]] and the field of academic respectability, but he was a victim of his own success, and for the rest of his life he worked almost exclusively as a portrait painter. His success in this field made him rich. Winterhalter became an international celebrity enjoying Royal patronage.


[[File:Winterhalter Katarzyna Potocka.jpg|thumb|left|''Katarzyna Potocka in oriental costume'' (1854), [[National Museum, Warsaw|National Museum]], [[Warsaw]]. Countess Potocka sat for this portrait in Paris, where she went after returning from a trip to the [[Holy Land]]. [[Róża Potocka (1849–1937)|Róża Krasińska]], who with her mother went to Paris, wrote that she was "a few times in the Winterhalter's studio, while the mother posed for her portraits".<ref>{{cite book |first=Aldona |last=Cholewianka-Kruszyńska |title=Panny Branickie z Białej Cerkwi na portretach F. X. Winterhaltera |year=2001 |pages=14–21|volume=9 |publisher=Gazeta Antykwaryczna}}</ref>]]
[[File:Winterhalter Katarzyna Potocka.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Katarzyna Branicka|Katarzyna Potocka]] in oriental costume'' (1854), [[National Museum, Warsaw|National Museum]], [[Warsaw]]. Countess Potocka sat for this portrait in Paris, where she went after returning from a trip to the [[Holy Land]]. [[Róża Potocka (1849–1937)|Róża Krasińska]], who with her mother went to Paris, wrote that she was "a few times in the Winterhalter's studio, while the mother posed for her portraits".<ref>{{cite book |first=Aldona |last=Cholewianka-Kruszyńska |title=Panny Branickie z Białej Cerkwi na portretach F. X. Winterhaltera |year=2001 |pages=14–21|volume=9 |publisher=Gazeta Antykwaryczna}}</ref>]]


Among his many regal sitters was also [[Queen Victoria]]. Winterhalter first visited England in 1842, and returned several times to paint Victoria, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] and their growing family, painting at least 120 works for them, a large number of which remain in the [[Royal Collection]], on display to the public at [[Buckingham Palace]] and other royal residences. On display at [[Osborne House]] is ''[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]]'', given by Victoria as a birthday present for Albert in 1852.<ref name="RCT">{{cite web |title=Florinda Signed and dated 1852 |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/404860/florinda |website=Royal Collections Trust |accessdate=5 November 2019}}</ref> Winterhalter also painted a few portraits of the aristocracy in England, mostly members of court circles. The fall of Louis-Philippe in 1848 did not affect the painter's reputation. Winterhalter went to [[Switzerland]] and worked in Belgium and England.
Among his many regal sitters was also [[Queen Victoria]]. Winterhalter first visited England in 1842, and returned several times to paint Victoria, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] and their growing family, painting at least 120 works for them, a large number of which remain in the [[Royal Collection]], on display to the public at [[Buckingham Palace]] and other royal residences. On display at [[Osborne House]] is ''[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]]'', given by Victoria as a birthday present for Albert in 1852.<ref name="RCT">{{cite web |title=Florinda Signed and dated 1852 |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/404860/florinda |website=Royal Collections Trust |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref> Winterhalter also painted a few portraits of the aristocracy in England, mostly members of court circles. The fall of Louis-Philippe in 1848 did not affect the painter's reputation. Winterhalter went to [[Switzerland]] and worked in Belgium and England.
[[Image:Winterhalter Franz Xavier The Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting.jpg|thumb|300px|''The [[Empress Eugénie]] Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting'' (1855), [[Château de Compiègne]]. Taking its inspiration from 18th-century bucolic scenes, this monumental composition sets the empress and her entourage against the backdrop of a shady clearing in a forest. However, the composition is very artificial and formal. The empress, slightly to the left of center, is encircled by and dominates the group.]]
[[Image:Winterhalter Franz Xavier The Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting|The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting]]'' (1855), [[Château de Compiègne]]. Taking its inspiration from 18th-century bucolic scenes, this monumental composition sets [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] and her entourage against the backdrop of a shady clearing in a forest. However, the composition is very artificial and formal. The empress, slightly to the left of center, is encircled by and dominates the group.]]
Persistence saw Winterhalter survive from the fall of one dynasty to the rise of another. Paris remained his home until a couple of years before his death. In the same year, his marriage proposal was rejected, and Winterhalter remained a bachelor committed to his work.
Persistence saw Winterhalter survive from the fall of one dynasty to the rise of another. Paris remained his home until a couple of years before his death. In the same year, his marriage proposal was rejected, and Winterhalter remained a bachelor committed to his work.


After the accession of [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]], his popularity grew. From then on, under the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], Winterhalter became the chief portraitist of the imperial family and court of France. The beautiful French [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] became a favorite sitter, and she treated him generously. In 1855 Winterhalter painted his masterpiece: ''The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting''. He set the French Empress in a [[pastoral]] setting gathering flowers in a harmonious circle with her ladies in waiting. The painting was acclaimed and exhibited in the universal exposition in 1855. It remains Winterhalter's most famous work. The composition shows a marked similarity to ''[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]]'' and this gave rise to scandalous gossip that the Empress and her ladies had posed ''déshabillé'' for the earlier painting.<ref name="RCT" />
After the accession of [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]], his popularity grew. From then on, under the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], Winterhalter became the chief portraitist of the imperial family and court of France. The French [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] became a favorite sitter, and she treated him generously. In 1855 Winterhalter painted his masterpiece: ''The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting''. He set the French Empress in a [[pastoral]] setting gathering flowers in a harmonious circle with her ladies in waiting. The painting was acclaimed and exhibited in the universal exposition in 1855. It remains Winterhalter's most famous work. The composition shows a marked similarity to ''[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]]'' and this gave rise to scandalous gossip that the Empress and her ladies had posed ''[[wikt:déshabillé|déshabillé]]'' for the earlier painting.<ref name="RCT" />


In 1852, he went to Spain to paint Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] with [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)|her daughter]]. Russian aristocratic visitors to Paris also liked to have their portraits executed by the famous master. As the "Painter of Princes", Winterhalter was thereafter in constant demand by the courts of Britain (from 1841), Spain, [[Belgium]], Russia, [[Mexico]], the German states, and France. During the 1850s and 1860s, Winterhalter painted a number of important portraits of Polish and Russian aristocrats. In 1857, he painted the portrait of [[Tsaritsa|Tsarina]] [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Maria Alexandrovna]].
In 1852, he went to Spain to paint Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] with [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)|her daughter]]. Russian aristocratic visitors to Paris also liked to have their portraits executed by the famous master. As the "Painter of Princes", Winterhalter was thereafter in constant demand by the courts of Britain (from 1841), Spain, Belgium, Russia, Mexico, the German states, and France. During the 1850s and 1860s, Winterhalter painted a number of important portraits of Polish and Russian aristocrats. In 1857, he painted the portrait of [[Tsaritsa|Tsarina]] [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Maria Alexandrovna]]. During this time he also painted portraits of members of the André family, including the art collector [[Édouard André (art collector)|Édouard André]], Henriette André Walther, and Ernest André, which now hang in the [[Musée Jacquemart-André]] in Paris.


