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| home_town = [[Toledo, Ohio]]
| home_town = [[Toledo, Ohio]]
| title = Former Chancellor, [[District of Columbia Public Schools]]
| title = Former Chancellor, [[District of Columbia Public Schools]]
| deputy = Kaya Henderson
| salary =
| networth =
| term =
| term =
| predecessor = Superintendent Clifford Janey
| predecessor = Superintendent Clifford Janey
| successor = Kaya Henderson
| successor = Kaya Henderson
| party =[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
| party =
| boards =
| boards =
| religion =
| religion =
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|partner=[[Kevin Johnson]] <small>(engaged)</small><ref name="lessons"/>
|partner=[[Kevin Johnson]] <small>(engaged)</small><ref name="lessons"/>
| children = Two daughters<ref name="tackles"/>
| children = Two daughters<ref name="tackles"/>
| relatives =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Michelle A. Rhee''' ([[Korean language|Korean]] [[Hangul]]: 이양희,<ref name="chosun_ilbo"/> [[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: ''I Yang-hui'', [[McCune-Reischauer|M-R]]: ''Yi Yanghŭi'', born December 25, 1969) is public figure involved in the American education system and is best known as the former chancellor of the [[District of Columbia Public Schools]] system of [[Washington, D.C.]]. She also founded [[The New Teacher Project]] (TNTP), which in ten years has recruited 10,000 teachers in twenty states. Rhee is the founder and CEO of [[StudentsFirst]], a [[501(c)(4)]] political advocacy organization which works on education reform issues.
'''Michelle A. Rhee''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 이양희;<ref name="chosun_ilbo"/>''I Yang-hui'', born December 25, 1969) is public figure involved in the American education system. She was [[Chancellor#Educational_usage|chancellor]] of the [[Washington, D.C.]] [[District of Columbia Public Schools|public schools]] from 2007 to 2010. In late 2010, she founded Rhee is the founder and CEO of [[StudentsFirst]], a [[non-profit]], [[tax-exempt]] political advocacy organization which works on education reform issues.


==Early life, education, and personal life==
==Early life, education, and personal life==

Revision as of 13:01, 27 May 2011

Michelle A. Rhee
Rhee in February 2008
Born (1969-12-25) December 25, 1969 (age 54)
Ann Arbor, Michigan[1]
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materCornell University (B.A.)
Harvard University (M.P.P.)
TitleFormer Chancellor, District of Columbia Public Schools
PredecessorSuperintendent Clifford Janey
SuccessorKaya Henderson
Political partyDemocrat
SpouseKevin Huffman (div. 2007)
PartnerKevin Johnson (engaged)[2]
ChildrenTwo daughters[3]

Michelle A. Rhee (Korean: 이양희;[4]I Yang-hui, born December 25, 1969) is public figure involved in the American education system. She was chancellor of the Washington, D.C. public schools from 2007 to 2010. In late 2010, she founded Rhee is the founder and CEO of StudentsFirst, a non-profit, tax-exempt political advocacy organization which works on education reform issues.

Early life, education, and personal life

Rhee was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the second of three children of Shang Rhee, a physician, and Inza Rhee, a clothing store manager who had immigrated to the United States from South Korea in the 1960s.[5] She was raised in the Toledo, Ohio metropolitan area, where she graduated from Maumee Valley Country Day School in 1988. She graduated from Cornell University in 1992 with a B.A. in government and later earned a Master of Public Policy degree from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government Rhee was married to Teach for America vice president Kevin Huffman; the couple had two daughters, then divorced in 2007.[6][7] The children attended D.C. public schools during Rhee's tenure as chancellor.[8] As of March 2010, Rhee was engaged to Kevin Johnson, mayor of Sacramento, California and former NBA player.[9]

Teaching

After college, Rhee worked for three years as a teacher in Baltimore, Maryland as a recruit of the Teach For America training program.[10] She told The New York Times that her students' national standardized test scores began at 13th percentile, and within two years, the class was at grade level, with some students performing at the 90th percentile.[10] Earlier she had said on her resume that 90 percent of her students had attained scores at the 90th percentile.[11] In 2010, a retired math teacher unearthed test score data on Rhee's Baltimore school which indicated that her students' scores went up, but not by that much.[11] Rhee responded that her principal at the time had informed her of the gains but the results may not have been the official state tests that were preserved.[11]

