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Coordinates: 38°19′14″S 144°43′02″E / 38.32056°S 144.71722°E / -38.32056; 144.71722
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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Australian place | type = suburb
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = suburb
| name = Portsea
| name = Portsea
| state = vic
| state = vic
Line 8: Line 9:
| caption = Portsea Pier
| caption = Portsea Pier
| alternative_location_map = Australia Victoria metropolitan Melbourne
| alternative_location_map = Australia Victoria metropolitan Melbourne
| coordinates = {{coord|38.320|S|144.713|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|38|19|14|S|144|43|02|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_label_position = left
| lga = Shire of Mornington Peninsula
| lga = Shire of Mornington Peninsula
Line 15: Line 16:
| postcode = 3944
| postcode = 3944
| pop = 787
| pop = 787
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABS2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL22113|name=Portsea (State)|accessdate=5 July 2022|quick=on}}</ref>
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABS2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL22113|name=Portsea (Suburbs and Localities)|accessdate=5 July 2022|quick=on}}</ref>
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Nepean|Nepean]]
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Nepean|Nepean]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Flinders|Flinders]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Flinders|Flinders]]
| dist1 = 95 | location1 = [[Melbourne]]
| dist1 = 95
| location1 = [[Melbourne]] CBD
| near-nw = [[Point Nepean, Victoria|Point Nepean]]
| near-nw = [[Point Nepean, Victoria|Point Nepean]]
| near-n =
| near-n =
Line 28: Line 30:
| near-s =
| near-s =
| near-se = [[Sorrento, Victoria|Sorrento]]
| near-se = [[Sorrento, Victoria|Sorrento]]
| local_map = yes
| zoom = 12
}}
}}


'''Portsea''' is a seaside town in Metropolitan Melbourne on the [[Mornington Peninsula]]. It is located approximately {{convert|95|km|mi}} south-west of the [[Melbourne central business district|Melbourne CBD]], on the opposite side of [[Port Phillip Bay]]. The suburb is located on the bay itself, but the locality boundaries stretch as far west as [[Point Nepean]] and incorporate a section of [[Bass Strait]] coastline. Portsea is the westernmost town on the [[Mornington Peninsula]], and lies adjacent to [[Sorrento, Victoria|Sorrento]]. It has one of the highest average incomes in Australia.
'''Portsea''' is a seaside suburb on the [[Mornington Peninsula]] in [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]], approximately {{convert|60|km|mi}} south-west of Melbourne's [[Melbourne central business district|Central Business District]], located within the [[Shire of Mornington Peninsula]] [[Local government areas of Victoria|local government area]]. Portsea recorded a population of 787 at the [[2021 Australian census|2021 census]].<ref name=ABS2021/>

Portsea is located on the opposite side of [[Port Phillip Bay]]. The suburb is located on the bay itself, but the locality boundaries stretch as far west as [[Point Nepean]] and incorporate a section of [[Bass Strait]] coastline. Portsea is the westernmost town on the Mornington Peninsula, and lies adjacent to [[Sorrento, Victoria|Sorrento]]. It has one of the highest average incomes in Australia.


==History==
==History==
Line 38: Line 44:
[[File:Portsea Backbeach; Mornington Peninsula National Park.jpg|thumb|Portsea Backbeach]]
[[File:Portsea Backbeach; Mornington Peninsula National Park.jpg|thumb|Portsea Backbeach]]
[[File:Point Nepean banner-001.jpg|thumb|500px|Point Nepean]]
[[File:Point Nepean banner-001.jpg|thumb|500px|Point Nepean]]
Portsea is named after [[Portsea Island]] which is an island incorporated by [[Portsmouth]], England. Portsmouth is where the first [[settlers]] to Australia set sail from. Portsea Post Office opened on 10 February 1877 and closed in 1987.<ref name = "a">{{Citation | last = Phoenix Auctions History |title = Post Office List |url = http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&filter=*Portsea* |access-date = 14 March 2021 }}</ref>
Portsea is named after [[Portsea Island]] which is an island incorporated by [[Portsmouth]], England. Portsmouth is where the first [[settlers]] to Australia set sail from. Portsea Post Office opened on 10 February 1877 and closed in 1987.<ref name = "a">{{Citation |last=Phoenix Auctions History |title=Post Office List |url=http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&filter=*Portsea* |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref>