During the [[Second Mexican Empire]] in the 1860s, headed by [[Maximilian I of Mexico]], Winterhalter was commissioned to paint portraits of the Imperial couple. The Empress consort of Mexico, [[Charlotte of Belgium]] was the daughter of [[Louise-Marie of France]], Queen of the Belgians, whom Winterhalter painted at the beginning of his career in France. Some of Winterhalter's paintings of the Mexican monarchs still remain in their Mexico City palace, [[Chapultepec Castle]], now the National Museum of History.
During the [[Second Mexican Empire]] in the 1860s, headed by [[Maximilian I of Mexico]], Winterhalter was commissioned to paint portraits of the Imperial couple. The Empress consort of Mexico, [[Charlotte of Belgium]] was the daughter of [[Louise-Marie of France]], Queen of the Belgians, whom Winterhalter painted at the beginning of his career in France. Some of Winterhalter's paintings of the Mexican monarchs still remain in their Mexico City palace, [[Chapultepec Castle]], now the National Museum of History.


== Last years ==
==Last years==
[[Image:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Portrait of Madame Barbe de Rimsky-Korsakov.jpg|thumb|left|'' Barbe Dmitrievna Mergassov Madame Rimsky-Korsakov'' (1864), oil on canvas, 117 × 90 cm, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris''.]]
[[Image:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Portrait of Madame Barbe de Rimsky-Korsakov.jpg|thumb|left|'' Barbe Dmitrievna Mergassov Madame Rimsky-Korsakov'' (1864), oil on canvas, 117 × 90&nbsp;cm, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris''.]]


To deal with those pressing for portrait commissions, many of whom were calling for multiple replicas, Winterhalter made extensive use of assistants. No portrait painter had ever enjoyed such an extraordinary royal patronage as Winterhalter; only [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]] and [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]] worked as he did in an international network.
To deal with those pressing for portrait commissions, many of whom were calling for multiple replicas, Winterhalter made extensive use of assistants. No portrait painter had ever enjoyed such an extraordinary royal patronage as Winterhalter; only [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]], [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]] and [[Thomas Lawrence]] worked as he did in an international network.


Winterhalter sought respite from the pressures of his work with holidays abroad in Italy, Switzerland, and above all Germany. Despite the many years, he lived in France, he remained deeply attached to his native country. For all his success and popularity, Winterhalter continued to live simply and abstemiously. In 1859 he bought a villa in [[Baden-Baden]], his favorite vacation spot.
Winterhalter sought respite from the pressures of his work with holidays abroad in Italy, Switzerland, and above all Germany. Despite the many years he lived in France, he remained deeply attached to his native country. For all his success and popularity, Winterhalter continued to live simply and abstemiously. In 1859 he bought a villa in [[Baden-Baden]], his favorite vacation spot.


In 1864 Winterhalter made his last visit to England. In the autumn of that year he traveled to Vienna to execute the portraits of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph]] and [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Empress Elisabeth]] that remain among his most well-known works. As he grew older, Winterhalter's links with France weakened while his interest in Germany grew. He was taking a cure in Switzerland at the outbreak of the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the war that ended the [[Second French Empire]]. After the war, the painter did not return to France, going instead to [[Baden]]. He was officially still accredited at the court of Baden and he settled in [[Karlsruhe]]. In the last two years of his life Winterhalter painted very little. During a visit to [[Frankfurt am Main]] in the summer of 1873 he contracted [[typhus]] and died on 8 July. He was 68 years old.
In 1864, Winterhalter made his last visit to England. In the autumn of that year, he traveled to Vienna to execute the portraits of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph]] and [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Empress Elisabeth]] that remain among his most well-known works. As he grew older, Winterhalter's links with France weakened while his interest in Germany grew. He was taking a cure in Switzerland at the outbreak of the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the war that ended the [[Second French Empire]]. After the war, the painter did not return to France, going instead to [[Baden]]. He was officially still accredited at the court of Baden, and he settled in [[Karlsruhe]]. In the last two years of his life, Winterhalter painted very little. During a visit to [[Frankfurt am Main]] in the summer of 1873, he contracted [[typhus]] and died on 8 July. He was 68 years old.


== Style ==
==Style==
[[Image:Empress Elisabeth of Austria with diamond stars on her hair.jpg|thumb|''[[Elisabeth of Bavaria]], Empress of Austria'' (1865), oil on canvas, 255 × 133 cm, [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]]. This portrait presents the empress in a romantic fashion, enhancing her reputation as one of the great beauties of her time.<ref name=obo217>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 217.</ref> The empress appears in a sensual pose with naked shoulders and turning her head towards the viewer. She is wearing a white satin and tulle dress dotted with silver foil stars and with diamond stars in her hair. This portrait is one of Empress Elisabeth's most iconic representations and one of Winterhalter's best-known works.<ref name=obo217/>]]
[[Image:Empress Elisabeth of Austria with diamond stars on her hair.jpg|thumb|''[[Elisabeth of Bavaria]], Empress of Austria'' (1865), oil on canvas, 255 × 133&nbsp;cm, [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]]. This portrait presents the empress in a romantic fashion, enhancing her reputation as one of the great beauties of her time.<ref name=obo217>Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 217.</ref> The empress appears in a sensual pose with naked shoulders and turning her head towards the viewer. She is wearing a white satin and tulle dress dotted with silver foil stars and with diamond stars in her hair. This portrait is one of Empress Elisabeth's most iconic representations and one of Winterhalter's best-known works.<ref name=obo217/>]]


Winterhalter came into his own as a portrait painter during the second Empire and he painted his best work during the last two decades of his life. He matched his style to the luxury and relaxed atmosphere of the age, its [[hedonism]] and gaiety. His female sitters of the 1850s and 1860s inhabit a different physiological climate from those he painted earlier; they are not reticent and reserved. His male sitters inspired few original or memorable compositions.
Winterhalter came into his own as a portrait painter during the second Empire and he painted his best work during the last two decades of his life. He matched his style to the luxury and relaxed atmosphere of the age, its [[hedonism]] and gaiety. His female sitters of the 1850s and 1860s inhabit a different physiological climate from those he painted earlier; they are not reticent and reserved. His male sitters inspired few original or memorable compositions.
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Concerning Winterhalter's method of working, it is thought that, practiced as he was at drawing and representing figures, he painted directly onto the canvas without making preliminary studies. He frequently decided upon the dress and pose of the sitter. His style was suave, [[Multicultural|cosmopolitan]] and plausible. Many of the portraits were copied in his workshop or reproduced as lithographs.
Concerning Winterhalter's method of working, it is thought that, practiced as he was at drawing and representing figures, he painted directly onto the canvas without making preliminary studies. He frequently decided upon the dress and pose of the sitter. His style was suave, [[Multicultural|cosmopolitan]] and plausible. Many of the portraits were copied in his workshop or reproduced as lithographs.


As an artist he remained a difficult figure to place; there are few painters with whom to compare him, and he does not fit into any school. His early affinities were [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] but his style can be described as Neo-[[Rococo]]. After his death, his painting fell out of favor, being considered romantic, glossy, and superficial. Little was known about him personally and his art was not taken seriously until recently. However, a major exhibition of his work at the [[National Portrait Gallery (London)|National Portrait Gallery]] (United Kingdom) in London and the [[Petit Palais]] in Paris in 1987 brought him into the limelight again. His paintings are exhibited today in leading European and American museums.
As an artist, he remained a difficult figure to place; there are few painters with whom to compare him, and he does not fit into any school. His early affinities were [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] but his style can be described as Neo-[[Rococo]]. After his death, his painting fell out of favor, being considered romantic, glossy, and superficial. Little was known about him personally and his art was not taken seriously until recently. However, a major exhibition of his work at the [[National Portrait Gallery (London)|National Portrait Gallery]] (United Kingdom) in London and the [[Petit Palais]] in Paris in 1987 brought him into the limelight again. His paintings are exhibited today in leading European and American museums.