New Teacher Project

In 1997, Rhee founded the New Teacher Project, a non-profit which has trained and supplied urban school districts with 23,000 mid-career professionals wanting to become classroom teachers.[10] The Project has mainly served New York, Chicago, Miami and Philadelphia.[10]

Chancellor of D.C. Public Schools

In June 2007, newly-elected D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty chose Rhee to head the D.C. public schools as its chancellor, a new position he created to replace the superintendent superintendent of the school system. Rhee initially had rejected the job offer, but accepted after being promised significant decision-making authority and strong mayoral backing for her proposed changes.[12][13][14][15][16] New York City Public Schools Chancellor Joel Klein highly recommended her to Mayor Fenty.[8]

After becoming chancellor of the D.C. Public Schools, Rhee aggressively sought to reform a school system whose students historically had below-average scores on standardized tests. At the beginning of her tenure, only 8% of eighth graders were at grade level in mathematics,[17] despite the fact that the D.C. schools had the third highest spending per student in the US.[18] Rhee sought to remove teachers and principals whom she considered to be incompetent.

In February 2008, Rhee announced that 24 schools would close due to excess capacity.[19] At the time, District public schools had 302 square feet (28.1 m2) of space per student, nearly twice the average nationwide.[19] Eighty percent of District schools were under-enrolled.[20] Schools with the greatest decreases in enrollment and the most excess space were most likely to be closed.[19] Also announced was a plan to add early-childhood programs, gifted and talented programs, art and music classes, and special education services to District schools.[19] Council members wanted more information about how the decisions had been made.[19] The list of schools to be closed was later revised so that 21 schools would be closed instead.[20]

In 2008, she also sought to renegotiate how the school system compensates teachers. Rhee offered teachers the choice of: being paid up to $140,000 based on what she termed "student achievement"[vague] by losing tenure or earning much smaller pay raises by retaining tenure. Teachers and the teachers union rejected the proposal, contesting that some form of tenure was necessary to protect against arbitrary, political, or wrongful termination of employment.[21]

In 2010, Rhee and the unions agreed on a new contract that offered 20% pay raises and bonuses of $20,000 to $30,000 for "strong student achievement," in exchange for weakened teachers' seniority protections and the end of teacher tenure for one year. Under this new agreement, Rhee fired 241 teachers, the vast majority of whom received poor evaluations, and put 737 additional school employees on notice.[22] Of the dismissed teachers, 76 were dismissed in accordance with the No Child Left Behind Act because they lacked proper teaching certification.[23] 26 other teachers were dismissed because their students had continually received low scores on the District of Columbia Comprehensive Assessment System.[23] Teachers were observed by administrators and outside professionals for five 30-minute sessions during the year, and the teachers' performance was rated during those sessions.[23] Teachers who received fewer than 175 out of 400 points were deemed ineffective and were dismissed.[23] Teachers who received between 175 and 249 points were deemed minimally effective and given a one-year warning to improve their performance.[23]

Success and Criticisms

Michelle Rhee remains a highly controversial figure in the field of education due to her aggressive style of reform and what some believe to be anti-union sentiments. Another common criticism is against her claim that she dramatically increased students' average scores from the 13th percentile to the 90th, a claim that could not be verified during her confirmation process for D.C. Schools Chancellor, as the relevant Baltimore records could not be located.[24][25]

Rhee's actions have earned her applause from school reformers nationwide, as well as the scorn of teacher unions and community activists. Her supporters claim that under Rhee's chancellorship, student achievement in the D.C. Public Schools greatly improved. Since 2007, secondary schools have improved their standardized test pass rates by 14% in reading and 17% in math, while elementary school pass rates have improved 6% in reading and 15% in math. System-wide high school graduation rates also improved by 3%, up to 72% in 2009.[26] By 2010, D.C. Comprehensive Assessment System reading pass rates had increased by 14 percentage points, and math pass rates had increased by 17 percentage points. Enrollment decreased by one percent, a slower decline than prior years.[26] However, significant achievement gaps remained between students in high-performing and low-performing school districts, and between white and African American students. Education expert Diane Ravitch questioned the legitimacy of Rhee's results, alleging that "cheating, teaching to bad tests, institutionalized fraud, dumbing down of tests, and a narrowed curriculum" were the true outcomes of Rhee's tenure in D.C. schools.[27] Rhee's administration is now under investigation for fraudulently increasing student scores by erasing wrong answers and filling in correct ones.[28]

