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{{Short description|American actor (1894–1944)}}
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{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}
'''Jess Lee Brooks''' (June 10, 1894 – December 13, 1944), also known as '''Jesse Brooks''', was an American actor. He is perhaps most famous for playing the [[African-American]] church preacher in the critically acclaimed motion picture ''[[Sullivan's Travels]]'', where he leads his congregation in singing "[[Go Down Moses]]".
⚫
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jess Lee Brooks
| image = Jess Lee Brooks in Jungle Siren (1942).jpg
| caption = Brooks in ''[[Jungle Siren]]'' (1942)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1894|06|9|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jefferson, Texas|Jefferson]], Texas, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1944|12|13|1894|06|10|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| resting_place = [[Evergreen Cemetery (Los Angeles)|Evergreen Cemetery]]
| other_names =
| education = {{plainlist|
*[[University of Kansas]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}
*[[Northwestern University]]}}
| occupation = Actor, singer
| years_active = 1930–1944
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
*{{marriage|Rita Katherine Simpson (née Doran)|1924|1937}}
*{{marriage|Vesterée Lee Brooks|1944}}
}}
}}
'''Jess Lee Brooks''' (June 9, 1894<ref name="uswwiidrc">"United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V4D7-QLS : Fri Feb 23 23:06:14 UTC 2024), Entry for Jess Lee Brooks, 1942.</ref><ref name="numident">"United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007", database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K4C-N3CH : 11 February 2023), Jess Lee Brooks, .</ref> – December 13, 1944), also known as '''Jesse Brooks''', was an American [[bass-baritone]] concert artist, and a film and stage actor. He played an [[African-American]] church preacher in the motion picture ''[[Sullivan's Travels]]'', where he leads his congregation in singing "[[Go Down Moses]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Klawans |first=Stuart |author-link= |date=2023 |title=Crooked, but Never Common: The Films of Preston Sturges |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWFpEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT42 |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |page= |isbn=978-0-231-55690-3}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Born in [[Jefferson, Texas]] and raised in [[Seattle]],<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-eagle/159207281/ "Jess Lee Brooks, Actor, Succumbs"]. ''California Eagle''. December 14, 1944. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/40111150/?clipping_id=159179879 "'Believe It or Not' Brooks"]. ''New Pittsburgh Courier''. April 30, 1938. p.&nbsp;22. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref> Brooks attended the [[University of Kansas]] and [[Northwestern University]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/692915279/?clipping_id=159179074 "Jess Brooks Scores in Shakespearean Role"]. ''California Eagle''. March 26, 1937. p.&nbsp;10. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-etagle/159179211/ "Jess Lee Brooks In New Role"]. ''California Eagle''. July 14, 1938. p.&nbsp;14. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref>

In March 1936, Brooks received glowing reviews for his portrayal of [[Haitians|Haitian]] monarch [[Henri Christophe]] in the [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] production, ''Black Empire'', which debuted at the [[Mayan Theater]] in Los Angeles.<ref>Cavanagh, Irene (March 18, 1936). "Negro Drama Unfolding at Mayan; [https://www.newspapers.com/image/689236360/?clipping_id=159220491 The Cast"]. ''Los Angeles Daily News''. p.&nbsp;17. Retrieved November 17, 2024. "Federal Theaters have Jess Lee Brooks portraying the commanding figure of Henri Christophe, the "Black Napoleon of Voodoo Haiti. He dominates the action, the other actors throughout. A finished actor, be is a splendid example of Negro artistry at Its best."</ref><ref>LaMar, Lawrence F. (March 20, 1936). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-eagle/159220718/ "Haitian Drama Is Stirring; Performance of Jess Lee Brooks Is Outstanding"]. ''California Eagle''.</ref><ref>Patton, Bernice (March 28). [https://www.newspapers.com/image/40024411/?clipping_id=159224655 "Jess Lee Brooks Stars in 'Black Empire'"]. ''New Pittsburgh Courier''. pt.&nbsp;II, p.&nbsp;6. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref> Two months later, the editorial page of Oklahoma's ''[[The Black Dispatch|Black Dispatch]]'' featured scholar/activist [[William Pickens]], giving the production and its star an unqualified thumbs up.
<blockquote>Look out, Broadway! Jess Brooks is a-coming. He is playing Christophe, king Henry the first of Haiti [...] The willpower of a black ruler trying to raise the estate of his ex-slave people is impressively portrayed. [...] It is no '[[The Emperor Jones|Emperor Jones]]' role; it is royally acted. Christophe was no fool and anything but a clown or a joker—and Brooks reproduces him.
<ref>Pickens, Williams (May 28, 1936). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-black-dispatch/159224244/ "Editorial Page: 'Black Empire'"]. ''[[The Black Dispatch]]''. p.&nbsp;4. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref></blockquote>
Even ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'s'' Jack Hellman, in his otherwise lukewarm assessment of both play ''and'' production, singles out Brook's contribution.
<blockquote>Heavy dramatic fare too reminiscent of "Emperor Jones," but distinguished by a superb characterization by Jess Lee Brooks, one-time concert singer. Around his portrayal of the Black Napoleon the play takes its tempo. Once he's off stage, the piece lags. Opening night audience gave him five curtain calls, and deservedly so.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Legitimate: WPA Review|author=Helm|date=May 6, 1936|work=Variety|page=60|quote=|id={{ProQuest|1475996787}}}}</ref></blockquote>