[[File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Family of Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|center|650px|[[Queen Victoria]] and Prince Albert's family in 1846 by [[Franz Xaver Winterhalter]] ''left to right'': [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]] ([[breeching (boys)|unbreeched]] at two years); [[Edward VII|the Prince of Wales]]; [[Queen Victoria]]; [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]; and Princesses [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Alice]], [[Princess Helena of the United Kingdom|Helena]] and [[Victoria, Princess Royal|Victoria]]]]
[[File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Family of Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|center|650px|[[Queen Victoria]] and Prince Albert's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter ''left to right'': [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]] ([[breeching (boys)|unbreeched]] at two years); [[Edward VII|the Prince of Wales]]; [[Queen Victoria]]; [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]; and Princesses [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Alice]], [[Princess Helena of the United Kingdom|Helena]] and [[Victoria, Princess Royal|Victoria]]]]

==Selected artworks==
⚫
<ref>{{cite web|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|url=http://www.wikiart.org/en/franz-xaver-winterhalter/mode/all-paintings-by-alphabet/1|website=WikiArt (WikiPaintings)|publisher=WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>


⚫
==All artworks<ref>{{cite web|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|url=http://www.wikiart.org/en/franz-xaver-winterhalter/mode/all-paintings-by-alphabet/1|website=WikiArt (WikiPaintings)|publisher=WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia|accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref>==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
*A Swiss Girl from Interlaken
*''A Swiss Girl from Interlaken''
*A Young Girl called Princess Charlotte, 1864
*''A Young Girl called Princess Charlotte'', 1864
*Adelina Patti, 1863
*''Adelina Patti'', 1863
*Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 1846
*''Albert Edward, Prince of Wales'', 1846
*Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
*''Albert Edward, Prince of Wales''
*Albert, Prince Consort, 1859
*''Albert, Prince Consort'', 1859
*Alexandra Feodorovna, 1856
*''Alexandra Feodorovna'', 1856
*Alexandra Iosifovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, Princess Alexandra of Altenburg
*''Alexandra Iosifovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, Princess Alexandra of Altenburg''
*Alexandra, Princess of Wales, 1864
*''Alexandra, Princess of Wales'', 1864
*Alfred Emilien, Comte de Nieuwerkerke, 1852
*''Alfred Emilien, Comte de Nieuwerkerke'', 1852
*Anna Dollfus, Baronness de Bourgoing, 1855
*''Anna Dollfus, Baronness de Bourgoing'', 1855
*Antoine-Marie-Philippe-Louis d'Orleans Duc de Montpensier, 1844
*''Antoine-Marie-Philippe-Louis d'Orleans Duc de Montpensier'', 1844
*Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with Sir Robert Peel, 1844
*''Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with Sir Robert Peel'', 1844
*Barbara Dmitrievna Mergassov-Rimsky-Korsakova, 1864
*''Barbara Dmitrievna Mergassov-Rimsky-Korsakova'', 1864
*Caroline Elisabeth de Lagrange, 1841
*''Caroline Elisabeth de Lagrange'', 1841
*Charles Jerome, Comte Pozzo di Borgo, 1849
*''Charles Jerome, Comte Pozzo di Borgo'', 1849
*Charlotte Stuart, Viscountess Canning, 1849
*''Charlotte Stuart, Viscountess Canning'', 1849
*Charlotte, Princess of Belgium
*''Charlotte, Princess of Belgium''
*Carlota, Empress of Mexico (Princess Charlotte of Belgium)
*''Carlota, Empress of Mexico'' (Princess Charlotte of Belgium)
*Chopin
*''Chopin''
*Count Jenison Walworth, 1837
*''Count Jenison Walworth'', 1837
*Countess Alexander Nikolaevitch Lamsdorff, 1859
*''Countess Alexander Nikolaevitch Lamsdorff'', 1859
*Edouard Andre, 1857
*''Edouard Andre'', 1857
*Elisabeth Kaiserin von Österreich, 1865
*''Elisabeth Kaiserin von Österreich'', 1865
*Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, 1865
*''Elizabeth, Empress of Austria'', 1865
*Elzbieta Branicka, Countess Krasinka and her Children, 1853
*''Elzbieta Branicka, Countess Krasinka and her Children'', 1853
*Emperor Don Maximiliano I of Mexico, c.1865
*''Emperor Don Maximiliano I of Mexico'', {{Circa|1865}}
*Emperor Frederick III of Germany, King of Prussia with his wife Empress Victoria, and their children Prince William and Princess Charlotte, 1862
*''Emperor Frederick III of Germany, King of Prussia with his wife Empress Victoria, and their children Prince William and Princess Charlotte'', 1862
*Emperor Napoleon III
*''Emperor Napoleon III''
*Empress Elisabeth of Austria in dancing dress, 1865
*''Empress Elisabeth of Austria in dancing dress'', 1865
*Empress Eugenie
*''Empress Eugenie''
*Empress Eugenie, 1853
*''Empress Eugenie'', 1853
*Empress Eugenie, Surrounded by her Ladies-in-Waiting, 1855
*''Empress Eugenie, Surrounded by her Ladies-in-Waiting'', 1855
*Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of France, 1857
*''Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of France'', 1857
*Eugénie, Empress Consort of the French, 1864
*''Eugénie, Empress Consort of the French'', 1864
*Eugenie, Empress of the French
*''Eugenie, Empress of the French''
*[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]], 1853
*''[[Florinda (painting)|Florinda]]'', 1853
*Francois Ferdinand Philippe d'Orleans Prince de Joinville, 1843
*''Francois Ferdinand Philippe d'Orleans Prince de Joinville'', 1843
*Francois-Horace, 1841
*''Francois-Horace'', 1841
*Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria wearing the dress uniform of an Austrian Field Marshal with the Great Star of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1865
*''Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria wearing the dress uniform of an Austrian Field Marshal with the Great Star of the Military Order of Maria Theresa'', 1865
*Frubling
*''Frubling''
*Girl from Sabin Mountains, 1840
*''Girl from Sabin Mountains'', 1840
*Grand Duchess of Russia, Olga Feodorovna
*''Grand Duchess of Russia, Olga Feodorovna''
*Grand Duchess Olga
*''Grand Duchess Olga''
*Harriet Howard, Duchess of Sutherland, 1849
*''Harriet Howard, Duchess of Sutherland'', 1849
*Helene-Louise de Mecklembourg-Schwerin, Duchess of Orleans with his son Count of Paris, 1839
*''Helene-Louise de Mecklembourg-Schwerin, Duchess of Orleans with his son Count of Paris'', 1839
*Henri Eugene Philippe Duc d'Aumale, Commander of the 17th Battalion of the Light Infantry
*''Henri Eugene Philippe Duc d'Aumale, Commander of the 17th Battalion of the Light Infantry''
*His Royal Highness Prince Albert
*''His Royal Highness Prince Albert''
*Il dolce Farniente, 1836
*''Il dolce Farniente'', 1836
*Italian woman with child
*''Italian woman with child''
*Jadwiga Potocka, Countess Branicka
*''Jadwiga Potocka, Countess Branicka''
*Kaiserin Auguste
*''Kaiserin Auguste''
*Karl Josef Berkmuller, 1830
*''Karl Josef Berkmuller'', 1830
*La Siesta, 1841
*''La Siesta'', 1841
*Lady Clementina Augusta Wellington Child Villiers, 1857
*''Lady Clementina Augusta Wellington Child Villiers'', 1857
*Leonilla Wittgenstein, 1849
*''Leonilla Wittgenstein'', 1849
*Leopold I
*''Leopold I''
*Leopold I, 1840
*''Leopold I'', 1840
*Leopold, Duke of Brabant
*''Leopold, Duke of Brabant''
*Linden d'Hooghvorst, 1855
*''Linden d'Hooghvorst'', 1855
*Louis Philippe, 1841
*''Louis Philippe'', 1841
*Louis Philippe I, King of the French, 1840
*''Louis Philippe I, King of the French'', 1840
*Louis-Charles-Philippe of Orleans Duke of Nemours, 1843
*''Louis-Charles-Philippe of Orleans Duke of Nemours'', 1843
*Louis-Philippe I, King of France
*''Louis-Philippe I, King of France''
*Ludwig, Graf Von Langenstein, 1834
*''Ludwig, Graf Von Langenstein'', 1834
*Maria Carolina de Borbó Dues Sicílies
*''Maria Carolina de Borbó Dues Sicílies''
*Maria Cristina di Borbone, Princess of the Two Sicilies, c.1818
*''Maria Cristina di Borbone, Princess of the Two Sicilies'', {{Circa|1818}}
*Maria Louise of Wagram Princess of Murat, 1854
*''Maria Louise of Wagram Princess of Murat'', 1854
*Maria Luisa von Spanien, 1847
*''Maria Luisa von Spanien'', 1847
*Marie Christine d'Orléans
*''Marie Christine d'Orléans''
*Marie Henriette of Austria
*''Marie Henriette of Austria''
*Markgräfin Sophie von Baden, 1830
*''Markgräfin Sophie von Baden'', 1830
*Maximiliaan van Oostenrijk
*''Maximiliaan van Oostenrijk''
*Maximilian
*''Maximilian''
*Melanie de Bussiere, Comtesse Edmond de Pourtales, 1857
*''Melanie de Bussiere, Comtesse Edmond de Pourtales'', 1857
*Painting of baby Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
*''Painting of baby Princess Alice of the United Kingdom''
*Painting of the Count of Eu as a child
*''Painting of the Count of Eu as a child''
*Pauline Sandor, Princess Metternich, 1860
*''Pauline Sandor, Princess Metternich'', 1860
*Pincess Clothilde von Saxen Coburg, 1855
*''Princess Clothilde von Saxen Coburg'', 1855
*Portrait équestre de François Adolphe Akermann, 1870
*''Portrait équestre de François Adolphe Akermann'', 1870
*Portrait of a lady, 1872
*''Portrait of a lady'', 1872
*Portrait of a Lady, 1860
*''Portrait of a Lady'', 1860
*Portrait of a lady with a fan, 1850
*''Portrait of a lady with a fan'', 1850
*Portrait of a lady with roses in her hair, (Countess Pushkina)
*''Portrait of a lady with roses in her hair'', (Countess Pushkina)
*Portrait of Amélie of Leuchtenberg