Rhee's critics said that Rhee's speed left them without input on the changes.[29] The District Council also criticized Rhee for being unresponsive to Council members' requests for information about school operations.[29] From 2008 to 2010, Rhee's approval ratings decreased from 59% to 43%. 28% of African Americans supported Rhee in 2010, down from 50% in 2008.[29]

Rhee fired several administrators and school principals, including Marta Guzman, the principal of the high-performing Oyster-Adams Bilingual Elementary School, which Rhee's own children attended.[30] Some parents alleged that the firing process was neither transparent nor fair. According to the Washington Post, "the departure has stunned many Oyster-Adams parents who wondered why, in a city filled with under-performing public schools, Rhee would sack a principal who has presided for the past five years over one of its few success stories. The move has also heightened ethnic and class tensions within the school's diverse community. Eduardo Barada, co-chairman of the Oyster-Adams Community Council, the school's PTA, said Guzman was toppled by a cadre of dissatisfied and largely affluent Anglo parents with the ear of a woman who was both a fellow parent and the chancellor."[30] Rhee also fired a principal she had hired seven weeks before in Shepherd Elementary—another high-performing school in the upper Northwest neighborhood.[31]

Detractors also complained about Rhee's closing of several D.C. schools without holding public hearings,[32] not reporting complete budget figures at recent D.C. council hearings,[32] excluding parents from involvement (GAO report),[33] hiring former supporters to conduct an evaluation of her performance in a show of conflict of interest,[34] opposing student protests of her security policies,[35] managing using authoritarian principles, and spending considerable time before the national media (Time, PBS, lecture circuit) instead of visiting schools.[32]

Rhee at a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration awards ceremony, June 2008

Rhee and supporters responded that personnel decisions are based on the judgment of the chancellor and that closures and restructuring are necessary to effect reforms.[36][37]

Referring to the 266 teachers she laid off, Rhee told a national business magazine: "I got rid of teachers who had hit children, who had had sex with children, who had missed 78 days of school. Why wouldn't we take those things into consideration?" At the time, she did not provide evidence of her accusations nor comment when asked why these accused teachers were allowed to be in the district prior to the dismissals. Union leadership asked Rhee to apologize to the 266 teachers for making remarks that were without basis in facts.[38] Rhee refused to apologize, but clarified that only one teacher was dismissed due to sexual abuse allegations.[39]

Wikinews has related news:

The Washington DC 2010 Mayoral Election was interpreted by political experts as a referendum on Rhee's unpopular tenure as school chancellor.[40] Following the defeat of incumbent mayor Adrian Fenty in the 2010 Democratic primary election, Rhee called the election results "devastating for the schoolchildren of Washington, D.C."[17] Rhee encouraged education reformers to learn from the election and "be more aggressive and more adamant."[17] Fenty announced on October 13, 2010 that Rhee had resigned, Rhee soon launched a personal website, a Twitter account, and a Facebook page.[41]

Testing Scandal

Investigations have questioned some of Rhee's accomplishments in increasing test scores in DC schools.[42] In 2008 the Office of the State Superintendent of Education discovered that 103 schools in DC were flagged for suspiciously high wrong-to-right answer changes. The number of schools in DC with abnormal rates of wrong-to-right erasures is more than half of all schools and includes eight of the 10 campuses where Rhee handed out TEAM awards "to recognize, reward and retain high-performing educators and support staff." An investigation by USA Today discovered that at one school in particular, Noyes Elementary, an anomalous number of erasures on student standardized tests were detected by CTB/McGraw-Hill during Rhee's tenure and that Rhee's office was informed of this incident.[43] Erasures consistently changed an incorrect answer to a correct answer. Statisticians contacted by USA Today claimed that "the odds are better for winning the Powerball grand prize than having that many erasures by chance." The radical testing gains made by the school as well as the anomalous erasures raised suspicions that the answer sheets were tampered with after being collected from students.