Exactly two weeks after Pickens' impassioned plug, New York's ''[[Amsterdam News]]'' reported that [[RKO Pictures]] had acquired the rights to ten short subjects scripted by [[George Randol]], the first of which, ''Samson and Delilah'', was to co-star Brooks and [[Edna Mae Harris]], with music provided by [[William Grant Still]] and the [[Hall Johnson#Career|Hall Johnson Choir]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Get Contracts for Film Work; Still Will Write Music and Randol Will Co-Direct His Screen Shorts|author=|date=June 13, 1936|work=New York Amsterdam News|page=8|quote=They are to be made with the Hall Johnson singers supplying the vocal highlights. First of the shorts will be 'Samson and Delilah,' in which Edna Harris, 'Green Pastures' siren, has been given the role of Delilah and Jess Lee Brooks, star of the federal project play 'Black Empire,' will take the part of Samson.|id={{ProQuest|226199498}}}}</ref> The film, later retitled ''That Man Samson'', would not be released until May 28, 1937,<ref>Webb, Graham (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGDwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA556 Encyclopedia of American Short Films, 1926-1959]''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p.&nbsp;556. {{ISBN|9781476681184}}.</ref> almost two months after Brooks had completed work—cast as "a singing African prince"<ref name="jbgfc">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/692915216/?clipping_id=159278621 "Jess Brooks gets film contract for Warner short"]. ''California Eagle''. March 19, 1937. p.&nbsp;13. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref>—on another musical comedy short, ''Zululand'',<ref>Levette, Harry (April 2, 1937). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-eagle/159303782/ "Behind the Scenes: High Speed Snapshots"]. ''California Eagle''. p.&nbsp;10. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref> (later retitled ''[[Little Pioneer]]''<ref>Schallert, Edwin (June 7, 1937). "Hepburn to Have 'Wild Time' Managing Baby Leopard in Film; Director-Writer Combine Formed; Menzies Returns; [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-zululand-feat/159347701/ The Pageant of the Film World"]. ''The Los Angeles Times''. p.&nbsp;16. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref>), for his new employers, [[Warner Brothers]]-[[First National Pictures|First National]];<ref name="jbgfc"/> the latter film reached the theaters about a month after ''Samson''.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-clarion-democrat/159346552/ "Garby Clarion; MON., TUES., WED. June 28, 29, 30"]. ''The Clarion Democrat''. June 24, 1937. p.&nbsp;4. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal/159346601/ "Majestic <small>(THE HOUSE OF BIG PICTURES)</small>: Starts TOMORROW!"]. ''Reno Gazette-Journal''. June 26, 1937. p.&nbsp;2. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref>