*''Portrait of Amélie of Leuchtenberg''
*Portrait of Augusta of Saxe Weimar Eisenach
*''Portrait of Augusta of Saxe Weimar Eisenach''
*Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium, 1864
*''Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium'', 1864
*Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium, 1864
*''Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium'', 1864
*Portrait of Count Alexei Bobrinsky, 1844
*''Portrait of Count Alexei Bobrinsky'', 1844
*Portrait of Countess Olga Shuvalova, 1858
*''Portrait of Countess Olga Shuvalova'', 1858
*Portrait of Countess Varvara Musina-Pushkina
*''Portrait of Countess Varvara Musina-Pushkina''
*Portrait of Eliza Franciszka of Branicki Krasińska, 1857
*''Portrait of Eliza Franciszka of Branicki Krasińska'', 1857
*Portrait of Emperor Napoleon III, 1855
*''Portrait of Emperor Napoleon III'', 1855
*Portrait of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, 1857
*''Portrait of Empress Maria Alexandrovna'', 1857
*Portrait of Eugénie, Empress of the French, 1862
*''Portrait of Eugénie, Empress of the French'', 1862
*Portrait of Francisca Caroline de Braganca, 1844
*''Portrait of Francisca Caroline de Braganca'', 1844
*Portrait of Francisca Caroline Gonzaga de Bragança, princesse de Joinville, c.1850
*''Portrait of Francisca Caroline Gonzaga de Bragança, princesse de Joinville'', {{Circa|1850}}
*Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna, 1857
*''Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna'', 1857
*Portrait of Grand Princess Yelena Pavlovna, 1862
*''Portrait of Grand Princess Yelena Pavlovna'', 1862
*Portrait of HRH Princess Marie Clementine of Orleans, 1832
*''Portrait of HRH Princess Marie Clementine of Orleans'', 1832
*Portrait of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpesier, c.1847
*''Portrait of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpesier'', {{Circa|1847}}
*Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka, 1854
*''Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka'', 1854
*Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka née Branicka, wife of Adam Potocki, c.1850
*''Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka née Branicka, wife of Adam Potocki'', {{Circa|1850}}
*Portrait of Lady Middleton, 1863
*''Portrait of Lady Middleton'', 1863
*Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein, 1843
*''Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein'', 1843
*Portrait of Leopold I of Belgium, 1846
*''Portrait of Leopold I of Belgium'', 1846
*Portrait of Louis d'Orleans, 1845
*''Portrait of Louis d'Orleans'', 1845
*Portrait of Louises von Orléans, 1841
*''Portrait of Louises von Orléans'', 1841
*Portrait of Lydia Schbelsky Baroness Stael Holstein, 1857
*''Portrait of Lydia Schbelsky Baroness Stael Holstein'', 1857
*Portrait of Madame Ackerman, the wife of the Chief Finance Minister of King Louis Philippe, 1838
*''Portrait of Madame Ackerman, the wife of the Chief Finance Minister of King Louis Philippe'', 1838
*Portrait of Madame Rimsky-Korsakov, Varvara Dmitrievna Mergassov, 1864
*''Portrait of Madame Rimsky-Korsakov, Varvara Dmitrievna Mergassov'', 1864
*Portrait of Marie Louise, the first Queen of the Belgians, c.1841
*''Portrait of Marie Louise, the first Queen of the Belgians'', {{Circa|1841}}
*Portrait of Maximilian I of Mexico
*''Portrait of Maximilian I of Mexico''
*Portrait of Prince Albert, 1843
*''Portrait of Prince Albert'', 1843
*Portrait of Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale, c.1843
*''Portrait of Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale'', {{Circa|1843}}
*Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva, 1857
*''Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva'', 1857
*Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva, 1858
*''Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva'', 1858
*Portrait of Princess of Baden, 1856
*''Portrait of Princess of Baden'', 1856
*Portrait of Princess Tatiana Alexanrovna Yusupova, 1858
*''Portrait of Princess Tatiana Alexanrovna Yusupova'', 1858
*Portrait of Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, 1840
*''Portrait of Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg and Gotha'', 1840
*Portrait of Queen Isabella II of Spain and her daughter Isabella, 1852
*''Portrait of Queen Isabella II of Spain and her daughter Isabella'', 1852
*Portrait of Queen Sophie of Netherlands, born Sophie of Württemberg, 1863
*''Portrait of Queen Sophie of Netherlands, born Sophie of Württemberg'', 1863
*Portrait of Sophia Alexandrovna Radziwiłł, 1864
*''Portrait of Sophia Alexandrovna Radziwiłł'', 1864
*Portrait of the Empress Eugénie, 1853
*''Portrait of the Empress Eugénie'', 1853
*Portrait of the Prince de Wagram and his daughter Malcy Louise Caroline Frederique Napoléon Alexandre Berthier, 1837
*''Portrait of the Prince de Wagram and his daughter Malcy Louise Caroline Frederique Napoléon Alexandre Berthier'', 1837
*Portrait of the Queen Marie Amelie of France, 1842
*''Portrait of the Queen Marie Amelie of France'', 1842
*Portrait of the Queen Olga of Württemberg, 1865
*''Portrait of the Queen Olga of Württemberg'', 1865
*Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom, 1843
*''Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom'', 1843
*Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom, c.1844 – c.1845
*''Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom'', {{Circa|1844|1845}}
*Portrait of Victoria, Princess Royal, 1857
*''Portrait of Victoria, Princess Royal'', 1857
*Prince Albert, 1842
*''Prince Albert'', 1842
*Prince Albert
*''Prince Albert''
*Prince Alfred and Princess Helena, 1849
*''Prince Alfred and Princess Helena'', 1849
*Princes Alice of England, 1861
*''Princess Alice of England'', 1861
*Princess Amelia of Bavaria, 1860
*''Princess Amelia of Bavaria'', 1860
*Princess Beatrice, 1859
*''Princess Beatrice'', 1859
*Princess Catherine Dadiani
*''Princess Catherine Dadiani''
*Princess Charlotte of Belgium, 1842
*''Princess Charlotte of Belgium'', 1842
*Princess Elizabeth Esperovna Belosselsky, 1859
*''Princess Elizabeth Esperovna Belosselsky'', 1859
*Princess Kotschoubey, 1860
*''Princess Kotschoubey'', 1860
*Princess Leonilla of Sayn
*''Princess Leonilla of Sayn''
*Princess Mathilde Bonaparte
*''Princess Mathilde Bonaparte''
*Princess Pauline de Metternich, 1860
*''Princess Pauline de Metternich'', 1860
*Princess Tatiana Yussupova, 1858
*''Princess Tatiana Yussupova'', 1858
*Queen Victoria, 1843
*''Queen Victoria'', 1843
*Queen Victoria, 1859
*''Queen Victoria'', 1859
*Queen Victoria, 1842
*''Queen Victoria'', 1842
*Queen Victoria and Prince Albert with the Family of King Louis Philippe at the Chateau, 1845
*''Queen Victoria and Prince Albert with the Family of King Louis Philippe at the Chateau'', 1845
*Queen Victoria with Prince Arthur, 1850
*''Queen Victoria with Prince Arthur'', 1850
*Roman Genre Scene, 1833
*''Roman Genre Scene'', 1833
*Rosa Potocka, 1856
*''Rosa Potocka'', 1856
*Self-Portrait of the Artist with his Brother, Hermann, 1840
*''Self-Portrait of the Artist with his Brother, Hermann'', 1840
*Sofia Gagarina, c.1850
*''Sofia Gagarina'', {{Circa|1850}}
*Sophia Bobrinskaya, 1857
*''Sophia Bobrinskaya'', 1857
*Sophia Frederia of Wurtemberg
*''Sophia Frederia of Wurtemberg''
*Sophia Petrovna Narishkina, 1859
*''Sophia Petrovna Narishkina'', 1859
*Sophie Guillemette, Grand Duchess of Baden, 1831
*''Sophie Guillemette, Grand Duchess of Baden'', 1831
*Sophie Trobetskoy, Duchess of Morny, 1863
*''Sophie Trobetskoy, Duchess of Morny'', 1863
*Spring
*''Spring''
*Study for a portrait of Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
*''Study for a portrait of Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha''
*Study of a Girl in Profile, 1862
*''Study of a Girl in Profile'', 1862
*Study of Italian girl, 1834
*''Study of Italian girl'', 1834
*The Cousins: Queen Victoria and Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours, 1852
*''The Cousins: Queen Victoria and Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours'', 1852
*The daughters of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, 1849
*''The daughters of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert'', 1849
*The Decameron, 1837
*''The Decameron'', 1837
*The Empress Eugénie, 1854
*''The Empress Eugénie'', 1854
*The Empress Eugenie Holding Louis Napoleon, the Prince Imperial, on her Knees, 1857
*''The Empress Eugenie Holding Louis Napoleon, the Prince Imperial, on her Knees'', 1857
*The Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting, 1855
*''The Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting'', 1855
*The First of May, 1851
*''The First of May'', 1851
*The Maharaja Dalip Singh, 1854
*''The Maharaja Dalip Singh'', 1854
*The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal as Crown Princess of Prussia in 1867, 1867
*''The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal as Crown Princess of Prussia in 1867'', 1867
*The Royal Family in 1846, 1846
*''The Royal Family in 1846'', 1846
*Varvara Rimskaya-Korsakova
*''Varvara Rimskaya-Korsakova''
*Victoria, Princess Royal, 1842
*''Victoria, Princess Royal'', 1842
*Wienczyslawa Barczewska, Madame de Jurjewicz, 1860
*''Wienczyslawa Barczewska, Madame de Jurjewicz'', 1860
*William Douglas Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, 1863
*''William Douglas Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton'', 1863
*Young Italian Girl by the Well
*''Young Italian Girl by the Well''
*Zofia Potocka, Countess Zamoyska, 1870
*''Zofia Potocka, Countess Zamoyska'', 1870
}}
}}


