Elizabeth Caroline Gray: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Scottish historian 1800–1887}} |
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{{for|the novelist|Elizabeth Caroline Grey}} |
{{for|the novelist|Elizabeth Caroline Grey}} |
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[[File:Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Elizabeth Caroline Gray (undated portrait)]] |
[[File:Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Elizabeth Caroline Gray (undated portrait)]] |
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'''Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray''' (''[[née]]'' Johnstone |
'''Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray''' (''[[née]]'' '''Johnstone'''; 3 April 1800 – 21 February 1887) was a Scottish historian and travel author, born in [[Alva, Clackmannanshire]],<ref>{{Cite book |year=2006 |title=Italia antiqua. Storia dell'etruscologia tra archeologia e storia della cultura |language=it |place=Orvieto and Rome |publisher=Quasar |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHNoAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Elizabeth+Caroline+Johnstone%22+%22Alva%22+1800 |isbn=8871402960}}</ref> as the eldest daughter of James Raymond Johnstone and Mary Elizabeth Cholmeley.<ref name="people">{{cite web |title= Church Registers - Old parish registers - Births and Baptisms |url=https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/record-results/1608595240646719290e2f2 |website=Scotland's People |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]] and the [[Court of the Lord Lyon]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> She was the granddaughter of the colonial businessman [[John Johnstone (East India Company)|John Johnstone]].<ref name="BTW"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland |last=Burke |first=John |year=1835 |place=London |publisher=R. Bentley |page=302 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_4GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA302 |volume=2}}</ref> |
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After marrying John Hamilton Gray, a priest and genealogist, in June 1829, Gray moved to [[Bolsover Castle]] in England, where she lived until shortly before her death.<ref name="BTW">{{Cite web |url=http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1061 |title=Elizabeth Caroline Gray |website=British Travel Writing |publisher=University of Wolverhampton |accessdate=23 April 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116154149/http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1061 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/5269770 |chapter=The Hamilton Gray Vase |last=Williams |first=Dyfri |year=2009 |editor1-last=Swaddling |editor1-first=Judith |editor2-last=Perkins |editor2-first=Philip |title=Etruscan by Definition: Papers in Honour of Sybille Haynes |publisher=British Museum Press |place=London |isbn=978-0861591732 |pages=10–20: 10}}</ref> |
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==Research== |
==Research== |
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Gray became interested in the [[history of the Etruscans]] after visiting an exhibition of |
Gray became interested in the [[history of the Etruscans]] after visiting an exhibition of their artefacts in London organised by Domenico Campanari in 1837.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |article=Campanari Family |editor-first=Nancy Thomson |editor-last=de Grummond |editor-link=Nancy Thomson de Grummond |year=1996 |title=Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology |publisher=Routledge |place=London and New York |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA225 |isbn=978-1884964800}}</ref> She pursued the subject on a visit to Italy in 1837–1839, drawing on contacts in German and Italian archaeological circles. In 1840 she published ''Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria'', which served as a [[wikt:travelogue|travelogue]] and an account of her archaeological research. She then wrote a general ''History of Etruria'': the first two volumes in 1843–1844 and the third in 1868.<ref name="BTW"/> |
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As a woman, Gray |
As a woman, Hamilton Gray faced criticism for engaging in historical research. In an 1844 review of her work, [[Samuel Ferguson]]<ref>The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. Walter Edwards Houghton (ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. Volume IV, p. 261</ref> remarked that "any deep or earnest investigation of matters connected with the social institution of a gentile nation is not properly within the female province."<ref>[Ferguson, Samuel]. Mrs Hamilton Gray’s works on Etruria, The Dublin University Magazine, vol. 24, July–December, 1844, p. 527-543.</ref> This review was sometimes mistakenly attributed to the explorer [[George Dennis (explorer)|George Dennis]], who also wrote about the Etruscans.<ref>Rasmussen, Tom. George Dennis: In and out of Etruria. Swaddling, Judith (ed.). An Etruscan Affair: The impact of early Etruscan discoveries on European culture. London: Oxbow Books, 2018, p. 4-21.</ref> |
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Other than her research on Etruria, Gray wrote a work on the classical and early medieval church and empire, |
Other than her research on Etruria, Gray wrote a work on the classical and early medieval church and empire, and two popular children's histories of Rome.<ref name="BTW"/> She and her husband maintained a collection of antiquities acquired both from dealers in Italy and from her own excavations. It included an unusual red-and-black Etruscan [[amphora]] in an Italo-Geometric style, known as the "Hamilton Gray vase".<ref>Williams 2009, p. 13.</ref> |
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Elizabeth Caroline Gray died in London on 21 February 1887.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |article=Gray, Rev. John Hamilton |last=Boase |first=Frederic |title=Modern English Biography |volume=1 |year=1892 |article-url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/55059/55059-h/55059-h.htm |via=[[Project Gutenberg]]}}</ref> |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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*{{Cite book |title=The History of Etruria |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria01gray |year=1843–68 |place=London |publisher=J. Hatchard and Son}} ([https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria01gray Vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria02gray 2], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NJKPsC7C5yMC 3]) |
*{{Cite book |title=The History of Etruria |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria01gray |year=1843–68 |place=London |publisher=J. Hatchard and Son}} ([https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria01gray Vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/historyofetruria02gray 2], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NJKPsC7C5yMC 3]) |