In the meantime, Brooks had long since made his screen debut portraying the police lieutenant in another George Randol project, the feature film ''[[Dark Manhattan]]'', which had its lavish, "Hollywood style" [[world premiere]] on January 19, 1937, in the heart of L.A.'s [[Central Avenue Corridor]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=PLAN WORLD PREMIERE FOR "DARK MANHATTAN": RANDOL-COOPER ALL-NEGRO FILM TO SHOW JAN. 19 LOUISE BEAVERS VISITS NEW PICTURE STUDIO|author=Levette, Harry|date=January 16, 1937|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|page=A6|quote=But now comes the first real world premiere of an all-Negro cast film made and released by Negro producers, when on January 19, 'Dark Manhattan,' authored and produced at the new Grand International Studio by Geo. Randol and Ralph Cooper, will be flashed on the screen of the Lincoln Theatre. In true Hollywood style brilliant floodlights will turn night into day in the heart of the colored district on Central Avenue, powerful searchlights will sweep the skies pointing the way to what is expected to be as elaborate a social affair as the famous ones staged at the Hollywood theatres.|id={{ProQuest|202039235}}}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
From August 30, 1924 until at least 1937, Brooks was married to fellow concert artist, Rita Katherine Simpson (née Doran).<ref>"Washington, County Marriages, 1855-2008", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2ZK-ZQD3 : Sun Mar 10 12:12:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Jess L Brooks and Katherine Doram Simpson, 30 August 1924.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/vancouver-weekly-columbian/159296395/ "License to Wed"]. ''Vanvouver Weekly Columbian''. July 22, 1950. p.&nbsp;5. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-eagle/159302420/ "Divorce Scandal Looms; Actor Jesse Lee Brooks sued by wife; 'other woman' hinted as actors' wife charges him with desertion]; [https://www.newspapers.com/image/692925133/?clipping_id=159302542 Jesse Brooks, noted actor, is sued (continued from page one)"]. ''California Eagle''. February 26, 1937. pp.&nbsp;1, 2. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</ref>

On Tuesday morning, December 13, 1924, Brooks suffered a fatal [[heart attack]] while en route to [[Paramount Studio]], where he had a supporting role in ''[[The Lost Weekend]]''. Police later found him slumped over the wheel of his parked car, at 326 North Van Ness Boulevard. ''[[Negro Press Bureau|NPB]]'' Hollywood correspondent Lawrence LaMar reported that the actor's widow, Vesterée, claimed that Brooks had had premonitions of his death for more than a week, and thus had made detailed plans, such as those regarding the undertaker to be employed and the manner of burial.<ref name="nyan obit">{{Cite news|title=Jesse Brooks, Actor, Dies of Heart Attack; Colorful Movie Career Ends Suddenly as Actor Was Enroute to Film Studio|author=Lamar, Lawrence|date=December 23, 1944|work=New York Amsterdam News|page=25|quote=Brooks at the time of his death was working in a Paramount Studio picture, 'The Lost Weekend,' starring Ray Milland. In the picture, oddly enough, Brooks played the role of a hospital patient.|id={{ProQuest|226026856}}}}</ref> His remains are interred at [[Evergreen Cemetery (Los Angeles)|Evergreen Cemetery]].<ref>"California, Los Angeles, Evergreen Memorial Park Cemetery, Deceased Card File Index, 1877-1989", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W86H-NYW2 : Sat Mar 09 14:08:02 UTC 2024), Entry for Jesse Lee Brooks, 18 Dec 1944.</ref>