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==References==
==References==
*Ormond, Richard, and Blackett-Ord, Carol, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70'', Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8109-3964-9}}.
*[[Richard Louis Ormond|Ormond, Richard]], and Blackett-Ord, Carol, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70'', Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8109-3964-9}}.
*Reisberg von, Eugene Barilo. ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) Catalogue Raisonne'', BvR Arts Management, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-646-47096-2}}.
*Reisberg von, Eugene Barilo. ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) Catalogue Raisonne'', BvR Arts Management, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-646-47096-2}}.
*Kessler Aurisch, Helga et alii: ''High society: the portraits of Franz Xaver Winterhalter''. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers; Houston: In association with The Museum of Fine Arts, Augustinermuseum, Städtische Museen Freiburg, Palais de Compiegne, 2015. {{ISBN|9783897904484}}
*Kessler Aurisch, Helga et alii: ''High society: the portraits of Franz Xaver Winterhalter''. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers; Houston: In association with The Museum of Fine Arts, [[Augustinermuseum]], Städtische Museen Freiburg, Palais de Compiegne, 2015. {{ISBN|9783897904484}}
*Burlion Emmanuel, ''Franz Xaver et Hermann Winterhalter '', Brest, 2016, 175 pages.{{ISBN|978-2-9523754-3-6}}
*Burlion Emmanuel, ''Franz Xaver et Hermann Winterhalter '', Brest, 2016, 175 pages.{{ISBN|978-2-9523754-3-6}}
⚫
* Barilo von Reisberg, Eugene Arnold : ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873): portraiture in the age of social change'', School of Culture and Communication, 2016, [https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/127963]

⚫
* Barilo von Reisberg, Eugene Arnold : ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873): portraiture in the age of social change'', School of Culture and Communication, 2016, [https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/127963]


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Commons category inline|Franz Xaver Winterhalter}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Franz Xaver Winterhalter}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Winterhalter, Franz Xaver|name=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|author=yes}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Winterhalter, Franz Xaver|name=Franz Xaver Winterhalter|author=yes}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130729150905/http://www.winterhalter-menzenschwand.de/en/ Winterhalter in Menzenschwand]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130729150905/http://www.winterhalter-menzenschwand.de/en/ Winterhalter in Menzenschwand]
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*[http://www.abcgallery.com/W/winterhalter/winterhalter.html Olga's Gallery – Online Art Museum]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/W/winterhalter/winterhalter.html Olga's Gallery – Online Art Museum]
*[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/winterhalter_franz_xavier.html Artcyclopedia]
*[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/winterhalter_franz_xavier.html Artcyclopedia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121002163019/http://www.artsmia.org/viewer/detail.php?v=12&id=8517 Portrait of Queen Maria Sophia of Naples attributed to Francis Xavier Winterhalter, Minneapolis Institute of Arts]


