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Coordinates: 36°39′17″N 51°25′16″E / 36.65472°N 51.42111°E / 36.65472; 51.42111
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{{Short description|City in Mazandaran province, Iran}}
{{For|the administrative subdivision|Chalus County}}

{{for-multi|the administrative division of Mazandaran province|Chalus County|the city in France|Châlus}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Chalus
|official_name =Chalus
|native_name = {{lang|fa|چالوس}}
|native_name = {{langx|fa|چالوس}}
|settlement_type = City
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline = Chalus bridge.jpg
|image_skyline ={{multiple image
| border = infobox
|imagesize =
| total_width = 300
⚫
|image_caption =<small>Chalus on [[Chalus River]] with "Pol-e Ahani (Iron Bridge)"</small>
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 =
| alt1 = Chalus city
| image2 = Chalus bridge.jpg
⚫
| alt2 = Chalus on [[Chalus River]] with "Pol-e Ahani (Iron Bridge)
| image3 = Chalus road 7baradarun - panoramio.jpg
| alt3 = Chalus road 7baradaran
| image4 = Chalous Forests (3106381).jpg
| alt4 = Chalus Forests, HotelHayt
| image5 = Chalus road.JPG
| alt5 = Chalus road
}}
|image_seal = Shahrdary.png
|image_seal = Shahrdary.png
|seal_size = 80px
|seal_size = 80px
Line 12: Line 29:
|mapsize =150px
|mapsize =150px
|pushpin_map =Iran
|pushpin_map =Iran
|coordinates = {{coord|36|39|18|N|51|25|13|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|36|39|17|N|51|25|16|E|dim:3km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.654722&mlon=51.421111&zoom=14#map=14/36.65472/51.42111|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Chalus, Chalus County|date=21 October 2024|access-date=21 October 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[Mazandaran Province|Mazandaran]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[Chalus County|Chalus]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Chalus County|Chalus]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Central District (Chalus County)|Central]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Chalus County)|Central]]
|established_title =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|established_date =
| government_type =Mayor, City Council
| government_type = Mayor, City Council
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name =Jafar Shams
|leader_name = Masud Yaqubi
| leader_title1 = Representative in [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Majles]]
| leader_title1 = Representative in [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Majles]]
| leader_name1 = Ghasem Ahmadi Lashaki
| leader_name1 = MohammadAli Mohseni Bandpey
|area_footnotes =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_m =
|population_total =65,196 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/english|title = Statistical Center of Iran > Home}}</ref>
|population_total = 65196
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province"/>
|population_as_of = 2016 Census
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_density_km2 = auto
|area_code =
|area_code =
|website =http://www.chalouscity.ir/
|website ={{URL|http://chalus.ir}}
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|utc_offset = +3:30
|timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time|IRDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = +4:30
}}
}}


'''Chalus''' ({{lang-fa|چالوس}}; [[romanize]]d: '''Chālūs''', '''Chaloos''', '''Chalousse,''' '''Chalous''', and '''Čālūs''')<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3057857}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hourcade|first=Bernard|date=December 15, 1990|title=ČĀLŪS|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus|url-status=live|access-date=2019-01-22|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7|pages=720–722|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429173654/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref> is a city in [[Mazandaran Province]] in north of [[Iran]].
'''Chalus''' ({{langx|fa|چالوس}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Čâlus''', '''Chaloos''', '''Chalous''', '''Chalousse''', and '''Chālūs'''; [[Mazandarani language|Mazandarani]]: romanized as '''Chālus'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3057857}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hourcade|first=Bernard|date=15 December 1990|title=ČĀLŪS|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus|url-status=live|access-date=2019-01-22|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7|pages=720–722|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429173654/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Chalus County)|Central District]] of [[Chalus County]], [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Chalus County Establishment">{{cite report|title=Creation and establishment of Chalus County with the center of Chalus city in the citizenship of Mazandaran province|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/116431|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831003607/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/116431|lang=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Islamic Council Research Center|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board|archive-date=31 August 2021|orig-date=Approved 15 July 1375|date=c. 2021|id=Proposal 1.4.42.4043; Notification 8445/T17024K|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|access-date=16 January 2024}}</ref>


== About ==
==History==
⚫
In the past, Chalus was to be called "Salus" and "Shalus" under the influence of Arabic. It has a long history of rebels and fights with regional rulers or occupying foreign forces. Chalus used to have a large silk factory that was active from 1936 to 1958, and exported fabrics and other silk products to different countries.
[[File:Chalus Road.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chalus Road]]]]
It serves as the county seat for [[Chalus County]]. According to the 2006 [[Demographics of Iran|census]], it has a population of 44,618, in 12,791 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|02}}</ref>