In January 1948 the new St Mary's School for Deaf Children was opened at Delgany, Portsea led by [[Kathleen Mary Egan]]. It was an initiative by the [[Dominican Order|Dominican Sisters]] of Eastern Australia and the first to use oral techniques in Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Mary's College History |url=https://www.smdeafws.catholic.edu.au/about/our-history |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=St Mary's College for the deaf |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014183045/http://www.smdeafws.catholic.edu.au/about/our-history |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[OCS Portsea]], an army establishment, was located just outside the town. The historic reserve became famous when [[Disappearance of Harold Holt|Prime Minister of Australia Harold Holt disappeared]] while swimming inside the facility at [[Cheviot Beach]] on 17 December 1967 and was officially presumed dead two days later, although a formal inquest into his death did not take place until 2005.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/08/22/1124562798233.html Harold Holt inquest starts, 40 years on], ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 22 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2017.</ref>

[[OCS Portsea]], an army establishment, was located just outside the town. The historic reserve became famous when [[Disappearance of Harold Holt|Prime Minister of Australia Harold Holt disappeared]] while swimming inside the facility at [[Cheviot Beach]] on 17 December 1967 and was officially presumed dead two days later, although a formal inquest into his death did not take place until 2005.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/08/22/1124562798233.html Harold Holt inquest starts, 40 years on] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228040457/https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/08/22/1124562798233.html |date=28 February 2018 }}, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 22 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2017.</ref>


==Present day==
==Present day==

Portsea was considered by many to be the hub of Melbourne's recreational [[scuba diving]] activities. At one time there were as many as four dive shops in the main street of Portsea. Dive charter boats still travel from Portsea Pier to sites both inside Port Phillip and outside Port Phillip Heads, also known as "[[The Rip]]".
Portsea was considered by many to be the hub of Melbourne's recreational [[scuba diving]] activities. At one time there were as many as four dive shops in the main street of Portsea. Dive charter boats still travel from Portsea Pier to sites both inside Port Phillip and outside Port Phillip Heads, also known as "[[The Rip]]".


The Portsea Pier is the home to the spectacular [[weedy sea dragon]], as well as many other fish species, including numerous [[pufferfish]]. Boating traffic is frequent, and divers should be careful to avoid main boating routes. After dredging was done to deepen the entrance to the bay for shipping there was increased surge at Portsea Pier and within a year Portsea Beach was gone. Sandbags have been placed on the once picturesque beach to prevent further sand erosion.
The Portsea Pier is the home to the spectacular [[weedy sea dragon]], as well as many other fish species, including numerous [[pufferfish]]. Boating traffic is frequent, and divers should be careful to avoid main boating routes. After dredging was done to deepen the entrance to the bay for shipping there was increased surge at Portsea Pier and within a year Portsea Beach was gone. Sandbags have been placed on the once picturesque beach to prevent further sand erosion.


Portsea Back Beach is an attraction in Portsea, due to its great surfing conditions and long stretch of sand. [[Portsea Surf Life Saving Club]] patrols the popular surf beach, as patrols are always needed during the summer period given the large waves and strong tides that are often present.
Portsea Back Beach is an attraction in Portsea, due to its great surfing conditions and long stretch of sand. Portsea Surf Life Saving Club patrols the popular surf beach, as patrols are always needed during the summer period given the large waves and strong tides that are often present.


Corsair Rock, just at the entrance to Port Philip, is a well-known surf spot to locals and professional surfers. However, it is not advised to surf there unless you are an experienced surfer and, for safety, are accompanied by somebody in a boat nearby. It is considered a very dangerous location. The rip can run out as fast as 8-10 knots.
Corsair Rock, just at the entrance to Port Philip, is a well-known surf spot to locals and professional surfers. However, it is not advised to surf there unless you are an experienced surfer and, for safety, are accompanied by somebody in a boat nearby. It is considered a very dangerous location. The rip can run out as fast as 8-10 knots.