{{Franz Xaver Winterhalter}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sankt Blasien]]
[[Category:People from Sankt Blasien]]
⚫
[[Category:People from the Electorate of Baden]]
[[Category:German romantic painters]]
[[Category:German romantic painters]]
[[Category:Academic art]]
[[Category:Academic art]]
[[Category:Court painters]]
[[Category:German court painters]]
[[Category:19th-century German painters]]
[[Category:19th-century German painters]]
[[Category:19th-century German male artists]]
[[Category:German male painters]]
[[Category:German male painters]]
[[Category:Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery]]
[[Category:Romantic painters]]
[[Category:Lithographers]]
⚫
[[Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden]]

Latest revision as of 11:26, 22 November 2024

Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Winterhalter in 1865
Born(1805-04-20)20 April 1805
Menzenschwand, Black Forest, Electorate of Baden
Died8 July 1873(1873-07-08) (aged 68)
Frankfurt am Main, German Empire
Known forPainting, litography
Signature

Franz Xaver Winterhalter (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a German painter and lithographer, known for his flattering portraits of royalty and upper-class society in the mid-19th century. His name has become associated with fashionable court portraiture. Among his best known works are Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting (1855) and the portraits he made of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1865).

Early years

[edit]

Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born in the small village of Menzenschwand (now part of Sankt Blasien), in Germany's Black Forest[1] in the Electorate of Baden, on 20 April 1805.[2] He was the sixth child of Fidel Winterhalter (1773–1863), a farmer and resin producer in the village, and his wife Eva Meyer (1765–1838), a member of a long established Menzenschwand family.[2] His father was of peasant stock and was a powerful influence in his life. Of the eight brothers and sisters, only four survived infancy. Throughout his life Franz Xaver remained very close to his family, in particular to his brother Hermann (1808–1891), who was also a painter.[3]

After attending school at a Benedictine monastery in St. Blasien, Winterhalter left Menzenschwand in 1818 at the age of 13 to study drawing and engraving.[4] He trained as a draughtsman and lithographer in the workshop of Karl Ludwig Schüler (1785–1852) in Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1823, at the age of 18, he went to Munich, sponsored by the industrialist Baron von Eichtal (1775–1850).[5] In 1825, he was granted a stipend by Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (1763–1830) and began a course of study at the Academy of Arts in Munich with Peter von Cornelius (1783–1867), whose academic methods made him uncomfortable. Winterhalter found a more congenial mentor in the fashionable portraitist Joseph Karl Stieler (1781–1858). During this time, he supported himself working as lithographer.[6]

Winterhalter entered court circles when in 1828 he became drawing master to Sophie Margravine of Baden, at Karlsruhe.[6] His opportunity to establish himself beyond southern Germany came in 1832 when he was able to travel to Italy, 1833–1834, with the support of Grand Duke Leopold of Baden. In Rome he composed romantic genre scenes in the manner of Louis Léopold Robert and attached himself to the circle of the director of the French Academy, Horace Vernet. On his return to Karlsruhe he painted portraits of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and his wife, and was appointed painter to the grand-ducal court.

Nevertheless, he left Baden to move to France, where his Italian genre scene Il dolce Farniente attracted notice at the Salon of 1836. Il Decameron a year later was also praised; both paintings are academic compositions in the style of Raphael. In the Salon of 1838 he exhibited a portrait of the Prince of Wagram with his young daughter. His career as a portrait painter was soon secured when in the same year he painted Louise Marie of Orleans, Queen of the Belgians, and her son. It was probably through this painting that Winterhalter came to the notice of Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, Queen of the French, mother of the Queen of the Belgians.

Court painter

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Leonilla Bariatinskaia Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn (1843), J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Winterhalter contrasted sumptuous fabrics and vivid colors against creamy flesh to heighten the sensuality of the pose, the model, and the luxuriant setting.[7]

In Paris, Winterhalter quickly became fashionable. He was appointed court painter of Louis-Philippe, the king of the French, who commissioned him to paint individual portraits of his large family. Winterhalter would execute more than thirty commissions for him.

This success earned the painter the reputation of a specialist in dynastic and aristocratic portraiture, skilled in combining likeness with flattery and enlivening official pomp with modern fashion.

However, Winterhalter's reputation in artistic circles suffered. The critics, who had praised his debut in the salon of 1836, dismissed him as a painter who could not be taken seriously. This attitude persisted throughout Winterhalter's career, condemning his work to a category of his own in the hierarchy of painting. Winterhalter himself regarded his first royal commissions as a temporary intermission before returning to subject painting and the field of academic respectability, but he was a victim of his own success, and for the rest of his life he worked almost exclusively as a portrait painter. His success in this field made him rich. Winterhalter became an international celebrity enjoying Royal patronage.

Katarzyna Potocka in oriental costume (1854), National Museum, Warsaw. Countess Potocka sat for this portrait in Paris, where she went after returning from a trip to the Holy Land. Róża Krasińska, who with her mother went to Paris, wrote that she was "a few times in the Winterhalter's studio, while the mother posed for her portraits".[8]

Among his many regal sitters was also Queen Victoria. Winterhalter first visited England in 1842, and returned several times to paint Victoria, Prince Albert and their growing family, painting at least 120 works for them, a large number of which remain in the Royal Collection, on display to the public at Buckingham Palace and other royal residences. On display at Osborne House is Florinda, given by Victoria as a birthday present for Albert in 1852.[9] Winterhalter also painted a few portraits of the aristocracy in England, mostly members of court circles. The fall of Louis-Philippe in 1848 did not affect the painter's reputation. Winterhalter went to Switzerland and worked in Belgium and England.

The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting (1855), Château de Compiègne. Taking its inspiration from 18th-century bucolic scenes, this monumental composition sets Empress Eugénie and her entourage against the backdrop of a shady clearing in a forest. However, the composition is very artificial and formal. The empress, slightly to the left of center, is encircled by and dominates the group.

Persistence saw Winterhalter survive from the fall of one dynasty to the rise of another. Paris remained his home until a couple of years before his death. In the same year, his marriage proposal was rejected, and Winterhalter remained a bachelor committed to his work.

After the accession of Napoleon III, his popularity grew. From then on, under the Second Empire, Winterhalter became the chief portraitist of the imperial family and court of France. The French Empress Eugénie became a favorite sitter, and she treated him generously. In 1855 Winterhalter painted his masterpiece: The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting. He set the French Empress in a pastoral setting gathering flowers in a harmonious circle with her ladies in waiting. The painting was acclaimed and exhibited in the universal exposition in 1855. It remains Winterhalter's most famous work. The composition shows a marked similarity to Florinda and this gave rise to scandalous gossip that the Empress and her ladies had posed déshabillé for the earlier painting.[9]

In 1852, he went to Spain to paint Queen Isabella II with her daughter. Russian aristocratic visitors to Paris also liked to have their portraits executed by the famous master. As the "Painter of Princes", Winterhalter was thereafter in constant demand by the courts of Britain (from 1841), Spain, Belgium, Russia, Mexico, the German states, and France. During the 1850s and 1860s, Winterhalter painted a number of important portraits of Polish and Russian aristocrats. In 1857, he painted the portrait of Tsarina Maria Alexandrovna. During this time he also painted portraits of members of the André family, including the art collector Édouard André, Henriette André Walther, and Ernest André, which now hang in the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris.

