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| area_served = [[Malaysia]]
| area_served = [[Malaysia]]
| location = [[Petaling Jaya, Selangor]]
| location = [[Petaling Jaya, Selangor]]
| owner = [[Media Prima|Media Prima Berhad]]
| owner = [[MRCB|Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad]]
| parent = [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad]] (40%)<br>[[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, (Inc.)]] (30%)<br>Eurocrest Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)<br>Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)<br>Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd. (5%)
| parent = [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad]] (40%)<br>[[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, (Inc.)]] (30%)<br>Eurocrest Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)<br>Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)<br>Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd. (5%)
| founded = {{start date and age|1995|11|1|df=yes}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1995|11|1|df=yes}}
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}}
}}


'''CableView Services Sdn. Bhd.''', operating as '''Mega TV''' was [[Malaysia]]'s first ever [[subscription television|subscription]]-based [[pay television]] service. It was incorporated on 18 October 1994 and began transmissions on 1 November 1995 and was operated by Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), is a [[Mass media in Malaysia|Malaysian]] [[free-to-air]] [[Television broadcaster|television network]] owned and operated by [[Media Prima|Media Prima Berhad]].
'''CableView Services Sdn. Bhd.''', operating as '''Mega TV''' was [[Malaysia]]'s first ever [[subscription television|subscription]]-based [[pay television]] service.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1237694/demand-for-mega-tv-catches-on|title=Demand for Mega TV catches on|author=Shahreem Amry|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=13 September 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/720407/mega-tv-gearing-up-to-do-battle|title=Mega TV gearing up to do battle|author=Zainal Alam Kadir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=30 March 1996|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/694666/mega-tv-heats-up-the-airwaves|title=Mega TV heats up the airwaves|author1=Suraya Al-Attas|author2=Zainal Alam Kadir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=22 December 1995|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> It was incorporated on 18 October 1994 and began transmissions on 1 November 1995 and was operated by Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), a [[Mass media in Malaysia|Malaysian]] [[free-to-air]] [[Television broadcaster|television network]] owned and operated by [[MRCB|Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad]] (MRCB).


Mega TV was transmitted from its headquarters in [[Bandar Utama]], in the northern fringes of [[Petaling Jaya, Selangor]]. It failed to break into the pay television market, and shut down in 2001.
Mega TV was transmitted from its headquarters in [[Bandar Utama]], in the northern fringes of [[Petaling Jaya, Selangor]]. It failed to break into the pay television market, and shut down in 2001.


== History ==
== History ==
Mega TV began as a plan by broadcaster [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] in 1991 to "to spread information to the public".<ref name="have"></ref> Initially named "Customised News Service",<ref name="have"></ref> it was renamed "Subscriber News Service" in 1992.<ref name="more">{{cite news |title=Two more TV stations for Malaysia soon |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19920801-1.2.30.5 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=1 August 1992}}</ref> The service {{endash}} jointly operated by the public and private sector {{endash}}<ref name="more"></ref> would have a three-<ref name="more"></ref> to-five channel offering,<ref name="manage"></ref> focusing on news<ref name="manage"></ref> with content from [[CNN]] and [[ITN|Britain's ITN]] and [[BBC]].<ref name="have"></ref> The service would be transmitted through UHF and received using decoders.<ref name="have">{{cite news |title=RTM may have 2 different primetime news bulletins |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19911025-1.2.29.3 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=25 October 1991}}</ref> The service cost RM 25 million and planned to begin in 1993 with coverage initially limited to the Klang Valley.<ref name="more"></ref>
Mega TV began as a plan by public broadcaster [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] in 1991 to "to spread information to the public".<ref name="have"></ref> Initially named "Customised News Service",<ref name="have"></ref> it was renamed "Subscriber News Service" in 1992.<ref name="more">{{cite news |title=Two more TV stations for Malaysia soon |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19920801-1.2.30.5 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=1 August 1992}}</ref> The service {{endash}} jointly operated by the public and private sector {{endash}}<ref name="more"></ref> would have a three-<ref name="more"></ref> to-five channel offering,<ref name="manage"></ref> focusing on news<ref name="manage"></ref> with content from [[CNN]] and [[ITN|Britain's ITN]] and [[BBC]].<ref name="have"></ref> The service would be transmitted through UHF and received using decoders.<ref name="have">{{cite news |title=RTM may have 2 different primetime news bulletins |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19911025-1.2.29.3 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=25 October 1991}}</ref> The service cost RM 25 million and planned to begin in 1993 with coverage initially limited to the Klang Valley.<ref name="more"></ref>