Golfers play at the revered Portsea Golf Club on Relph Avenue.<ref name = "golf">{{Citation | author= Golf Select | title = Portsea | url = http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=311 | access-date = 11 May 2009 }}</ref> The annual [[Portsea Polo]] event is held at Jarman Oval, near the former quarantine station on [[Point Nepean]].
Golfers play at the revered Portsea Golf Club on Relph Avenue.<ref name = "golf">{{Citation |author=Golf Select |title=Portsea |url=http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=311 |access-date=11 May 2009 |archive-date=23 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723193930/http://golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=311 |url-status=live }}</ref> The annual [[Portsea Polo]] event is held at Jarman Oval, near the former quarantine station on [[Point Nepean]].


According to the 2016 [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] Census, Portsea had 510 residents.<ref name=ABS2016>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC22101|name=Portsea (State)|accessdate=13 April 2018|quick=on}}</ref> Prominent residents include trucking magnate [[Lindsay Fox]], [[Kate Baillieu]] and [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s grandson businessman David Calvert Jones, other well known residents are [[Eddie McGuire]] and [[Ron Walker (Australian businessman)|Ron Walker]].
According to the 2016 [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] Census, Portsea had 510 residents.<ref name=ABS2016>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC22101|name=Portsea (State)|accessdate=13 April 2018|quick=on}}</ref> Prominent residents include trucking magnate [[Lindsay Fox]], [[Kate Baillieu]] and [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s grandson businessman David Calvert Jones, other well known residents are [[Eddie McGuire]] and [[Ron Walker (Australian businessman)|Ron Walker]].


==Traditional Ownership==
==Traditional ownership==

The formally recognised Traditional Owners for the area in which Portsea is located are the [[Bunurong]] People.<ref name=AV>{{cite web|title=Map of formally recognised traditional owners|url=https://achris.vic.gov.au/weave/wca.html|publisher=Aboriginal Victoria|access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref> The Bunurong People are represented by the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation.<ref name=BGLC>{{cite web|title=Bunurong Land Council |url=https://www.bunuronglc.org/|publisher= Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation |access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>
The formally recognised [[traditional owners]] for the area in which Portsea is located are the [[Bunurong]] people.<ref name=AV>{{cite web |title=Map of formally recognised traditional owners |url=https://achris.vic.gov.au/weave/wca.html |publisher=Aboriginal Victoria |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707164230/https://achris.vic.gov.au/weave/wca.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bunurong people are represented by the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation.<ref name=BGLC>{{cite web |title=Bunurong Land Council |url=https://www.bunuronglc.org/ |publisher=Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602051914/https://www.bunuronglc.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Popular culture==
==Popular culture==