⚫
Chalus is part of the [[Kelarestaq-e Sharqi Rural District|Kelarestaq]] area of [[Ruyan (district)|Ruyan (Tabaristan)]]. Ruyan was an ancient land in the west of [[Mazandaran province]] during the [[Baduspanids]] era. This land includes [[Kojur]], Kelarestaq and [[Tonekabon]]. The city of Kojur was the centre of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of the [[Tabaristan]], nowadays called Mazandaran province. The Ruyan was also called the Rostamdār, Ostandār and Rostamdele.<ref name=":0"/>
⚫
The people residing in Chalus speak [[Mazanderani language]]. In the west of Chalus, the dialect of Kalarestaqi is spoken and in the east of Chalus, the dialect of Kojuri.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=July 31, 2010|others=Sohrāb Eḥsāni (local informant)|title=KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 4|pages=367–369|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429193555/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1 |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=June 26, 2013 |title=KOJUR i. Historical Geography|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |archive-date=2013-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117055036/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i}}</ref>


==Demographics==
⚫
Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarni. Their origin goes back to Tapuri people. So their land was called Tapuria, the land of Tapuris. Tapuris were made to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=4030997 |title=Māzandarān: Language and People |journal=Iran & the Caucasus |last=Borjian |first=Habib |volume= 8| issue = 2 |date=2004 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |pages=291 |doi=10.1163/1573384043076045}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=tapuri-geo|access-date=2021-02-04 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel |date=2014 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199330799 |pages=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=in+one+case+%28pf0856%29+barley+rations+given+to+tapyrian+juvenile+laborers+in+the+first+seven+months+of+darius+24th+year+%28498+b.c%29+were+recorded+while+i&pg=PA110|access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref>
===Language===
⚫
The people residing in Chalus speak western dialect of [[Mazanderani language]]. In the west of chalus, the Kalarestaqi dialect is spoken, and in the east of chalus, people speak in Kojuri dialect.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=31 July 2010|others=Sohrāb Eḥsāni (local informant)|title=KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 4|pages=367–369|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429193555/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1 |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=26 June 2013 |title=KOJUR i. Historical Geography|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |archive-date=2013-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117055036/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i}}</ref>


⚫
Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarni. Their origin goes back to Tapuri people. So their land was called Tapuria, the land of Tapuris. Tapuris were made to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=4030997 |title=Māzandarān: Language and People |journal=Iran & the Caucasus |last=Borjian |first=Habib |volume= 8| issue = 2 |date=2004 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |pages=291 |doi=10.1163/1573384043076045}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=tapuri-geo|access-date=2021-02-04 |website=perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel |date=2014 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199330799 |pages=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=in+one+case+%28pf0856%29+barley+rations+given+to+tapyrian+juvenile+laborers+in+the+first+seven+months+of+darius+24th+year+%28498+b.c%29+were+recorded+while+i&pg=PA110|access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref>
⚫
The native people of [[Sari]], shahi, [[babol]], [[Amol]], Nowshahr, Chalus, and [[Tonekabon]] are Mazandarani people and speak the Mazandarani language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maza1291 | title=Glottolog 4.6 - Mazanderani }}</ref><ref>Windfuhr, G. L. 1989. New Iranian languages: Overview. In Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., ''Compendium linguarum Iranicarum''. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp.&nbsp;490.</ref>


⚫
The native people of [[Sari]], shahi, [[babol]], [[Amol]], Nowshahr, Chalus, and [[Tonekabon]] are Mazandarani people and speak the Mazandarani language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maza1291 | title=Glottolog 4.6 – Mazanderani }}</ref><ref>Windfuhr, G. L. 1989. New Iranian languages: Overview. In Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., ''Compendium linguarum Iranicarum''. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp.&nbsp;490.</ref>
⚫
The eastern [[Mazandarani]] is spoken in the entire valley of the Čālūs river, though some Kurdish tribes were established in the yeylāq of Kojūr and Kalārdašt in the Qajar period.<ref> Foundation، Encyclopaedia Iranica. «Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org</ref>


⚫
The eastern [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]] is spoken in the entire valley of the [[Chalus River|Čālūs river]], though some Kurdish tribes were established in the yeylāq of Kojūr and Kalārdašt in the Qajar period.<ref>Foundation، Encyclopaedia Iranica. «Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org</ref>
⚫
Chalus is a major vacation destination for Iranians during holidays for its nice weather and natural attractions. One of the great attractions of Chalus is the mountainous road leading to Chalus, widely known as Chalus Road. This city has a reputation for a number of villages, one of which is called Shahrak-e Namak Abrud. This village offers a variety of different entertaining activities, such as a cable car, offering a view of the surrounding mountains.