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*{{Cite book |title=History of Rome for Young Persons |year=1847 |place=London |publisher=T. Hatchard}} ([https://archive.org/details/historyromefory00graygoog 1858 ed.]) |
*{{Cite book |title=History of Rome for Young Persons |year=1847 |place=London |publisher=T. Hatchard}} ([https://archive.org/details/historyromefory00graygoog 1858 ed.]) |
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*{{Cite book |title=Emperors of Rome from Augustus to Constantine: Being a Continuation of the History of Rome |year=1850 |place=London |publisher=T. Hatchard |url=https://books.google. |
*{{Cite book |title=Emperors of Rome from Augustus to Constantine: Being a Continuation of the History of Rome |year=1850 |place=London |publisher=T. Hatchard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXNAD4NlOIsC}} |
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*{{Cite book |title=The Empire and the Church, from Constantine to Charlemagne |year=1857 |place=Oxford |publisher=J. Henry and J. Parker}} |
*{{Cite book |title=The Empire and the Church, from Constantine to Charlemagne |year=1857 |place=Oxford |publisher=J. Henry and J. Parker}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Elizabeth Caroline}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Elizabeth Caroline}} |
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[[Category:1800 births]] |
[[Category:1800 births]] |
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[[Category:1887 deaths]] |
[[Category:1887 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Date of birth missing]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Scottish women writers]] |
[[Category:19th-century Scottish women writers]] |
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[[Category:Scottish travel writers]] |
[[Category:Scottish travel writers]] |
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[[Category:British women travel writers]] |
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[[Category:British women historians]] |
[[Category:British women historians]] |
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[[Category:British women archaeologists]] |
[[Category:British women archaeologists]] |
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[[Category:Historians of antiquity]] |
[[Category:Historians of antiquity]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:British classical archaeologists]] |
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[[Category:People from Clackmannanshire]] |
[[Category:People from Clackmannanshire]] |
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[[Category:People from Bolsover]] |
[[Category:People from Bolsover]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Linguists of Etruscan]] |
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{{historian-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 10:02, 26 November 2024
Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray (née Johnstone; 3 April 1800 – 21 February 1887) was a Scottish historian and travel author, born in Alva, Clackmannanshire,[1] as the eldest daughter of James Raymond Johnstone and Mary Elizabeth Cholmeley.[2] She was the granddaughter of the colonial businessman John Johnstone.[3][4]
After marrying John Hamilton Gray, a priest and genealogist, in June 1829, Gray moved to Bolsover Castle in England, where she lived until shortly before her death.[3][5]
Research
[edit]Gray became interested in the history of the Etruscans after visiting an exhibition of their artefacts in London organised by Domenico Campanari in 1837.[6] She pursued the subject on a visit to Italy in 1837–1839, drawing on contacts in German and Italian archaeological circles. In 1840 she published Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria, which served as a travelogue and an account of her archaeological research. She then wrote a general History of Etruria: the first two volumes in 1843–1844 and the third in 1868.[3]
As a woman, Hamilton Gray faced criticism for engaging in historical research. In an 1844 review of her work, Samuel Ferguson[7] remarked that "any deep or earnest investigation of matters connected with the social institution of a gentile nation is not properly within the female province."[8] This review was sometimes mistakenly attributed to the explorer George Dennis, who also wrote about the Etruscans.[9]
Other than her research on Etruria, Gray wrote a work on the classical and early medieval church and empire, and two popular children's histories of Rome.[3] She and her husband maintained a collection of antiquities acquired both from dealers in Italy and from her own excavations. It included an unusual red-and-black Etruscan amphora in an Italo-Geometric style, known as the "Hamilton Gray vase".[10]
Elizabeth Caroline Gray died in London on 21 February 1887.[11]
Works
[edit]- Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria. London: J. Hatchard and Son. 1840. (1843 ed.)
- The History of Etruria. London: J. Hatchard and Son. 1843–68. (Vol. 1, 2, 3)
- History of Rome for Young Persons. London: T. Hatchard. 1847. (1858 ed.)
- Emperors of Rome from Augustus to Constantine: Being a Continuation of the History of Rome. London: T. Hatchard. 1850.
- The Empire and the Church, from Constantine to Charlemagne. Oxford: J. Henry and J. Parker. 1857.
References
[edit]- ^ Italia antiqua. Storia dell'etruscologia tra archeologia e storia della cultura (in Italian). Orvieto and Rome: Quasar. 2006. p. 32. ISBN 8871402960.
- ^ "Church Registers - Old parish registers - Births and Baptisms". Scotland's People. National Records of Scotland and the Court of the Lord Lyon.
- ^ a b c d "Elizabeth Caroline Gray". British Travel Writing. University of Wolverhampton. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ Burke, John (1835). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2. London: R. Bentley. p. 302.
- ^ Williams, Dyfri (2009). "The Hamilton Gray Vase". In Swaddling, Judith; Perkins, Philip (eds.). Etruscan by Definition: Papers in Honour of Sybille Haynes. London: British Museum Press. pp. 10–20: 10. ISBN 978-0861591732.
- ^ de Grummond, Nancy Thomson, ed. (1996). "Campanari Family". Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology. London and New York: Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1884964800.
- ^ The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. Walter Edwards Houghton (ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. Volume IV, p. 261
- ^ [Ferguson, Samuel]. Mrs Hamilton Gray’s works on Etruria, The Dublin University Magazine, vol. 24, July–December, 1844, p. 527-543.
- ^ Rasmussen, Tom. George Dennis: In and out of Etruria. Swaddling, Judith (ed.). An Etruscan Affair: The impact of early Etruscan discoveries on European culture. London: Oxbow Books, 2018, p. 4-21.
- ^ Williams 2009, p. 13.
- ^ Boase, Frederic (1892). "Gray, Rev. John Hamilton". Modern English Biography. Vol. 1 – via Project Gutenberg.
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