The gains in test scores made at Noyes Elementary School earned the school recognition as a Blue Ribbon School. Rhee promoted the school as a model for her education reform movement. The article noted that Noyes was only one of 96 schools in DC flagged by third parties for abnormally high wrong-to-right changes in answers since 2008. At Phoebe Hearst Elementary, Winston Education Campus, and Aiton Elementary, 85% or more of classrooms were identified as having high erasure rates in 2008. At four other schools, the percentage of classrooms in that category ranged from 17% to 58%. The total number of schools in DC with abnormal rates of wrong-to-right erasures is more than half of all schools. The article claimed that among the 96 schools that were flagged for wrong-to-right erasures were eight of the 10 campuses where Rhee handed out TEAM awards "to recognize, reward and retain high-performing educators and support staff." Noyes was one of several schools Rhee awarded after having been flagged for abnormally high erasures.

In return for increased test scores in DC schools, Rhee gave performance awards and increased compensation to the teachers and administrators. According to the article, "Rhee bestowed more than $1.5 million in bonuses on principals, teachers and support staff on the basis of big jumps in 2007 and 2008 test scores."

The USA Today report commented that experts said such aberrations should trigger investigations. No investigations occurred in D.C. in 2008. In 2009 a limited investigation was conducted on behalf of OSSE that examined whether protocols were adhered to at eight schools, but never examined whether administrators or teachers may have tampered with the test results. Mary Lord, a state board member, was critical of the decision not to investigate the 2008 scores. "If you are going to add all this weight" to testing, "hanging the principals' reputations ... and the teachers' pay on it, you have to make sure it is totally accurate," Lord says. Current acting chancellor, Kaya Henderson, said that all suspicious scores had been investigated. Henderson was Rhee's deputy chancellor.

Rhee defended herself on the Tavis Smiley Show. She claimed an unnamed "third party" investigated any suspicious scores. Rhee did not explain the high rate of erasures on tests, but called the USA Today article an attack on school reform. She said, "It isn’t surprising that the enemies of school reform once again are trying to argue that the Earth is flat and that there is no way test scores could have improved .... unless someone cheated."[44] Since then she told Washington Post report Jay Mathews that her previous remarks were "stupid" and she is glad her successor, Acting Chancellor Kaya Henderson, ordered a new investigation.[45]

School choice and school vouchers

After the third 2008 presidential debate, in which John McCain and Barack Obama disagreed on whether Michelle Rhee supported school vouchers, Rhee's office released a statement that said, "While Chancellor Rhee hasn’t taken a formal position on vouchers, she disagrees with the notion that vouchers are the remedy for repairing the city’s school system."[46] However, In an op-ed published on January 11, 2011, Rhee endorsed vouchers when she supported, "giving poor families access to publicly funded scholarships to attend private schools."[47]

After DC Schools

On December 6, 2010, Ms. Rhee went on the Oprah Winfrey show to announce that she has declined all job offers resulting from her high profile work as D.C. Chancellor.[48] Ms. Rhee also announced her new organization, Students First, and her desire to have one million members and raise one billion dollars in order to catalyze education reform in the United States. In 2010-2011, she served on the transition team of Florida Republican Governor Rick Scott.[49]

Since her resignation from DC public schools, Michelle Rhee has focused on her organization, StudentsFirst. Rhee been a visible figure in the national media, appearing on television shows, radio programs, and the protagonist in the film Waiting for Superman. In her media appearances Rhee has attacked teacher's unions, earning Ms. Rhee praise from prominent conservatives. In May 2011, Rhee spoke against unions alongside the controversial Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker at an event hosted by "American Federation for Children" (a conservative education organization founded and funded by religious right activist Betsy DeVos). Rhee advocated that profit motives should be harnessed to make educators more effective.