==Partial filmography==
==Partial filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
⚫
* ''[[Dark Manhattan]]'' (1937)
* ''That Man Samson'' (short) (1937) – [[Samson]]
* ''[[Little Pioneer]]'' (short) (1937) – Singing African prince
* ''[[Spirit of Youth]]'' (1938)
* ''[[Spirit of Youth]]'' (1938)
* ''[[Two-Gun Man from Harlem]]'' (1938)
* ''[[Two-Gun Man from Harlem]]'' (1938)
* ''[[The Sun Never Sets (film)|The Sun Never Sets]]'' (1939)
* ''[[The Sun Never Sets (film)|The Sun Never Sets]]'' (1939)
* ''[[Am I Guilty?]]'' (1940) – Dr. Fairchild (as Jesse Brooks)<ref>{{Cite news|title=CHATTER And Some NEWS|author=Chappell, Helen F.|date=June 22, 1940|work=The Chicago Defender|page=10|quote=Tuesday night we ran out to one of the Hollywood process laboratories to see a preview of Ralph Cooper's 'Am I Guilty?' [...] The cast and members of the press sat in on the preview, and perhaps Jess Lee Brooks, who has a brief but creditable role, sums it up best in: 'The photography is the best I've seen in this type of picture.'|id={{ProQuest|492536345}}}}</ref><ref>Gevinson, Alan (1997). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bsoUXGZSxZcC&pg=PA64&dq=fairchild+%22jesse+brooks%22+%22Am+I+Guilty%22 Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960]''. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p.&nbsp;24. {{ISBN|0-520-20964-8}}.</ref>
⚫
* ''[[Four Shall Die]]'' (1940)
* ''[[Sullivan's Travels]]'' (1941) (uncredited)
* ''[[Four Shall Die]]'' (1940) – Bill Summers
* ''[[Lucky Ghost]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Sullivan's Travels]]'' (1941) – Black preacher (uncredited)
* ''[[Jungle Siren]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Lucky Ghost]]'' (1942) – Door Man
* ''[[Jungle Siren]]'' (1942) – Chief Selangi
* ''[[Broken Strings (film)|Broken Strings]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Broken Strings (film)|Broken Strings]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Drums of the Congo]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Mr. and Mrs. North (film)|Mr. & Mrs. North]]'' (1942) – Oscar
* ''[[Drums of the Congo]]'' (1942) – Chief Madjeduka
* ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (film)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'' (uncredited)
* ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (film)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'' (1943) – The Justice (uncredited)
* ''[[Girl Crazy (1943 film)|Girl Crazy]]'' (1943) – Bickets<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/23073%7C82183/Jess-Lee-Brooks/|title = Jess Lee Brooks}}</ref>
* ''[[Wilson (1944 film)|Wilson]]'' (1944) (uncredited) Simms, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]-born [[White House]] servant who welcomes ex-neighbor [[Ellen Axson Wilson|Ellen Wilson]]<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/california-eagle/159207281/ "Jess Lee Brooks, Actor, Succumbs"]. ''California Eagle''. December 14, 1944. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved November 27, 2024. "His most recent part was an important bit in the hit picture, 'Wilson.'"</ref><ref>Hardwick, Leon H. (December 23, 1944). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-afro-american/159862819/ "Jess Brooks, Veteran Hollywood Star, Dies of Heart Attack; Was Working on 'Lost Weekend,' Hollywood Pic; Had Role in 'Wilson'"]. ''The Baltimore Afro-American''. p.&nbsp;8. Retrieved November 27, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Obituaries: Jess Lee Brooks|author=|date=December 20, 1944|work=Variety|page=43|quote=Jess Lee Brooks, 50, Negro stage and screen player, died Dec. 13 when stricken with a heart attack while driving to Paramount studio where he had a character role in 'The Lost Weekend.' [...] His recent screen appearances were in 'Sullivan's Travels' and 'Wilson.'|id={{ProQuest|1285872620}}}}</ref><ref>Curioso, Jorge (Apr 16, 2008). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0CRAavN4EI "Go Down Moses - Sullivan's Travels (1941)"]. YouTube. Retrieved November 27, 2024. "Jess Lee Brooks performing the classic spiritual. From the 1941 Preston Sturges movie "Sullivan's Travels", starring Joel McCrea and Veronica Lake."</ref><ref>marciamarciamarcie (November 7, 2009). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C28W9_P8spE&t=592s "WlsnE"]. YouTube. Retrieved November 27, 2024.</ref>
* ''[[Son of Dracula (1943 film)|Son of Dracula]]'' (1943) (uncredited) – Steven
* ''[[The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) – Hospital Patient (uncredited)<ref name="nyan obit"/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UugRmchPXXYC&q=%22lost+Weekend%22+%22hospital+patient%22+%22Jess+Lee+Brooks%22 "Rolland Jones Takes Over Lee Brooks Role"]. ''Daily Variety''. December 14, 1944. p.&nbsp;3. Retrieved November 17, 2024.</ref>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{imdb name|0112057}}
* {{IMDb name|0112057}}
* [https://historymsu.wordpress.com/2017/05/17/jess-lee-brooks-a-black-western-actor-in-the-narrative-of-the-black-west/ Jess Lee Brooks: A Black Western Actor in the Narrative of the American West]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0CRAavN4EI Brooks—as preacher preparing to welcome day-tripping prisoners, performing "Go Down Moses" with his congregation—in ''Sullivan's Travels'' (1941)] at [[YouTube]]

