Korean swordsmanship: Difference between revisions
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''Gumdo'' had its most significant contributions to future swordsmen from the Silla (57 B.C.- 935 A.D.) book Bon Kuk Gum Bup (『本国剣法』). This book forms the basis for two-handed sword techniques and modern Gumdo. The pratice of Gumdo declines during the end of the [[Koryo]] period and beginning of the [[Chosun]] period. Japan begins a policy of eradication |
''Gumdo'' had its most significant contributions to future swordsmen from the Silla (57 B.C.- 935 A.D.) book Bon Kuk Gum Bup (『本国剣法』). This book forms the basis for two-handed sword techniques and modern Gumdo. The pratice of Gumdo declines during the end of the [[Koryo]] period and beginning of the [[Chosun]] period. In 1895, the Japanese murder the [[Empress Myeongseong|Korean Empress]] which were a sign of things to come. Around this time Japan begins a policy of eradication of Korean culture. In 1910 the Japanese begin modifying Korean heritage by starting the [[Editing Agency of Korean History]] and outlawing Korean martial arts which changes Gumdo and merges it with [[kendo]]. |
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Japanese Kendo first came to Korea in 1896 through the Dai Nippon Butokukai (DNBK), Choson-bu (Korean Branch)under NAKAMURA Tokichi. In April, 1895 the Dai Nippon Butokukai, or “All Japan Martial Virtue Society” had been established by civilian enthusiasts of various traditional Japanese arts such as Archery, Ju-jutsu and Ken-jutsu. The establishment of the Korean branch of this organization was the inevitable result of political and cultural pressures of the time. With the occupation of Korea by Japan in 1910, Kendo increasingly merged and surplanted traditional Korean sword work. This development was strengthened by the acceptance of Kendo in the Korean educational system in 1931 as well as a series of high-profile competitions between Korean and Japanese players during the 1930-s and 1940-s. |
Japanese Kendo first came to Korea in 1896 through the Dai Nippon Butokukai (DNBK), Choson-bu (Korean Branch)under NAKAMURA Tokichi. In April, 1895 the Dai Nippon Butokukai, or “All Japan Martial Virtue Society” had been established by civilian enthusiasts of various traditional Japanese arts such as Archery, Ju-jutsu and Ken-jutsu. The establishment of the Korean branch of this organization was the inevitable result of political and cultural pressures of the time. With the occupation of Korea by Japan in 1910, Kendo increasingly merged and surplanted traditional Korean sword work. This development was strengthened by the acceptance of Kendo in the Korean educational system in 1931 as well as a series of high-profile competitions between Korean and Japanese players during the 1930-s and 1940-s. |
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Revision as of 01:55, 5 September 2008
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| Korean swordsmanship | |
|---|---|
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 검도 |
| Hanja | 劍道 |
The technique of Korean swordsmanship is relatively obscure to the West, but for martial arts masters of the east has regained its reputation from modern swordsmen and martial arts masters.
History
Korean swords have a long history, comparable to martial histories in other East Asian countries, but little documentation remains and thus not much is known of the techniques and practice of Gum Do or "the way of the sword"
Swordsmen during the Silla (57 B.C.- 935 A.D.) dynasty documented in the book Bon Kuk Gum Bup (『本国剣法』) various battlefield techniques and two handed sword fighting styles. According to the Army Account of Military Arts and Science (Hanzi: 武備志; Pinyin: Wǔ Bèi Zhì), a Ming dynasty strategy book written in 1629 by Mao Yuanyi, Korean fencing (朝鮮勢法; Cháoxiǎn shìfǎ) was a martial art that had been received into China from Korea at a time when Chinese practice had fallen to a low ebb. In later years, Mao reports that the sword practice was reintroduced to Korea at a time when sword work in that country had likewise been neglected. Both Bon Kuk Gom Bop and Chosun Se Bup, are found in Mao's encyclopedic work. Today, there are only two remaining documents that refer to ancient Korean martial arts[1].
These ancient arts are not popularly considered to be ancestors of kumdo, though some kumdo scholars, including those at the Korea Kumdo Association, believe ancient Korean fencing as outlined in a Silla dynasty book known as Bon Kuk Gum Bup (本國劍法; Korean Sword Method) was the basis of all modern two-handed sword techniques. This belief is not commonly held outside Korea.