===Location===
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 44,618 in 12,791 households.<ref name="2006 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920090640/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 47,881 people in 15,077 households.<ref name="2011 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119182058/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 65,196 people in 22,166 households.<ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007110909/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>
⚫
The city is in the [[Mazandaran Province]] in northern [[Iran]]. The bordering counties are [[Noshahr]] to the east, [[Tonekabon]] to the west in [[Mazandaran]] province and [[Tehran province]] to the south. It sits on the [[Chalus River]] by the [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]].

===Geography===
⚫
The city is in the [[Mazandaran province]] in northern [[Iran]]. The bordering counties are [[Noshahr]] to the east, [[Tonekabon]] to the west in [[Mazandaran]] province and [[Tehran province]] to the south. It sits on the [[Chalus River]] by the [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]].


===Climate===
===Climate===
Chalus has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cf''), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.
Chalus has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cf''), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.


==History==
== Tourism ==
⚫
Chalus is a major vacation destination for Iranians during holidays for its nice weather and natural attractions. One of the great attractions of Chalus is the mountainous road leading to Chalus, widely known as [[Chalus Road]]. This city has a reputation for a number of villages, one of which is called [[Namakab Rud]]. This town offers a variety of different entertaining activities, such as a cable car, offering a view of the surrounding mountains.
⚫
Chalus used to be called "Salus" or "Shalus". It has a long history of rebels and fights with regional rulers or occupying foreign forces. Chalus used to have a large silk factory that was active from 1936 to 1958, and exported fabrics and other silk products to different countries.


⚫
Gole Sorkhi, Mohavateh Kaakh (The Palace), Chalus Mahalleh, Radio Darya, Dahgiri, Sheykh Ghotb are among the most notable neighborhoods of Chalus.
⚫
Chalus is part of the [[Kelarestaq]] area of [[Ruyan_(district)|Ruyan (Tabaristan)]]. Ruyan was an ancient land in the west of [[Mazandaran Province]] during the [[Baduspanids]] era. This land includes [[Kojur]], Kelarestaq and [[Tonekabon]]. The city of Kojur was the centre of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of the [[Tabaristan]], nowadays called Mazandaran province. The Ruyan was also called the Rostamdār, Ostandār and Rostamdele.<ref name=":0"/>


⚫
The [[Taliesin Associated Architects]] (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation) had three buildings built in Iran, one of which was the summer residence of [[Shams Pahlavi]] known as Mehrafarin Palace in Chalus (presently occupied by the local police).<ref>{{cite web|last=Kasraie|first=Nima|date=4 June 2004|title=Spiraling into Oblivion, A film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick|url=https://iranian.com/2004/06/04/spiraling-into-oblivion/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|publisher=The Iranian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527010310/https://iranian.com/2004/06/04/spiraling-into-oblivion/ |archive-date=2020-05-27 }}</ref>
== Notable sites ==
⚫
Gole Sorkhi, Kaakh (The Palace), Chalus Mahalleh, Radyo Darya, Dahgiri, Sheykh Ghotb are among the most notable neighborhoods of Chalus.


== See also ==
⚫
The [[Taliesin Associated Architects]] (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation) had three buildings built in Iran, one of which was the summer residence of [[Shams Pahlavi]] known as Mehrafarin Palace in Chalus (presently occupied by the local police).<ref>{{cite web|last=Kasraie|first=Nima|date=June 4, 2004|title=Spiraling into Oblivion, A film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick|url=https://iranian.com/2004/06/04/spiraling-into-oblivion/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|publisher=The Iranian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527010310/https://iranian.com/2004/06/04/spiraling-into-oblivion/ |archive-date=2020-05-27 }}</ref>
* [[Padishkhwargar]]
* [[Kandolus]]

⚫
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


⚫
{{Mazandaran Province}}
⚫
{{Chalus County}}

⚫
{{Portal|Iran}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
{{Mazandaran Province|state=collapsed}}

⚫
{{Chalus County|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Chalus, Iran| ]]
[[Category:Chalus, Iran| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Chalus County]]
[[Category:Populated places in Chalus County]]
[[Category:Cities in Mazandaran Province]]
[[Category:Cities in Mazandaran province]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Caspian Sea]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Caspian Sea]]


{{Chalus-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:57, 7 December 2024

For the administrative division of Mazandaran province, see Chalus County. For the city in France, see Châlus.