In 1993, it was revealed that Subscriber News Service's channel lineup would consist of [[CNN]], [[BBC]] and [[Fox Sports (Asian TV network)|Prime Sports]] from [[Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific|Star TV]],<ref name="next">{{cite news |title=3 new cable TV channels for Malaysia next year |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930823-1.2.30.2 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=23 August 1993}}</ref> with each channel broadcasting 18 hours a day and without censorship.<ref name="next"></ref> Subscribers of the service would need to pay RM 50 a month.<ref name="next"></ref> [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] spent RM 500 million a year to carry those channels.<ref name="next"></ref> The Economic Planning Unit was tasked to find suitable companies to run the joint venture.<ref name="next"></ref>
In 1993, it was revealed that Subscriber News Service's channel lineup would consist of [[CNN]], [[BBC]] and [[Fox Sports (Asian TV network)|Prime Sports]] from [[Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific|Star TV]],<ref name="next">{{cite news |title=3 new cable TV channels for Malaysia next year |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930823-1.2.30.2 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=23 August 1993}}</ref> with each channel broadcasting 18 hours a day and without censorship.<ref name="next"></ref> Subscribers of the service would need to pay RM 50 a month.<ref name="next"></ref> [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] spent RM 500 million a year to carry those channels.<ref name="next"></ref> The Economic Planning Unit was tasked to find suitable companies to run the joint venture.<ref name="next"></ref>
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At least 11 companies applied for the joint operation of Subscriber News Service in early 1994.<ref name="manage">{{cite news |title=11 firms apply to manage Subscribers' News Service |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940304-1.2.33.2 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=4 March 1994}}</ref>
At least 11 companies applied for the joint operation of Subscriber News Service in early 1994.<ref name="manage">{{cite news |title=11 firms apply to manage Subscribers' News Service |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940304-1.2.33.2 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=4 March 1994}}</ref>


On 11 July 1994, a consortium of companies, consisting of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd.,<ref name="licence"></ref> was selected to run the joint venture<ref name="licence"></ref> out of the eleven applicants.<ref name="in">{{cite news |title=TV3 takes biggest stake in cable TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940817-1.2.50.43 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=17 August 1994}}</ref> The consortium was fully ran by Bumiputra companies.<ref name="licence"></ref> The joint venture would be 70% owned by the consortium with [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] taking the rest,<ref name="licence"></ref> with the latter involved in controlling the broacast and information sources that may harm the safety and values of Malaysia.<ref name="licence"></ref> The Economic Planning Unit chose the three-company consortium as it would guarantee high returns to the government.<ref name="licence">{{cite news |title=RTM, 3-company consortium win cable TV licence |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19940712-1.2.15.1 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=Business Times |date=12 July 1994}}</ref> The service was renamed "Satellite Network Services", with the offering expanded to five channels and would be able to broadcast 24 hours a day.<ref name="licence"></ref>
On 11 July 1994, a consortium of companies, consisting of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd.,<ref name="licence"></ref> was selected to run the joint venture<ref name="licence"></ref> out of the eleven applicants.<ref name="in">{{cite news |title=TV3 takes biggest stake in cable TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940817-1.2.50.43 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=17 August 1994}}</ref> The consortium was fully run by Bumiputra companies.<ref name="licence"></ref> The joint venture would be 70% owned by the consortium with [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] taking the rest,<ref name="licence"></ref> with the latter involved in controlling the broadcast and information sources that may harm the safety and values of Malaysia.<ref name="licence"></ref> The Economic Planning Unit chose the three-company consortium as it would guarantee high returns to the government.<ref name="licence">{{cite news |title=RTM, 3-company consortium win cable TV licence |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19940712-1.2.15.1 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=Business Times |date=12 July 1994}}</ref> The service was renamed "Satellite Network Services", with the offering expanded to five channels and would be able to broadcast 24 hours a day.<ref name="licence"></ref>


The following month, [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]] took 40% share of the consortium<ref name="in"></ref> while [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] takes 35%<ref name="in"></ref> and Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest taking 12.5% of the share respectively.<ref name="in"></ref> [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]]'s role would later be handed over to the Ministry of Finance ([[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, Inc.]]) with 30%,<ref name="cable"></ref> along with Sri Utara joining in taking 5% of [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]]'s former share.<ref name="cable"></ref>
The following month, [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]] took 40% share of the consortium<ref name="in"></ref> while [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] takes 35%<ref name="in"></ref> and Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest taking 12.5% of the share respectively.<ref name="in"></ref> [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]]'s role would later be handed over to the Ministry of Finance ([[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, Inc.]]) with 30%,<ref name="cable"></ref> along with Sri Utara joining in taking 5% of [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]]'s former share.<ref name="cable"></ref>