The [[Australian Crawl]] song "Hoochie Gucci Fiorucci Mama" (from the 1980 album ''[[The Boys Light Up]]'') was written about Portsea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/24/1053585747626.html|title=Waiting for Reyne|date=25 May 2003|work=The Age}}</ref>
The [[Australian Crawl]] song "Hoochie Gucci Fiorucci Mama" (from the 1980 album ''[[The Boys Light Up]]'') was written about Portsea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/24/1053585747626.html |title=Waiting for Reyne |date=25 May 2003 |work=The Age |access-date=2 July 2009 |archive-date=12 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012195121/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/24/1053585747626.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location = Portsea, Victoria
|Jan record high C = 40.4
|Feb record high C = 38.6
|Mar record high C = 35.6
|Apr record high C = 29.4
|May record high C = 24.4
|Jun record high C = 18.3
|Jul record high C = 20.0
|Aug record high C = 20.6
|Sep record high C = 23.6
|Oct record high C = 32.5
|Nov record high C = 32.1
|Dec record high C = 36.0
| year record high C = 40.4
|Jan record low C = 7.5
|Feb record low C = 7.5
|Mar record low C = 6.0
|Apr record low C = 5.0
|May record low C = 3.0
|Jun record low C = 1.5
|Jul record low C = 0.5
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = 0.3
|Oct record low C = 0.8
|Nov record low C = 3.0
|Dec record low C = 4.7
| year record low C = 0.0
|Jan high C = 22.8
|Feb high C = 22.9
|Mar high C = 21.5
|Apr high C = 18.5
|May high C = 15.8
|Jun high C = 13.4
|Jul high C = 12.8
|Aug high C = 13.7
|Sep high C = 15.3
|Oct high C = 17.3
|Nov high C = 19.2
|Dec high C = 21.2
| year high C = 17.9
|Jan low C = 13.3
|Feb low C = 13.9
|Mar low C = 13.0
|Apr low C = 11.2
|May low C = 9.5
|Jun low C = 7.5
|Jul low C = 6.8
|Aug low C = 7.1
|Sep low C = 7.7
|Oct low C = 9.1
|Nov low C = 10.3
|Dec low C = 11.8
| year low C = 10.1
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 33.1
|Feb rain mm = 50.1
|Mar rain mm = 52.1
|Apr rain mm = 57.1
|May rain mm = 68.0
|Jun rain mm = 60.5
|Jul rain mm = 64.0
|Aug rain mm = 61.3
|Sep rain mm = 63.0
|Oct rain mm = 63.5
|Nov rain mm = 58.8
|Dec rain mm = 50.1
|year rain mm = 683.1
|unit rain days = 1.0 mm
| Jan rain days = 3.6
| Feb rain days = 3.8
| Mar rain days = 5.1
| Apr rain days = 7.0
| May rain days = 9.3
| Jun rain days = 9.3
| Jul rain days = 9.6
| Aug rain days = 9.7
| Sep rain days = 8.6
| Oct rain days = 8.4
| Nov rain days = 6.9
| Dec rain days = 5.2
| year rain days = 86.5
|source 1 = Australian Bureau of Meteorology<ref name="BoM" >{{cite web
| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086097_All.shtml
| title = Climate statistics for Australian locations- PORTSEA QUARANTINE STATION
| date = 8 July 2024}}</ref>
}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Shire of Flinders (Victoria)|Shire of Flinders]] – Portsea was previously within this former local government area.
* [[Portsea Hole]], a nearby dive location
* [[Portsea Hole]] – a nearby dive location


==References==
==References==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Mornington Peninsula]]
[[Category:Suburbs of the Shire of Mornington Peninsula]]
[[Category:Coastal towns in Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Coastal towns in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Melbourne]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Melbourne]]

Latest revision as of 04:26, 24 November 2024

Portsea
MelbourneVictoria
Portsea Pier
Portsea is located in Melbourne
Portsea
Portsea
Map
Coordinates38°19′14″S 144°43′02″E / 38.32056°S 144.71722°E / -38.32056; 144.71722
Population787 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density197/km2 (510/sq mi)
Established1850s
Postcode(s)3944
Area4 km2 (1.5 sq mi)
Location95 km (59 mi) from Melbourne CBD
LGA(s)Shire of Mornington Peninsula
State electorate(s)Nepean
Federal division(s)Flinders
Suburbs around Portsea:
Point Nepean Port Phillip
Portsea
Bass Strait Sorrento

Portsea is a seaside suburb on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Portsea recorded a population of 787 at the 2021 census.[1]

Portsea is located on the opposite side of Port Phillip Bay. The suburb is located on the bay itself, but the locality boundaries stretch as far west as Point Nepean and incorporate a section of Bass Strait coastline. Portsea is the westernmost town on the Mornington Peninsula, and lies adjacent to Sorrento. It has one of the highest average incomes in Australia.

History

[edit]
Portsea Hotel
Portsea Houses
London Bridge Portsea
Portsea Backbeach
Point Nepean

Portsea is named after Portsea Island which is an island incorporated by Portsmouth, England. Portsmouth is where the first settlers to Australia set sail from. Portsea Post Office opened on 10 February 1877 and closed in 1987.[2]

In January 1948 the new St Mary's School for Deaf Children was opened at Delgany, Portsea led by Kathleen Mary Egan. It was an initiative by the Dominican Sisters of Eastern Australia and the first to use oral techniques in Victoria.[3]

OCS Portsea, an army establishment, was located just outside the town. The historic reserve became famous when Prime Minister of Australia Harold Holt disappeared while swimming inside the facility at Cheviot Beach on 17 December 1967 and was officially presumed dead two days later, although a formal inquest into his death did not take place until 2005.[4]

Present day

[edit]

Portsea was considered by many to be the hub of Melbourne's recreational scuba diving activities. At one time there were as many as four dive shops in the main street of Portsea. Dive charter boats still travel from Portsea Pier to sites both inside Port Phillip and outside Port Phillip Heads, also known as "The Rip".