Chalus
Persian: چالوس
City
Chalus on Chalus River with "Pol-e Ahani (Iron Bridge)
Chalus road 7baradaran
Chalus Forests, HotelHayt
Chalus road
Official seal of Chalus
Seal
Location of Chalus
Chalus is located in Iran
Chalus
Chalus
Coordinates: 36°39′17″N 51°25′16″E / 36.65472°N 51.42111°E / 36.65472; 51.42111[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyChalus
DistrictCentral
Government
 • TypeMayor, City Council
 • MayorMasud Yaqubi
 • Representative in MajlesMohammadAli Mohseni Bandpey
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
65,196
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Websitechalus.ir

Chalus (Persian: چالوس)[a] is a city in the Central District of Chalus County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]

History

[edit]

In the past, Chalus was to be called "Salus" and "Shalus" under the influence of Arabic. It has a long history of rebels and fights with regional rulers or occupying foreign forces. Chalus used to have a large silk factory that was active from 1936 to 1958, and exported fabrics and other silk products to different countries.

Chalus is part of the Kelarestaq area of Ruyan (Tabaristan). Ruyan was an ancient land in the west of Mazandaran province during the Baduspanids era. This land includes Kojur, Kelarestaq and Tonekabon. The city of Kojur was the centre of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of the Tabaristan, nowadays called Mazandaran province. The Ruyan was also called the Rostamdār, Ostandār and Rostamdele.[6]

Demographics

[edit]

Language

[edit]

The people residing in Chalus speak western dialect of Mazanderani language. In the west of chalus, the Kalarestaqi dialect is spoken, and in the east of chalus, people speak in Kojuri dialect.[6][7]

Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarni. Their origin goes back to Tapuri people. So their land was called Tapuria, the land of Tapuris. Tapuris were made to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.[8][9][10]

The native people of Sari, shahi, babol, Amol, Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon are Mazandarani people and speak the Mazandarani language.[11][12]

The eastern Gilaki is spoken in the entire valley of the Čālūs river, though some Kurdish tribes were established in the yeylāq of Kojūr and Kalārdašt in the Qajar period.[13]

Population

[edit]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 44,618 in 12,791 households.[14] The following census in 2011 counted 47,881 people in 15,077 households.[15] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 65,196 people in 22,166 households.[2]

Geography

[edit]

The city is in the Mazandaran province in northern Iran. The bordering counties are Noshahr to the east, Tonekabon to the west in Mazandaran province and Tehran province to the south. It sits on the Chalus River by the Caspian.

Climate

[edit]

Chalus has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

Tourism

[edit]

Chalus is a major vacation destination for Iranians during holidays for its nice weather and natural attractions. One of the great attractions of Chalus is the mountainous road leading to Chalus, widely known as Chalus Road. This city has a reputation for a number of villages, one of which is called Namakab Rud. This town offers a variety of different entertaining activities, such as a cable car, offering a view of the surrounding mountains.

Gole Sorkhi, Mohavateh Kaakh (The Palace), Chalus Mahalleh, Radio Darya, Dahgiri, Sheykh Ghotb are among the most notable neighborhoods of Chalus.

The Taliesin Associated Architects (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation) had three buildings built in Iran, one of which was the summer residence of Shams Pahlavi known as Mehrafarin Palace in Chalus (presently occupied by the local police).[16]

See also

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flag Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Čâlus, Chaloos, Chalous, Chalousse, and Chālūs; Mazandarani: romanized as Chālus[3][4]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (21 October 2024). "Chalus, Chalus County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Chalus, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3057857" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Hourcade, Bernard (15 December 1990). "ČĀLŪS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7. pp. 720–722. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2021) [Approved 15 July 1375]. Creation and establishment of Chalus County with the center of Chalus city in the citizenship of Mazandaran province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 1.4.42.4043; Notification 8445/T17024K. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2024 – via Islamic Council Research Center.
  6. ^ a b Borjian, Habib (31 July 2010). "KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 4. Sohrāb Eḥsāni (local informant). pp. 367–369. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  7. ^ Borjian, Habib (26 June 2013). "KOJUR i. Historical Geography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  8. ^ Borjian, Habib (2004). "Māzandarān: Language and People". Iran & the Caucasus. 8 (2). Brill: 291. doi:10.1163/1573384043076045. JSTOR 4030997.
  9. ^ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI". perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  10. ^ Potts, Daniel (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780199330799. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  11. ^ "Glottolog 4.6 – Mazanderani".
  12. ^ Windfuhr, G. L. 1989. New Iranian languages: Overview. In Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., Compendium linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp. 490.
  13. ^ Foundation، Encyclopaedia Iranica. «Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org
  14. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  15. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  16. ^ Kasraie, Nima (4 June 2004). "Spiraling into Oblivion, A film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick". The Iranian. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
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