'''CableView Services Sdn. Bhd.''' or simply '''Mega TV''' was incorporated on 18 October 1994 by a consortium which consisted of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), Minister of Finance Incorporated ([[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, Inc.]]), Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd., Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. and Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd.
'''CableView Services Sdn. Bhd.''', operating under its trade name '''Mega TV''' was incorporated on 18 October 1994 by a consortium which consisted of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad ([[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]), Minister of Finance Incorporated ([[Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)|MoF, Inc.]]), Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd., Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. and Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1347315/-mega-tv-can-hold-its-own-against-new-players-|title='Mega TV can hold its own against new players'|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=29 February 1996|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>


In 1995, it was revealed that the consortium {{endash}} by now known as CableView Services Sdn. Bhd. {{endash}} would launch in the third quarter of the year,<ref name="cable"></ref> with a plan to provide 30 more channels.<ref name="cable">{{cite news |title=Malaysia to get cable television by end-1996 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950429-1.2.67.1 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=29 April 1995}}</ref> This would later be changed to third trimester of 1995, providing a five-channel service. The initial plans were to start the rollout in the [[Klang Valley]], followed by [[Seremban]] and [[Malacca]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 1995 |title=
In 1995, it was revealed that the consortium {{endash}} by now known as CableView Services Sdn. Bhd. {{endash}} would launch in the third quarter of the year,<ref name="cable"></ref> with a plan to provide 30 more channels.<ref name="cable">{{cite news |title=Malaysia to get cable television by end-1996 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950429-1.2.67.1 |access-date=21 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=29 April 1995}}</ref> This would later be changed to third trimester of 1995, providing a five-channel service. The initial plans were to start the rollout in the [[Klang Valley]], followed by [[Seremban]] and [[Malacca]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 1995 |title=
MEGA TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950527-1.2.28.11.4 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref> By August it was announced that Mega TV was set to start on 1 November 1995, after signing a deal to carry [[HBO Asia]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 1995 |title=HBO Asia movies to screen on M'sia cable TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19950824-1.2.10.4 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Business Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1901048/leap-in-tv-fare-for-a-price|title=Leap in TV fare, for a price|publisher=Sunday Mail|date=29 October 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/697382/pay-tv-to-feature-films-24-hours-a-day|title=Pay-TV to feature films 24 hours a day|author=Melanie Proctor|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=20 October 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref>
MEGA TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950527-1.2.28.11.4 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref> Mega TV signed a deal with [[Discovery Communications]], the operator of [[Discovery Channel]] on 22 June where Discovery's programming.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1995/scene/markets-festivals/mega-tv-deal-set-to-aid-malaysia-s-english-fluency-99126773/|title=Mega TV deal set to aid Malaysia's English fluency|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=26 February 1995|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>
By August it was announced that Mega TV was set to start on 1 November 1995,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1244932/mega-tv-to-start-operating-in-november|title=Mega TV to start operating in November|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=24 August 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref> after signing a deal to carry [[HBO Asia]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 1995 |title=HBO Asia movies to screen on M'sia cable TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19950824-1.2.10.4 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Business Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1901048/leap-in-tv-fare-for-a-price|title=Leap in TV fare, for a price|publisher=Sunday Mail|date=29 October 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/697382/pay-tv-to-feature-films-24-hours-a-day|title=Pay-TV to feature films 24 hours a day|author=Melanie Proctor|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=20 October 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref>

In September, the Ministry of Information clarified that the Mega TV's subscription payment rate is considered "reasonable".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/367140/kadar-mega-tv-munasabah|title=Kadar Mega TV munasabah|publisher=Berita Minggu|date=10 September 1995|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref>


Cable-based transmissions was officially inaugurated by the 4th [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], [[Mahathir Mohamad|Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad]] and broadcasts from [[Petaling Jaya]] on 1 November 1995 through a microwave-based broadcast system.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 1995 |title=Mahathir calls on local media to be innovative |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19951101-1.2.40.1 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 November 1995 |title=Cutting edge for satellite broadcasts |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19951102-1.2.29.7 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Business Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref>
Cable-based transmissions was officially inaugurated by the 4th [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], [[Mahathir Mohamad|Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad]] and broadcasts from [[Petaling Jaya]] on 1 November 1995 through a microwave-based broadcast system.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 1995 |title=Mahathir calls on local media to be innovative |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19951101-1.2.40.1 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 November 1995 |title=Cutting edge for satellite broadcasts |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19951102-1.2.29.7 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=The Business Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref>