During the Second Mexican Empire in the 1860s, headed by Maximilian I of Mexico, Winterhalter was commissioned to paint portraits of the Imperial couple. The Empress consort of Mexico, Charlotte of Belgium was the daughter of Louise-Marie of France, Queen of the Belgians, whom Winterhalter painted at the beginning of his career in France. Some of Winterhalter's paintings of the Mexican monarchs still remain in their Mexico City palace, Chapultepec Castle, now the National Museum of History.

Last years

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Barbe Dmitrievna Mergassov Madame Rimsky-Korsakov (1864), oil on canvas, 117 × 90 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

To deal with those pressing for portrait commissions, many of whom were calling for multiple replicas, Winterhalter made extensive use of assistants. No portrait painter had ever enjoyed such an extraordinary royal patronage as Winterhalter; only Rubens, Van Dyck and Thomas Lawrence worked as he did in an international network.

Winterhalter sought respite from the pressures of his work with holidays abroad in Italy, Switzerland, and above all Germany. Despite the many years he lived in France, he remained deeply attached to his native country. For all his success and popularity, Winterhalter continued to live simply and abstemiously. In 1859 he bought a villa in Baden-Baden, his favorite vacation spot.

In 1864, Winterhalter made his last visit to England. In the autumn of that year, he traveled to Vienna to execute the portraits of Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth that remain among his most well-known works. As he grew older, Winterhalter's links with France weakened while his interest in Germany grew. He was taking a cure in Switzerland at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the war that ended the Second French Empire. After the war, the painter did not return to France, going instead to Baden. He was officially still accredited at the court of Baden, and he settled in Karlsruhe. In the last two years of his life, Winterhalter painted very little. During a visit to Frankfurt am Main in the summer of 1873, he contracted typhus and died on 8 July. He was 68 years old.

Style

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Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria (1865), oil on canvas, 255 × 133 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. This portrait presents the empress in a romantic fashion, enhancing her reputation as one of the great beauties of her time.[10] The empress appears in a sensual pose with naked shoulders and turning her head towards the viewer. She is wearing a white satin and tulle dress dotted with silver foil stars and with diamond stars in her hair. This portrait is one of Empress Elisabeth's most iconic representations and one of Winterhalter's best-known works.[10]

Winterhalter came into his own as a portrait painter during the second Empire and he painted his best work during the last two decades of his life. He matched his style to the luxury and relaxed atmosphere of the age, its hedonism and gaiety. His female sitters of the 1850s and 1860s inhabit a different physiological climate from those he painted earlier; they are not reticent and reserved. His male sitters inspired few original or memorable compositions.

Winterhalter never received high praise for his work from serious critics, being constantly accused of superficiality and affectation in pursuit of popularity. However, he was highly appreciated by his aristocratic patrons. The royal families of England, France, Spain, Russia, Portugal, Mexico, and Belgium all commissioned him to paint portraits. His monumental canvases established a substantial popular reputation, and lithographic copies of the portraits helped to spread his fame.

Winterhalter's portraits were prized for their subtle intimacy; the nature of his appeal is not difficult to explain. He created the image his sitters wished or needed to project to their subjects. He was not only skilled at posing his sitters to create almost theatrical compositions, but also was a virtuoso in the art of conveying the texture of fabrics, furs and jewellery, to which he paid no less attention than to the face. He painted very rapidly and very fluently, designing most of his compositions directly in the canvas. His portraits are elegant, refined, lifelike, and pleasantly idealized.

Concerning Winterhalter's method of working, it is thought that, practiced as he was at drawing and representing figures, he painted directly onto the canvas without making preliminary studies. He frequently decided upon the dress and pose of the sitter. His style was suave, cosmopolitan and plausible. Many of the portraits were copied in his workshop or reproduced as lithographs.

As an artist, he remained a difficult figure to place; there are few painters with whom to compare him, and he does not fit into any school. His early affinities were Neoclassical but his style can be described as Neo-Rococo. After his death, his painting fell out of favor, being considered romantic, glossy, and superficial. Little was known about him personally and his art was not taken seriously until recently. However, a major exhibition of his work at the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom) in London and the Petit Palais in Paris in 1987 brought him into the limelight again. His paintings are exhibited today in leading European and American museums.

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter left to right: Prince Alfred (unbreeched at two years); the Prince of Wales; Queen Victoria; Prince Albert; and Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria

Selected artworks

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[11]