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVZ7k8flGKA&t=101s Brooks—as justice of the peace in all-black production number, performing "Ice Cold Katy" with Hattie McDaniel, Willie Best et al—in ''Thank Your Lucky Stars'' (1943)] at YouTube


{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male singers]]
[[Category:American male actors]]
[[Category:American male actors]]


{{US-film-actor-1890s-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:41, 10 December 2024

Jess Lee Brooks
Brooks in Jungle Siren (1942)
Born(1894-06-09)June 9, 1894
Jefferson, Texas, U.S.
DiedDecember 13, 1944(1944-12-13) (aged 50)
Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeEvergreen Cemetery
Education
Occupation(s)Actor, singer
Years active1930–1944
Spouses
Rita Katherine Simpson (née Doran)
​
​
(m. 1924⁠–⁠1937)​
Vesterée Lee Brooks
​
(m. 1944)​

Jess Lee Brooks (June 9, 1894[1][2] – December 13, 1944), also known as Jesse Brooks, was an American bass-baritone concert artist, and a film and stage actor. He played an African-American church preacher in the motion picture Sullivan's Travels, where he leads his congregation in singing "Go Down Moses".[3]

Early life and career

[edit]

Born in Jefferson, Texas and raised in Seattle,[4][5] Brooks attended the University of Kansas and Northwestern University.[6][7]

In March 1936, Brooks received glowing reviews for his portrayal of Haitian monarch Henri Christophe in the WPA production, Black Empire, which debuted at the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles.[8][9][10] Two months later, the editorial page of Oklahoma's Black Dispatch featured scholar/activist William Pickens, giving the production and its star an unqualified thumbs up.

Look out, Broadway! Jess Brooks is a-coming. He is playing Christophe, king Henry the first of Haiti [...] The willpower of a black ruler trying to raise the estate of his ex-slave people is impressively portrayed. [...] It is no 'Emperor Jones' role; it is royally acted. Christophe was no fool and anything but a clown or a joker—and Brooks reproduces him. [11]

Even Variety's Jack Hellman, in his otherwise lukewarm assessment of both play and production, singles out Brook's contribution.

Heavy dramatic fare too reminiscent of "Emperor Jones," but distinguished by a superb characterization by Jess Lee Brooks, one-time concert singer. Around his portrayal of the Black Napoleon the play takes its tempo. Once he's off stage, the piece lags. Opening night audience gave him five curtain calls, and deservedly so.[12]

Exactly two weeks after Pickens' impassioned plug, New York's Amsterdam News reported that RKO Pictures had acquired the rights to ten short subjects scripted by George Randol, the first of which, Samson and Delilah, was to co-star Brooks and Edna Mae Harris, with music provided by William Grant Still and the Hall Johnson Choir.[13] The film, later retitled That Man Samson, would not be released until May 28, 1937,[14] almost two months after Brooks had completed work—cast as "a singing African prince"[15]—on another musical comedy short, Zululand,[16] (later retitled Little Pioneer[17]), for his new employers, Warner Brothers-First National;[15] the latter film reached the theaters about a month after Samson.[18][19]

In the meantime, Brooks had long since made his screen debut portraying the police lieutenant in another George Randol project, the feature film Dark Manhattan, which had its lavish, "Hollywood style" world premiere on January 19, 1937, in the heart of L.A.'s Central Avenue Corridor.[20]

Personal life and death

[edit]