Mega TV planned to added more five new channels by the end of 1996.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/643343/five-new-mega-tv-channels-likely-by-end-of-the-year|title=Five new Mega TV channels likely by end of the year|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=4 July 1996|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref>
The company signed a deal with Japanese company, [[Sony]]'s Malaysia branch to set up about 500 dealership network in November 1995.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1227973/cableview-services-in-tie-up-with-sony|title=Cableview Services in tie-up with Sony|author=Francis C. Nantha|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=30 November 1995|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/2671085/sony-plans-rm5m-for-mega-tv|title=Sony plans RM5m for Mega TV|author=Mary Zachariah|publisher=[[Business Times (Malaysia)|Business Times]]|date=30 November 1995|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>

Mega TV's service made available in [[Seremban]], Negeri Sembilan and [[Malacca]] as early as February 1996,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/645246/mega-tv-spreads-its-wings|title=Mega TV spreads its wings|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=8 February 1996|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> followed by [[Ipoh]], Perak by the end of March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/717354/multi-channel-cable-tv-for-viewers-in-ipoh|title=Multi-channel cable TV for viewers in Ipoh|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=23 March 1996|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>

On 21 April 1996, Mega TV installed a second transmitter station in Bukit Sungai Besi which enabled the cable operator improved its broadcast reception in the Klang Valley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/3207515/mega-tv-ke-seluruh-negara|title=Mega TV ke seluruh negara|publisher=[[Harian Metro]]|date=24 April 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1335147/second-mega-tv-station-to-improve-reception|title=Second Mega TV station to improve reception|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=24 April 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

Mega TV started aired its own news bulletin on 1 July 1996.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1317746/mega-tv-to-offer-two-news-bulletins|title=Mega TV to offer two news bulletins|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=11 June 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/643636/local-news-on-mega-tv-soon|title=Local news on Mega TV soon|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=11 June 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> A months later, in July, Mega TV signed a deal with [[Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts]] for a year-term to provide the cable operator's service to the latter's hotel chains.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4137161/mega-tv-service-in-shangri-la-hotel|title=Mega TV service in Shangri-La Hotel|author=K. Sukumaran|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=2 July 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

As early as August 1996, Mega TV said that it would expand its operations in different cities in Peninsular Malaysia by the year-end<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/2720209/mega-tv-to-cover-major-towns-by-end-of-the-year|title=Mega TV to cover major towns by end of the year|publisher=[[Business Times (Malaysia)|Business Times]]|date=2 August 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> and at the same time, it appointed 12 installation companies to improved its services.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/709266/mega-tv-appoints-12-new-installers|title=Mega TV appoints 12 new installers|author=Zainal Alam Kadir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=3 August 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

Mega TV also planned to open more customer service centres across Malaysia as part of its effort to broadening its customer base.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1310829/mega-tv-plans-more-customer-service-centres|title=Mega TV plans more customer service centres|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=22 August 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> The pay-TV operator signed a deal with High-Tech Electronics in September 1996 to authorized at least 90 [[National Panasonic]] and [[Technics (brand)|Technics]] partner shops in the country to registered and installing cable television.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/642492/more-installers-for-mega-tv|title=More installers for Mega TV|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=2 September 1996|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

Mega TV planned to added more five new channels by the end of 1996.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/643343/five-new-mega-tv-channels-likely-by-end-of-the-year|title=Five new Mega TV channels likely by end of the year|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=4 July 1996|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref> In early 1997, Mega TV setup its own panel of censors to monitoring any of contents which should be aired on its platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/652536/in-house-censors-for-mega-tv|title=In-house censors for Mega TV|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=21 February 1997|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

In May, Mega TV introduced a cat as its mascot<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/685954/cat-mascot-for-mega-tv|title=Cat mascot for Mega TV|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=8 May 1997|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> and received approval from the Information Ministry to operated more five channels as an addition to existing five channels on its platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1190508/cableview-gets-nod-for-five-more-tv-channels|title=Cableview gets nod for five more TV channels|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=5 May 1997|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

In early September, it launched three self-packaged channels.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/650485/mega-treat-on-new-channels|title=Mega treat on new channels|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=13 August 1997|accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref> The cable TV operator's subscription total increased to 125,000 subscribers by October 1997.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/2402907/mega-tv-dapat-125-000-pelanggan|title=Mega TV dapat 125,000 pelanggan|publisher=[[Berita Harian]]|date=4 October 1997|accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>