  • A Swiss Girl from Interlaken
  • A Young Girl called Princess Charlotte, 1864
  • Adelina Patti, 1863
  • Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 1846
  • Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
  • Albert, Prince Consort, 1859
  • Alexandra Feodorovna, 1856
  • Alexandra Iosifovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, Princess Alexandra of Altenburg
  • Alexandra, Princess of Wales, 1864
  • Alfred Emilien, Comte de Nieuwerkerke, 1852
  • Anna Dollfus, Baronness de Bourgoing, 1855
  • Antoine-Marie-Philippe-Louis d'Orleans Duc de Montpensier, 1844
  • Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with Sir Robert Peel, 1844
  • Barbara Dmitrievna Mergassov-Rimsky-Korsakova, 1864
  • Caroline Elisabeth de Lagrange, 1841
  • Charles Jerome, Comte Pozzo di Borgo, 1849
  • Charlotte Stuart, Viscountess Canning, 1849
  • Charlotte, Princess of Belgium
  • Carlota, Empress of Mexico (Princess Charlotte of Belgium)
  • Chopin
  • Count Jenison Walworth, 1837
  • Countess Alexander Nikolaevitch Lamsdorff, 1859
  • Edouard Andre, 1857
  • Elisabeth Kaiserin von Österreich, 1865
  • Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, 1865
  • Elzbieta Branicka, Countess Krasinka and her Children, 1853
  • Emperor Don Maximiliano I of Mexico, c. 1865
  • Emperor Frederick III of Germany, King of Prussia with his wife Empress Victoria, and their children Prince William and Princess Charlotte, 1862
  • Emperor Napoleon III
  • Empress Elisabeth of Austria in dancing dress, 1865
  • Empress Eugenie
  • Empress Eugenie, 1853
  • Empress Eugenie, Surrounded by her Ladies-in-Waiting, 1855
  • Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of France, 1857
  • Eugénie, Empress Consort of the French, 1864
  • Eugenie, Empress of the French
  • Florinda, 1853
  • Francois Ferdinand Philippe d'Orleans Prince de Joinville, 1843
  • Francois-Horace, 1841
  • Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria wearing the dress uniform of an Austrian Field Marshal with the Great Star of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1865
  • Frubling
  • Girl from Sabin Mountains, 1840
  • Grand Duchess of Russia, Olga Feodorovna
  • Grand Duchess Olga
  • Harriet Howard, Duchess of Sutherland, 1849
  • Helene-Louise de Mecklembourg-Schwerin, Duchess of Orleans with his son Count of Paris, 1839
  • Henri Eugene Philippe Duc d'Aumale, Commander of the 17th Battalion of the Light Infantry
  • His Royal Highness Prince Albert
  • Il dolce Farniente, 1836
  • Italian woman with child
  • Jadwiga Potocka, Countess Branicka
  • Kaiserin Auguste
  • Karl Josef Berkmuller, 1830
  • La Siesta, 1841
  • Lady Clementina Augusta Wellington Child Villiers, 1857
  • Leonilla Wittgenstein, 1849
  • Leopold I
  • Leopold I, 1840
  • Leopold, Duke of Brabant
  • Linden d'Hooghvorst, 1855
  • Louis Philippe, 1841
  • Louis Philippe I, King of the French, 1840
  • Louis-Charles-Philippe of Orleans Duke of Nemours, 1843
  • Louis-Philippe I, King of France
  • Ludwig, Graf Von Langenstein, 1834
  • Maria Carolina de Borbó Dues Sicílies
  • Maria Cristina di Borbone, Princess of the Two Sicilies, c. 1818
  • Maria Louise of Wagram Princess of Murat, 1854
  • Maria Luisa von Spanien, 1847
  • Marie Christine d'Orléans
  • Marie Henriette of Austria
  • Markgräfin Sophie von Baden, 1830
  • Maximiliaan van Oostenrijk
  • Maximilian
  • Melanie de Bussiere, Comtesse Edmond de Pourtales, 1857
  • Painting of baby Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
  • Painting of the Count of Eu as a child
  • Pauline Sandor, Princess Metternich, 1860
  • Princess Clothilde von Saxen Coburg, 1855
  • Portrait équestre de François Adolphe Akermann, 1870
  • Portrait of a lady, 1872
  • Portrait of a Lady, 1860
  • Portrait of a lady with a fan, 1850
  • Portrait of a lady with roses in her hair, (Countess Pushkina)
  • Portrait of Amélie of Leuchtenberg
  • Portrait of Augusta of Saxe Weimar Eisenach
  • Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium, 1864
  • Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium, 1864
  • Portrait of Count Alexei Bobrinsky, 1844
  • Portrait of Countess Olga Shuvalova, 1858
  • Portrait of Countess Varvara Musina-Pushkina
  • Portrait of Eliza Franciszka of Branicki Krasińska, 1857
  • Portrait of Emperor Napoleon III, 1855
  • Portrait of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, 1857
  • Portrait of Eugénie, Empress of the French, 1862
  • Portrait of Francisca Caroline de Braganca, 1844
  • Portrait of Francisca Caroline Gonzaga de Bragança, princesse de Joinville, c. 1850
  • Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna, 1857
  • Portrait of Grand Princess Yelena Pavlovna, 1862
  • Portrait of HRH Princess Marie Clementine of Orleans, 1832
  • Portrait of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpesier, c. 1847
  • Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka, 1854
  • Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka née Branicka, wife of Adam Potocki, c. 1850
  • Portrait of Lady Middleton, 1863
  • Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein, 1843
  • Portrait of Leopold I of Belgium, 1846
  • Portrait of Louis d'Orleans, 1845
  • Portrait of Louises von Orléans, 1841
  • Portrait of Lydia Schbelsky Baroness Stael Holstein, 1857
  • Portrait of Madame Ackerman, the wife of the Chief Finance Minister of King Louis Philippe, 1838
  • Portrait of Madame Rimsky-Korsakov, Varvara Dmitrievna Mergassov, 1864
  • Portrait of Marie Louise, the first Queen of the Belgians, c. 1841
  • Portrait of Maximilian I of Mexico
  • Portrait of Prince Albert, 1843
  • Portrait of Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale, c. 1843
  • Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva, 1857
  • Portrait of Princess Elizaveta Alexandrovna Tchernicheva, 1858
  • Portrait of Princess of Baden, 1856
  • Portrait of Princess Tatiana Alexanrovna Yusupova, 1858
  • Portrait of Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, 1840
  • Portrait of Queen Isabella II of Spain and her daughter Isabella, 1852
  • Portrait of Queen Sophie of Netherlands, born Sophie of Württemberg, 1863
  • Portrait of Sophia Alexandrovna Radziwiłł, 1864
  • Portrait of the Empress Eugénie, 1853
  • Portrait of the Prince de Wagram and his daughter Malcy Louise Caroline Frederique Napoléon Alexandre Berthier, 1837
  • Portrait of the Queen Marie Amelie of France, 1842
  • Portrait of the Queen Olga of Württemberg, 1865
  • Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom, 1843
  • Portrait of Victoria of the United Kingdom, c. 1844 – c. 1845
  • Portrait of Victoria, Princess Royal, 1857
  • Prince Albert, 1842
  • Prince Albert
  • Prince Alfred and Princess Helena, 1849
  • Princess Alice of England, 1861
  • Princess Amelia of Bavaria, 1860
  • Princess Beatrice, 1859
  • Princess Catherine Dadiani
  • Princess Charlotte of Belgium, 1842
  • Princess Elizabeth Esperovna Belosselsky, 1859
  • Princess Kotschoubey, 1860
  • Princess Leonilla of Sayn
  • Princess Mathilde Bonaparte
  • Princess Pauline de Metternich, 1860
  • Princess Tatiana Yussupova, 1858
  • Queen Victoria, 1843
  • Queen Victoria, 1859
  • Queen Victoria, 1842
  • Queen Victoria and Prince Albert with the Family of King Louis Philippe at the Chateau, 1845
  • Queen Victoria with Prince Arthur, 1850
  • Roman Genre Scene, 1833
  • Rosa Potocka, 1856
  • Self-Portrait of the Artist with his Brother, Hermann, 1840
  • Sofia Gagarina, c. 1850
  • Sophia Bobrinskaya, 1857
  • Sophia Frederia of Wurtemberg
  • Sophia Petrovna Narishkina, 1859
  • Sophie Guillemette, Grand Duchess of Baden, 1831
  • Sophie Trobetskoy, Duchess of Morny, 1863
  • Spring
  • Study for a portrait of Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
  • Study of a Girl in Profile, 1862
  • Study of Italian girl, 1834
  • The Cousins: Queen Victoria and Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours, 1852
  • The daughters of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, 1849
  • The Decameron, 1837
  • The Empress Eugénie, 1854
  • The Empress Eugenie Holding Louis Napoleon, the Prince Imperial, on her Knees, 1857
  • The Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting, 1855
  • The First of May, 1851
  • The Maharaja Dalip Singh, 1854
  • The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal as Crown Princess of Prussia in 1867, 1867
  • The Royal Family in 1846, 1846
  • Varvara Rimskaya-Korsakova
  • Victoria, Princess Royal, 1842
  • Wienczyslawa Barczewska, Madame de Jurjewicz, 1860
  • William Douglas Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, 1863
  • Young Italian Girl by the Well
  • Zofia Potocka, Countess Zamoyska, 1870

Notes

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  1. ^ Paul Getty, J. "Franz Xaver Winterhalter". The J. Paul Getty Museum. J Paul Getty Trust. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  2. ^ a b Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 18.
  3. ^ Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 19.
  4. ^ Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 20.
  5. ^ Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 21.
  6. ^ a b Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 25.
  7. ^ Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 185.
  8. ^ Cholewianka-Kruszyńska, Aldona (2001). Panny Branickie z Białej Cerkwi na portretach F. X. Winterhaltera. Vol. 9. Gazeta Antykwaryczna. pp. 14–21.
  9. ^ a b "Florinda Signed and dated 1852". Royal Collections Trust. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  10. ^ a b Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 217.
  11. ^ "Franz Xaver Winterhalter". WikiArt (WikiPaintings). WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 November 2015.

References

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  • Ormond, Richard, and Blackett-Ord, Carol, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70, Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. ISBN 0-8109-3964-9.
  • Reisberg von, Eugene Barilo. Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) Catalogue Raisonne, BvR Arts Management, 2007, ISBN 978-0-646-47096-2.
  • Kessler Aurisch, Helga et alii: High society: the portraits of Franz Xaver Winterhalter. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers; Houston: In association with The Museum of Fine Arts, Augustinermuseum, Städtische Museen Freiburg, Palais de Compiegne, 2015. ISBN 9783897904484
  • Burlion Emmanuel, Franz Xaver et Hermann Winterhalter , Brest, 2016, 175 pages.ISBN 978-2-9523754-3-6
  • Barilo von Reisberg, Eugene Arnold : Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873): portraiture in the age of social change, School of Culture and Communication, 2016, [1]
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