The Portsea Pier is the home to the spectacular weedy sea dragon, as well as many other fish species, including numerous pufferfish. Boating traffic is frequent, and divers should be careful to avoid main boating routes. After dredging was done to deepen the entrance to the bay for shipping there was increased surge at Portsea Pier and within a year Portsea Beach was gone. Sandbags have been placed on the once picturesque beach to prevent further sand erosion.

Portsea Back Beach is an attraction in Portsea, due to its great surfing conditions and long stretch of sand. Portsea Surf Life Saving Club patrols the popular surf beach, as patrols are always needed during the summer period given the large waves and strong tides that are often present.

Corsair Rock, just at the entrance to Port Philip, is a well-known surf spot to locals and professional surfers. However, it is not advised to surf there unless you are an experienced surfer and, for safety, are accompanied by somebody in a boat nearby. It is considered a very dangerous location. The rip can run out as fast as 8-10 knots.

Golfers play at the revered Portsea Golf Club on Relph Avenue.[5] The annual Portsea Polo event is held at Jarman Oval, near the former quarantine station on Point Nepean.

According to the 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Census, Portsea had 510 residents.[6] Prominent residents include trucking magnate Lindsay Fox, Kate Baillieu and Rupert Murdoch's grandson businessman David Calvert Jones, other well known residents are Eddie McGuire and Ron Walker.

Traditional ownership

[edit]

The formally recognised traditional owners for the area in which Portsea is located are the Bunurong people.[7] The Bunurong people are represented by the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation.[8]

[edit]

The Australian Crawl song "Hoochie Gucci Fiorucci Mama" (from the 1980 album The Boys Light Up) was written about Portsea.[9]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Portsea, Victoria
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.4
(104.7)
38.6
(101.5)
35.6
(96.1)
29.4
(84.9)
24.4
(75.9)
18.3
(64.9)
20.0
(68.0)
20.6
(69.1)
23.6
(74.5)
32.5
(90.5)
32.1
(89.8)
36.0
(96.8)
40.4
(104.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0)
22.9
(73.2)
21.5
(70.7)
18.5
(65.3)
15.8
(60.4)
13.4
(56.1)
12.8
(55.0)
13.7
(56.7)
15.3
(59.5)
17.3
(63.1)
19.2
(66.6)
21.2
(70.2)
17.9
(64.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9)
13.9
(57.0)
13.0
(55.4)
11.2
(52.2)
9.5
(49.1)
7.5
(45.5)
6.8
(44.2)
7.1
(44.8)
7.7
(45.9)
9.1
(48.4)
10.3
(50.5)
11.8
(53.2)
10.1
(50.2)
Record low °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
7.5
(45.5)
6.0
(42.8)
5.0
(41.0)
3.0
(37.4)
1.5
(34.7)
0.5
(32.9)
0.0
(32.0)
0.3
(32.5)
0.8
(33.4)
3.0
(37.4)
4.7
(40.5)
0.0
(32.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 33.1
(1.30)
50.1
(1.97)
52.1
(2.05)
57.1
(2.25)
68.0
(2.68)
60.5
(2.38)
64.0
(2.52)
61.3
(2.41)
63.0
(2.48)
63.5
(2.50)
58.8
(2.31)
50.1
(1.97)
683.1
(26.89)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 3.6 3.8 5.1 7.0 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.7 8.6 8.4 6.9 5.2 86.5
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Portsea (Suburbs and Localities)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 5 July 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ Phoenix Auctions History, Post Office List, retrieved 14 March 2021
  3. ^ "St Mary's College History". St Mary's College for the deaf. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  4. ^ Harold Holt inquest starts, 40 years on Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  5. ^ Golf Select, Portsea, archived from the original on 23 July 2008, retrieved 11 May 2009
  6. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Portsea (State)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 13 April 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  7. ^ "Map of formally recognised traditional owners". Aboriginal Victoria. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  8. ^ "Bunurong Land Council". Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  9. ^ "Waiting for Reyne". The Age. 25 May 2003. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  10. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations- PORTSEA QUARANTINE STATION". 8 July 2024.
[edit]