Awards and recognition

Rhee has served on the advisory boards for the National Council on Teacher Quality,[50] National Center for Alternative Certification, and Project REACH.[citation needed] She was a special guest of First Lady Laura Bush at President George W. Bush's 2008 State of the Union address.[51]

References

  1. ^ Michael Neibauer (June 13, 2007). "Michelle Rhee: A teacher at heart". The Washington Examiner]]. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  2. ^ Jim Iovino (November 5, 2009). "Lessons in Engagement: Rhee, Johnson reportedly engaged". NBC Washington. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  3. ^ Amanda Ripley (November 26, 2008). "Rhee Tackles Classroom Challenge". Time magazine. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  4. ^ "4년 임기 절반 넘긴 미셸 리에게 묻다 "당신의 개혁은 성공 중입니까?"" (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. 2009-12-14. Retrieved 2009-12-23.
  5. ^ Harry Jaffe (September 01, 2007). "Can Michelle Rhee Save DC Schools?". Washingtonian. Retrieved May 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ "Teach For America - Our team".[dead link‍]
  7. ^ Evan Thomas (August 22, 2008). "An Unlikely Gambler: By firing bad teachers and paying good ones six-figure salaries, Michelle Rhee just might save D.C.'s schools". Newsweek. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  8. ^ a b Diana Jean Schemo (June 20, 2007). "Recruited to Rescue Washington's Schools". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  9. ^ Wil Haygood (March 10, 2010). "Kevin Johnson's winning streak: NBA, Sacramento City Hall, Michelle Rhee's heart". The Washington Post. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Text "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/09/AR2010030903532.html" ignored (help); Text "washingtonpost.com" ignored (help)
  10. ^ a b c d "Michelle A. Rhee". New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  11. ^ a b c Jay Matthews (February 8, 2011). The Washington Post http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2011/02/michelle_rhees_early_test_scor.html. Retrieved May 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ "Fenty To Oust Janey Today: Head of Nonprofit That Trains Teachers Would Run Schools". The Washington Post. June 12, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |lauthor= ignored (help)
  13. ^ "The New Chancellor: Mayor Fenty makes clear that it's not business as usual for District schools". The Washington Post. June 12, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  14. ^ "Judging Ms. Rhee: How Mr. Fenty picked his school chief matters less than whether she can do the job" (Editorial). The Washington Post. June 15, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  15. ^ Alexander Russo (June 12, 2007). "School Reform Outsider Hired To Run DC Schools". Education Week. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  16. ^ Brant (December 31, 2007). "Michelle Rhee: Unconventional, Bee-Swallowing Reformer". Newsweek. Retrieved May 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  17. ^ a b c Bill Turque (September 16, 2010). "Rhee: Election result 'devastating' for D.C. schoolchildren". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  18. ^ "U.S. spends average $8,701 per pupil on education". Reuters. May 24, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  19. ^ a b c d e Theola Labbé (November 29, 2007). "Short Notice on Plan to Close Schools Angers Council". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  20. ^ a b "Plan to Close 23 D.C. Schools Revised". WTOP-FM. February 1, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  21. ^ Sam Dillon (November 12, 2008). "A School Chief Takes On Tenure, Stirring a Fight". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  22. ^ Tamar Lewin (July 23, 2010). "School Chief Dismisses 241 Teachers in Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  23. ^ a b c d e Bill Turque (July 24, 2010). "Rhee dismisses 241 D.C. teachers; union vows to contest firings". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  24. ^ Nikita Stewart and V. Dion Haynes (June 30, 2007). "Council to Challenge Rhee's Résumé". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  25. ^ Bob Somerby (July 2, 2007). "Reading Rhee's Resume". Daily Howler. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  26. ^ a b Bill Turque (August 19, 2010). "Fenty's political fortunes tied to success of D.C. school reforms". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  27. ^ Diane Ravitch (March 29, 2011). "Shame on Michelle Rhee: A new report shows student testing irregularities in D.C. under the leadership of star education reform advocate Michelle Rhee". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  28. ^ {{cite web|url=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/03/28/960859/-Investigation-shows-questionable-test-results-under-Michelle-Rhee Investigation shows questionable test results under Michelle Rhee, Dailykos, March 28, 2011][dead link‍]