In March 1998, Mega TV targets a total of 230,000 subscribers by the year-end.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1141621/mega-tv-targets-230-000-subscribers|title=Mega TV targets 230,000 subscribers|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=28 March 1998|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

⚫
In September 1998, a [[CNN]] interview with [[Anwar Ibrahim]] was interrupted, which Mega TV said it was "an accident".<ref>{{cite news |title=Interruption in Anwar interview 'an accident' |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19980911-1.2.37.6 |work=The Straits Times |date=11 September 1998}}</ref> The MoU between Mega TV and UIH Asia-Pacific Communications was ended on 12 October.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1089753/tv3-cableview-and-uap-call-off-mou|title=TV3, Cableview and UAP call off MoU|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=7 December 1998|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

In December, Mega TV ceased broadcast of [[ESPN]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1089290/mega-tv-confirms-ending-espn-channel|title=Mega TV confirms ending ESPN channel|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=2 December 1998|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref> but assured that the channel will return on its platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1088016/mega-tv-to-resume-transmission-of-espn|title=Mega TV to resume transmission of ESPN|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=9 December 1998|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

By January 1999, Mega TV ceased transmission in some areas in Kedah, Johor and Terengganu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1088388/mega-tv-stopping-transmission-to-some-areas-from-january|title=Mega TV stopping transmission to some areas from January|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=8 December 1998|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

Mega TV partnered with [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]] and [[MIMOS]] in August 1999 to incorporated a new wireless transmission technology for internet use.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1458367/wireless-transmission-system-for-internet|title=Wireless transmission system for Internet|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=4 August 1999|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

Mega TV added a 24-hour Tamil channel, Thangathurai (Golden Screen) on 11 October 1999 to target its Indian subscribers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1458764/new-24-hour-tamil-channel-on-mega-tv-from-oct-11|title=New 24-hour Tamil channel on Mega TV from Oct 11|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=29 September 1999|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/653716/mega-24-hour-treat-for-indian-viewers|title=Mega 24-hour treat for Indian viewers|author=G. Shanti|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=30 September 1999|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref>


In December 1999, Mega TV no longer carries [[HBO]] channel on its platform following the expiration of its contract with HBO Asia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1445953/mega-tv-s-movie-channel-hbo-taken-off-the-air|title=Mega TV's movie channel HBO taken off the air|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=23 December 1999|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref> By January 2000, Mega TV ceased broadcast on more different locations in six states in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1605778/mega-tv-to-cease-broadcast-in-several-areas|title=Mega TV to cease broadcast in several areas|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=29 January 2000|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref>
⚫
In September 1998, a [[CNN]] interview with [[Anwar Ibrahim]] was interrupted, which Mega TV said it was "an accident".<ref>{{cite news |title=Interruption in Anwar interview 'an accident' |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19980911-1.2.37.6 |work=The Straits Times |date=11 September 1998}}</ref>


Faced with stiff competition from the [[Astro (company)|Astro]] satellite television network which was launched seven months later, combined with the failures to expand its content, Mega TV ceased operations on 1 October 2001 as a result, leaving [[Astro (company)|Astro]] as the one and only pay-TV service provider in Malaysia. Following Mega TV's shutdown, many of its subscribers have been switched to Astro.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/2022119/3-000-pelanggan-mega-tv-bertukar-ke-astro|title=3,000 pelanggan Mega TV bertukar ke Astro|publisher=[[Berita Harian]]|date=8 November 2001|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/2900111/astro-for-former-mega-tv-subscribers|title=Astro for former Mega TV subscribers|publisher=[[Business Times (Malaysia)|Business Times]]|date=8 November 2001|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/3559993/astro-mega-tv-deal|title=Astro-Mega TV deal|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|date=9 November 2001|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref> This comes after its parent company, the [[MRCB|Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad]] (MRCB) on the same date announced to divested itself from its media arm, namely [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]] and [[New Straits Times Press]] (NSTP) and transferring them to Profitune, which primarily focused on multimedia business before it went on to become [[Media Prima]] a year later, in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes20011001-1.2.55.23.23.1|title=MRCB MAY SELL MEDIA BUSINESSES|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=1 October 2001|accessdate=6 June 2019|page=7}}</ref>
Faced with stiff competition from the [[Astro (company)|Astro]] satellite television network which was launched seven months later, combined with the failures to expand its content, Mega TV ceased transmission in 2001 as a result, leaving [[Astro (company)|Astro]] as the one and only pay-TV service provider in Malaysia.