From August 30, 1924 until at least 1937, Brooks was married to fellow concert artist, Rita Katherine Simpson (née Doran).[21][22][23]

On Tuesday morning, December 13, 1924, Brooks suffered a fatal heart attack while en route to Paramount Studio, where he had a supporting role in The Lost Weekend. Police later found him slumped over the wheel of his parked car, at 326 North Van Ness Boulevard. NPB Hollywood correspondent Lawrence LaMar reported that the actor's widow, Vesterée, claimed that Brooks had had premonitions of his death for more than a week, and thus had made detailed plans, such as those regarding the undertaker to be employed and the manner of burial.[24] His remains are interred at Evergreen Cemetery.[25]

Partial filmography

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V4D7-QLS : Fri Feb 23 23:06:14 UTC 2024), Entry for Jess Lee Brooks, 1942.
  2. ^ "United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007", database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K4C-N3CH : 11 February 2023), Jess Lee Brooks, .
  3. ^ Klawans, Stuart (2023). Crooked, but Never Common: The Films of Preston Sturges. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-55690-3.
  4. ^ "Jess Lee Brooks, Actor, Succumbs". California Eagle. December 14, 1944. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  5. ^ "'Believe It or Not' Brooks". New Pittsburgh Courier. April 30, 1938. p. 22. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  6. ^ "Jess Brooks Scores in Shakespearean Role". California Eagle. March 26, 1937. p. 10. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  7. ^ "Jess Lee Brooks In New Role". California Eagle. July 14, 1938. p. 14. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  8. ^ Cavanagh, Irene (March 18, 1936). "Negro Drama Unfolding at Mayan; The Cast". Los Angeles Daily News. p. 17. Retrieved November 17, 2024. "Federal Theaters have Jess Lee Brooks portraying the commanding figure of Henri Christophe, the "Black Napoleon of Voodoo Haiti. He dominates the action, the other actors throughout. A finished actor, be is a splendid example of Negro artistry at Its best."
  9. ^ LaMar, Lawrence F. (March 20, 1936). "Haitian Drama Is Stirring; Performance of Jess Lee Brooks Is Outstanding". California Eagle.
  10. ^ Patton, Bernice (March 28). "Jess Lee Brooks Stars in 'Black Empire'". New Pittsburgh Courier. pt. II, p. 6. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  11. ^ Pickens, Williams (May 28, 1936). "Editorial Page: 'Black Empire'". The Black Dispatch. p. 4. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  12. ^ Helm (May 6, 1936). "Legitimate: WPA Review". Variety. p. 60. ProQuest 1475996787.
  13. ^ "Get Contracts for Film Work; Still Will Write Music and Randol Will Co-Direct His Screen Shorts". New York Amsterdam News. June 13, 1936. p. 8. ProQuest 226199498. They are to be made with the Hall Johnson singers supplying the vocal highlights. First of the shorts will be 'Samson and Delilah,' in which Edna Harris, 'Green Pastures' siren, has been given the role of Delilah and Jess Lee Brooks, star of the federal project play 'Black Empire,' will take the part of Samson.
  14. ^ Webb, Graham (2020). Encyclopedia of American Short Films, 1926-1959. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 556. ISBN 9781476681184.
  15. ^ a b "Jess Brooks gets film contract for Warner short". California Eagle. March 19, 1937. p. 13. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  16. ^ Levette, Harry (April 2, 1937). "Behind the Scenes: High Speed Snapshots". California Eagle. p. 10. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  17. ^ Schallert, Edwin (June 7, 1937). "Hepburn to Have 'Wild Time' Managing Baby Leopard in Film; Director-Writer Combine Formed; Menzies Returns; The Pageant of the Film World". The Los Angeles Times. p. 16. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  18. ^ "Garby Clarion; MON., TUES., WED. June 28, 29, 30". The Clarion Democrat. June 24, 1937. p. 4. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  19. ^ "Majestic (THE HOUSE OF BIG PICTURES): Starts TOMORROW!". Reno Gazette-Journal. June 26, 1937. p. 2. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  20. ^ Levette, Harry (January 16, 1937). "PLAN WORLD PREMIERE FOR "DARK MANHATTAN": RANDOL-COOPER ALL-NEGRO FILM TO SHOW JAN. 19 LOUISE BEAVERS VISITS NEW PICTURE STUDIO". The Pittsburgh Courier. p. A6. ProQuest 202039235. But now comes the first real world premiere of an all-Negro cast film made and released by Negro producers, when on January 19, 'Dark Manhattan,' authored and produced at the new Grand International Studio by Geo. Randol and Ralph Cooper, will be flashed on the screen of the Lincoln Theatre. In true Hollywood style brilliant floodlights will turn night into day in the heart of the colored district on Central Avenue, powerful searchlights will sweep the skies pointing the way to what is expected to be as elaborate a social affair as the famous ones staged at the Hollywood theatres.
  21. ^ "Washington, County Marriages, 1855-2008", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2ZK-ZQD3 : Sun Mar 10 12:12:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Jess L Brooks and Katherine Doram Simpson, 30 August 1924.
  22. ^ "License to Wed". Vanvouver Weekly Columbian. July 22, 1950. p. 5. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  23. ^ "Divorce Scandal Looms; Actor Jesse Lee Brooks sued by wife; 'other woman' hinted as actors' wife charges him with desertion; Jesse Brooks, noted actor, is sued (continued from page one)". California Eagle. February 26, 1937. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  24. ^ a b Lamar, Lawrence (December 23, 1944). "Jesse Brooks, Actor, Dies of Heart Attack; Colorful Movie Career Ends Suddenly as Actor Was Enroute to Film Studio". New York Amsterdam News. p. 25. ProQuest 226026856. Brooks at the time of his death was working in a Paramount Studio picture, 'The Lost Weekend,' starring Ray Milland. In the picture, oddly enough, Brooks played the role of a hospital patient.
  25. ^ "California, Los Angeles, Evergreen Memorial Park Cemetery, Deceased Card File Index, 1877-1989", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W86H-NYW2 : Sat Mar 09 14:08:02 UTC 2024), Entry for Jesse Lee Brooks, 18 Dec 1944.
  26. ^ Chappell, Helen F. (June 22, 1940). "CHATTER And Some NEWS". The Chicago Defender. p. 10. ProQuest 492536345. Tuesday night we ran out to one of the Hollywood process laboratories to see a preview of Ralph Cooper's 'Am I Guilty?' [...] The cast and members of the press sat in on the preview, and perhaps Jess Lee Brooks, who has a brief but creditable role, sums it up best in: 'The photography is the best I've seen in this type of picture.'
  27. ^ Gevinson, Alan (1997). Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-520-20964-8.
  28. ^ "Jess Lee Brooks".
  29. ^ "Jess Lee Brooks, Actor, Succumbs". California Eagle. December 14, 1944. p. 1. Retrieved November 27, 2024. "His most recent part was an important bit in the hit picture, 'Wilson.'"
  30. ^ Hardwick, Leon H. (December 23, 1944). "Jess Brooks, Veteran Hollywood Star, Dies of Heart Attack; Was Working on 'Lost Weekend,' Hollywood Pic; Had Role in 'Wilson'". The Baltimore Afro-American. p. 8. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
  31. ^ "Obituaries: Jess Lee Brooks". Variety. December 20, 1944. p. 43. ProQuest 1285872620. Jess Lee Brooks, 50, Negro stage and screen player, died Dec. 13 when stricken with a heart attack while driving to Paramount studio where he had a character role in 'The Lost Weekend.' [...] His recent screen appearances were in 'Sullivan's Travels' and 'Wilson.'
  32. ^ Curioso, Jorge (Apr 16, 2008). "Go Down Moses - Sullivan's Travels (1941)". YouTube. Retrieved November 27, 2024. "Jess Lee Brooks performing the classic spiritual. From the 1941 Preston Sturges movie "Sullivan's Travels", starring Joel McCrea and Veronica Lake."
  33. ^ marciamarciamarcie (November 7, 2009). "WlsnE". YouTube. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
  34. ^ "Rolland Jones Takes Over Lee Brooks Role". Daily Variety. December 14, 1944. p. 3. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
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