  29. ^ a b c Bill Turque and Jon Cohen (February 1, 2010). "D.C. Schools Chancellor Rhee's approval rating in deep slide". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  30. ^ a b Bill Turque (May 9, 2008). "Rhee Dismisses Principal of School That Her Children Attend". The Washington Post. p. B06. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  31. ^ Turque, Bill (October 16, 2008). "Rhee Fires Shepherd Principal, Raising Questions About Vetting". Washington Post. p. B01. Retrieved May 25, 2011. On Friday, less than two months into the academic year, Rhee fired Ben Zion. Her departure raises questions about the school system's vetting process, which was part of Rhee's aggressive effort to upgrade a principal corps she considers integral to her reform effort. In the spring, she fired 24 school heads and launched what she described as a national campaign to recruit top-flight principals. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  32. ^ a b c Bill Turque (October 30, 2010). "Rhee Faces Irate Council At Meeting On Budget". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  33. ^ V. Dion Haynes (March 15, 2008). "Federal Official Praises Progress, Urges More Long-Term Planning". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2011. Rhee disagreed in her testimony with suggestions that she had solicited feedback after the fact on her plans to close 23 schools and overhaul 27 others where students had repeatedly failed to meet academic targets... {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  34. ^ Dena Levitz (May 21, 2008). "Critics question nomination for school watchdog post". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  35. ^ V. Dion Haynes and Dan Keating (April 1, 2008). "Students Walk Out to Protest Security Policy". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-05-12. ...chancellor was impressed with the students. "She told them it was a good plan and well thought out and she would definitely consider incorporating aspects of their proposal into the final plan."
  36. ^ "Rhee Defends Firing Her Children's Principal". The Washington Post. May 20, 2008. p. B04. Retrieved May 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  37. ^ Dena Levitz (May 16, 2008). "District's school union slams Rhee's firing of principals". The Washington Examiner]. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  38. ^ Bill Turque (January 23, 2010). "Rhee says laid-off teachers in D.C. abused kids". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  39. ^ Nick Anderson (January 27, 2010). "Rhee hedges remarks on laid-off teachers". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  40. ^ Rotherham, Andrew (September 16, 2010). "Fenty's Loss in D.C.: A Blow to Education Reform?". Time magazine. Retrieved May 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  41. ^ Tom Moroney and Jeffrey Young (October 13, 2010). "Michelle Rhee Resigns as D.C. Schools Chancellor". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  42. ^ Alex Pareene (March 29, 2011). "Paranoid Michelle Rhee blames her "enemies" for cheating report: A Nixonian response from the former D.C. schools chancellor to news of statistical anomalies in her success stories". Salon. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  43. ^ Jack Gillum and Marisol Bello (March 28, 2011). "When standardized test scores soared in D.C., were the gains real?". USA Today. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  44. ^ Bill Turque (March 29, 2011). "USA Today story brings fresh scrutiny to erasure issue". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  45. ^ Jay Matthews (March 30, 2011). "Rhee says her remarks on test erasures were stupid". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  46. ^ Mike DeBonis (October 16, 2008). "Rhee "Hasn't Taken a Formal Position on Vouchers"". Washington City Paper. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  47. ^ Michelle Rhee (January 11, 2011). "In Budget Crises, an Opening for School Reform: School systems can put students first by making sure any layoffs account for teacher quality, not seniority". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  48. ^ "Michelle Rhee's Big Announcement". Oprah.com. December 6, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  49. ^ Jennifer Epstein (December 6, 2010). "Michelle Rhee not heading to any state, district". Politico. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  50. ^ "National Council on Teacher Quality - NCTQ Advisory Board". National Council on Teacher Quality. Retrieved May 25, 2011. The Advisory Board reflects our intent to firmly establish ourselves as a nonpartisan voice for urgently needed reforms of the nation's teacher policies. All of these individuals share our core commitment to educational justice, believing that we as a nation must do more to attract, develop, and retain good teachers.
  51. ^ Howard Schneider (January 28, 2008). "Michelle Rhee Among First Lady's Guests". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 25, 2011.

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