== Channel listing ==
== Channel listing ==
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|-
|-
| [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]
| [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]]
| [[Media Prima]]
| [[MRCB]]
|-
|-
| [[CNN International|CNN]]
| [[CNN International|CNN]]

Revision as of 02:29, 8 December 2024

Mega TV
(CableView Services Sdn. Bhd.)
IndustryCable television
Founded1 November 1995; 29 years ago (1995-11-01)
Defunct1 October 2001; 23 years ago (2001-10-01)
HeadquartersPetaling Jaya, Selangor
Area served
Malaysia
OwnerMalaysian Resources Corporation Berhad
ParentSistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (40%)
MoF, (Inc.) (30%)
Eurocrest Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)
Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. (12.5%)
Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd. (5%)

CableView Services Sdn. Bhd., operating as Mega TV was Malaysia's first ever subscription-based pay television service.[1][2][3] It was incorporated on 18 October 1994 and began transmissions on 1 November 1995 and was operated by Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (TV3), a Malaysian free-to-air television network owned and operated by Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad (MRCB).

Mega TV was transmitted from its headquarters in Bandar Utama, in the northern fringes of Petaling Jaya, Selangor. It failed to break into the pay television market, and shut down in 2001.

History

Mega TV began as a plan by public broadcaster RTM in 1991 to "to spread information to the public".[4] Initially named "Customised News Service",[4] it was renamed "Subscriber News Service" in 1992.[5] The service – jointly operated by the public and private sector –[5] would have a three-[5] to-five channel offering,[6] focusing on news[6] with content from CNN and Britain's ITN and BBC.[4] The service would be transmitted through UHF and received using decoders.[4] The service cost RM 25 million and planned to begin in 1993 with coverage initially limited to the Klang Valley.[5]

In 1993, it was revealed that Subscriber News Service's channel lineup would consist of CNN, BBC and Prime Sports from Star TV,[7] with each channel broadcasting 18 hours a day and without censorship.[7] Subscribers of the service would need to pay RM 50 a month.[7] RTM spent RM 500 million a year to carry those channels.[7] The Economic Planning Unit was tasked to find suitable companies to run the joint venture.[7]

At least 11 companies applied for the joint operation of Subscriber News Service in early 1994.[6]

On 11 July 1994, a consortium of companies, consisting of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (TV3), Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd.,[8] was selected to run the joint venture[8] out of the eleven applicants.[9] The consortium was fully run by Bumiputra companies.[8] The joint venture would be 70% owned by the consortium with RTM taking the rest,[8] with the latter involved in controlling the broadcast and information sources that may harm the safety and values of Malaysia.[8] The Economic Planning Unit chose the three-company consortium as it would guarantee high returns to the government.[8] The service was renamed "Satellite Network Services", with the offering expanded to five channels and would be able to broadcast 24 hours a day.[8]

The following month, TV3 took 40% share of the consortium[9] while RTM takes 35%[9] and Ibex Corporation and Eurocrest taking 12.5% of the share respectively.[9] RTM's role would later be handed over to the Ministry of Finance (MoF, Inc.) with 30%,[10] along with Sri Utara joining in taking 5% of RTM's former share.[10]

CableView Services Sdn. Bhd., operating under its trade name Mega TV was incorporated on 18 October 1994 by a consortium which consisted of Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (TV3), Minister of Finance Incorporated (MoF, Inc.), Eurocrest (M) Sdn. Bhd., Ibex TV (M) Sdn. Bhd. and Sri Utara Sdn. Bhd.[11]

In 1995, it was revealed that the consortium – by now known as CableView Services Sdn. Bhd. – would launch in the third quarter of the year,[10] with a plan to provide 30 more channels.[10] This would later be changed to third trimester of 1995, providing a five-channel service. The initial plans were to start the rollout in the Klang Valley, followed by Seremban and Malacca.[12] Mega TV signed a deal with Discovery Communications, the operator of Discovery Channel on 22 June where Discovery's programming.[13]

By August it was announced that Mega TV was set to start on 1 November 1995,[14] after signing a deal to carry HBO Asia.[15][16][17]

In September, the Ministry of Information clarified that the Mega TV's subscription payment rate is considered "reasonable".[18]

Cable-based transmissions was officially inaugurated by the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad and broadcasts from Petaling Jaya on 1 November 1995 through a microwave-based broadcast system.[19][20]

The company signed a deal with Japanese company, Sony's Malaysia branch to set up about 500 dealership network in November 1995.[21][22]

Mega TV's service made available in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca as early as February 1996,[23] followed by Ipoh, Perak by the end of March.[24]