Gom Bop
Gumdo
Gumdo had its most significant contributions to future swordsmen from the Silla (57 B.C.- 935 A.D.) book Bon Kuk Gum Bup (『本国剣法』). This book forms the basis for two-handed sword techniques and modern Gumdo. The pratice of Gumdo declines during the end of the Koryo period and beginning of the Chosun period. In 1895, the Japanese murder the Korean Empress which were a sign of things to come. Around this time Japan begins a policy of eradication of Korean culture. In 1910 the Japanese begin modifying Korean heritage by starting the Editing Agency of Korean History and outlawing Korean martial arts which changes Gumdo and merges it with kendo.
Japanese Kendo first came to Korea in 1896 through the Dai Nippon Butokukai (DNBK), Choson-bu (Korean Branch)under NAKAMURA Tokichi. In April, 1895 the Dai Nippon Butokukai, or “All Japan Martial Virtue Society” had been established by civilian enthusiasts of various traditional Japanese arts such as Archery, Ju-jutsu and Ken-jutsu. The establishment of the Korean branch of this organization was the inevitable result of political and cultural pressures of the time. With the occupation of Korea by Japan in 1910, Kendo increasingly merged and surplanted traditional Korean sword work. This development was strengthened by the acceptance of Kendo in the Korean educational system in 1931 as well as a series of high-profile competitions between Korean and Japanese players during the 1930-s and 1940-s.
Following the Second World War, the Tae Han Kum SA Association, predecessor to the Tae Han Kumdohoe (The Korea Kumdo Association) was organized on May 20, 1948. At that time, some 100 masters, including SUH Ching Hac, KIM Yong Dal, HO Ik Yong, Chung Tae Min, Lee Chung Ku, Do Ho Mun, Kang Nak-won, Pak Chong-kyu and KIM Yong-bae met on the grounds of the Changdok Palace and formed the Taehan Kumsa Association. In 1953, the Korean Kumdo Association was founded by Chong Hac Suh in cooperation with Kendo practitioners both in Korea and Japan. Later, Suh would relocate to Bettendorf, Iowa in the United States and establish the World Kumdo Association. After WWII, Gumdo and Kendo were able to diverge again.
The Korea Kumdo Association (KKA) is the de facto governing organization for kumdo in Korea. The art promoted by them, Daehan Kumdo (大韓劍道), had become, after the Japanese occupation and outlaw of Korean martial arts, virtually identical to kendo. Some noted changes were made to reflect Korean cultural influences and methodology, and is the kumdo which Koreans normally refer to. The KKA has established overseas branches in other countries and have setup kumdo dojangs or schools. Unlike most of the FIK affiliates, including Japan, they wish to see kumdo/kendo become an Olympic sport as with Judo and Taekwondo.
The World Kumdo Association (WKA) - founded around 2001 as a merger of thirteen smaller, rival kumdo organizations, they are critical of the KKA and seek to become a rival to the FIK by having kumdo included in the Olympic games with them as the recognized governing body ahead of the FIK. They are proponents of changes to the format and scoring system, advocating the use of electric scoring as with fencing.
Haedong Gumdo (海東劍道 "Korean way of the sword") is a term introduced in 1982 and is used for several Korean martial art organizations that use swords. Kim Jeong-ho had represented that in 1963 he began training in Korean sword under a monk named Jang Park San. Based on this premise, Kim developed the World Hae Dong Kumdo Association. During legal proceedings in the 1990-s it was revealed that Hae Dong Kumdo is was developed solely by Kim’s own design integrating Gi Cheon esoteric practices and Shin Kumdo, a sword art resulting from a nocturnal inspiration to a monk named Kim Chang Sik.[citation needed] Practitioners of Haidong Gumdo engage in the practice of basic techqniues (kibon), forms (geompeob or pumsae), step sparring (yaksuk daeryun), sparring (hada), energy building exercises (qi gong) and cutting practice (begi).
Olympic fencing
Lim Mi-Kyung is one of the veterans of contemporary swordsmanship in Korea, and has represented the country at numerous competitions.
The current Korean fencing champions are known for being intense fighters, mentally tough, and with good strength according to their competitors.
Amongst other sabre and foil experts, increasingly dominated by the new vigorous women blades are:
- Seo Mi-jung
- Lee Gyu-young
- Lee Shin-mi
See also
- List of Korea-related topics
- Korean sword
- Gom Bop
- Kumdo
- Haedong Gumdo
- Gummu (Korean sword dance)
- Chung Suk Kuhapdo (Korean Iaido)