On 21 April 1996, Mega TV installed a second transmitter station in Bukit Sungai Besi which enabled the cable operator improved its broadcast reception in the Klang Valley.[25][26]

Mega TV started aired its own news bulletin on 1 July 1996.[27][28] A months later, in July, Mega TV signed a deal with Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts for a year-term to provide the cable operator's service to the latter's hotel chains.[29]

As early as August 1996, Mega TV said that it would expand its operations in different cities in Peninsular Malaysia by the year-end[30] and at the same time, it appointed 12 installation companies to improved its services.[31]

Mega TV also planned to open more customer service centres across Malaysia as part of its effort to broadening its customer base.[32] The pay-TV operator signed a deal with High-Tech Electronics in September 1996 to authorized at least 90 National Panasonic and Technics partner shops in the country to registered and installing cable television.[33]

Mega TV planned to added more five new channels by the end of 1996.[34] In early 1997, Mega TV setup its own panel of censors to monitoring any of contents which should be aired on its platform.[35]

In May, Mega TV introduced a cat as its mascot[36] and received approval from the Information Ministry to operated more five channels as an addition to existing five channels on its platform.[37]

In early September, it launched three self-packaged channels.[38] The cable TV operator's subscription total increased to 125,000 subscribers by October 1997.[39]

In March 1998, Mega TV targets a total of 230,000 subscribers by the year-end.[40]

In September 1998, a CNN interview with Anwar Ibrahim was interrupted, which Mega TV said it was "an accident".[41] The MoU between Mega TV and UIH Asia-Pacific Communications was ended on 12 October.[42]

In December, Mega TV ceased broadcast of ESPN,[43] but assured that the channel will return on its platform.[44]

By January 1999, Mega TV ceased transmission in some areas in Kedah, Johor and Terengganu.[45]

Mega TV partnered with TV3 and MIMOS in August 1999 to incorporated a new wireless transmission technology for internet use.[46]

Mega TV added a 24-hour Tamil channel, Thangathurai (Golden Screen) on 11 October 1999 to target its Indian subscribers.[47][48]

In December 1999, Mega TV no longer carries HBO channel on its platform following the expiration of its contract with HBO Asia.[49] By January 2000, Mega TV ceased broadcast on more different locations in six states in Malaysia.[50]

Faced with stiff competition from the Astro satellite television network which was launched seven months later, combined with the failures to expand its content, Mega TV ceased operations on 1 October 2001 as a result, leaving Astro as the one and only pay-TV service provider in Malaysia. Following Mega TV's shutdown, many of its subscribers have been switched to Astro.[51][52][53] This comes after its parent company, the Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad (MRCB) on the same date announced to divested itself from its media arm, namely TV3 and New Straits Times Press (NSTP) and transferring them to Profitune, which primarily focused on multimedia business before it went on to become Media Prima a year later, in 2002.[54]

Channel listing

At the time of launch, Mega TV offered the following channels:[55][56]

Name Language Owner Group Type
TV1 Malay RTM Free-to-air Terrestrial
TV2
TV3 MRCB
CNN English CNN News Subscription
Discovery Channel Asia English (Malay subtitle) Discovery Communications Education
ESPN Asia English ESPN Sports
HBO Asia English (Malay subtitle) HBO Movies
Cartoon Network Asia & Turner Classic Movies English (Malay subtitle) Cartoon Network Cartoons and classic movies

See also

Other pay-TV service provider:

References

  1. ^ Shahreem Amry (13 September 1995). "Demand for Mega TV catches on". New Straits Times. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  2. ^ Zainal Alam Kadir (30 March 1996). "Mega TV gearing up to do battle". New Straits Times. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  3. ^ Suraya Al-Attas; Zainal Alam Kadir (22 December 1995). "Mega TV heats up the airwaves". New Straits Times. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d "RTM may have 2 different primetime news bulletins". The Straits Times. 25 October 1991. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "Two more TV stations for Malaysia soon". The Straits Times. 1 August 1992. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  6. ^ a b c "11 firms apply to manage Subscribers' News Service". The Straits Times. 4 March 1994. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e "3 new cable TV channels for Malaysia next year". The Straits Times. 23 August 1993. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "RTM, 3-company consortium win cable TV licence". Business Times. 12 July 1994. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d "TV3 takes biggest stake in cable TV". The Straits Times. 17 August 1994. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d "Malaysia to get cable television by end-1996". The Straits Times. 29 April 1995. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  11. ^ "'Mega TV can hold its own against new players'". New Straits Times. 29 February 1996. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  12. ^ "MEGA TV". The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB). 27 May 1995. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Mega TV deal set to aid Malaysia's English fluency". Variety. 26 February 1995. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  14. ^ "Mega TV to start operating in November". New Straits Times. 24 August 1995. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  15. ^ "HBO Asia movies to screen on M'sia cable TV". The Business Times (retrieved from NLB). 24 August 1995. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Leap in TV fare, for a price". Sunday Mail. 29 October 1995. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  17. ^ Melanie Proctor (20 October 1995). "Pay-TV to feature films 24 hours a day". New Straits Times. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  18. ^ "Kadar Mega TV munasabah". Berita Minggu. 10 September 1995. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  19. ^ "Mahathir calls on local media to be innovative". The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB). 1 November 1995. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  20. ^ "Cutting edge for satellite broadcasts". The Business Times (retrieved from NLB). 2 November 1995. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  21. ^ Francis C. Nantha (30 November 1995). "Cableview Services in tie-up with Sony". New Straits Times. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  22. ^ Mary Zachariah (30 November 1995). "Sony plans RM5m for Mega TV". Business Times. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  23. ^ "Mega TV spreads its wings". The Malay Mail. 8 February 1996. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  24. ^ "Multi-channel cable TV for viewers in Ipoh". New Straits Times. 23 March 1996. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  25. ^ "Mega TV ke seluruh negara". Harian Metro. 24 April 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  26. ^ "Second Mega TV station to improve reception". New Straits Times. 24 April 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  27. ^ "Mega TV to offer two news bulletins". New Straits Times. 11 June 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  28. ^ G. Shanti (11 June 1996). "Local news on Mega TV soon". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  29. ^ K. Sukumaran (2 July 1996). "Mega TV service in Shangri-La Hotel". New Straits Times. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  30. ^ "Mega TV to cover major towns by end of the year". Business Times. 2 August 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  31. ^ Zainal Alam Kadir (3 August 1996). "Mega TV appoints 12 new installers". New Straits Times. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  32. ^ "Mega TV plans more customer service centres". New Straits Times. 22 August 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  33. ^ G. Shanti (2 September 1996). "More installers for Mega TV". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  34. ^ G. Shanti (4 July 1996). "Five new Mega TV channels likely by end of the year". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  35. ^ G. Shanti (21 February 1997). "In-house censors for Mega TV". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  36. ^ "Cat mascot for Mega TV". New Straits Times. 8 May 1997. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  37. ^ "Cableview gets nod for five more TV channels". New Straits Times. 5 May 1997. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  38. ^ G. Shanti (13 August 1997). "Mega treat on new channels". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  39. ^ "Mega TV dapat 125,000 pelanggan". Berita Harian. 4 October 1997. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  40. ^ "Mega TV targets 230,000 subscribers". New Straits Times. 28 March 1998. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  41. ^ "Interruption in Anwar interview 'an accident'". The Straits Times. 11 September 1998.
  42. ^ "TV3, Cableview and UAP call off MoU". New Straits Times. 7 December 1998. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  43. ^ "Mega TV confirms ending ESPN channel". New Straits Times. 2 December 1998. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  44. ^ "Mega TV to resume transmission of ESPN". New Straits Times. 9 December 1998. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  45. ^ "Mega TV stopping transmission to some areas from January". New Straits Times. 8 December 1998. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  46. ^ "Wireless transmission system for Internet". New Straits Times. 4 August 1999. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  47. ^ "New 24-hour Tamil channel on Mega TV from Oct 11". New Straits Times. 29 September 1999. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  48. ^ G. Shanti (30 September 1999). "Mega 24-hour treat for Indian viewers". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  49. ^ "Mega TV's movie channel HBO taken off the air". New Straits Times. 23 December 1999. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  50. ^ "Mega TV to cease broadcast in several areas". New Straits Times. 29 January 2000. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  51. ^ "3,000 pelanggan Mega TV bertukar ke Astro". Berita Harian. 8 November 2001. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  52. ^ "Astro for former Mega TV subscribers". Business Times. 8 November 2001. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  53. ^ "Astro-Mega TV deal". The Malay Mail. 9 November 2001. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  54. ^ "MRCB MAY SELL MEDIA BUSINESSES". The Straits Times. 1 October 2001. p. 7. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  55. ^ "M'sia launches subscription TV". The Business Times (retrieved from NLB). 2 November 1995. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  56. ^ Zainal Alam Kadir (8 July 1996). "Mega TV's five variety channels". New Straits Times. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
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