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The cast includes [[David Thewlis]], [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], [[Jeremy Irvine]], [[Emily Watson]], [[Tom Hiddleston]] and [[Peter Mullan]].<ref name="Empire">{{cite web|title=Exclusive: War Horse Cast Announced|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/feed.asp?NID=28148|work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]|date=2010-02-17|first=Ian|last=Freer|accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10348990.stm|work=BBC News Online|title=Steven Spielberg announces War Horse cast | date=2010-06-18|accessdate=2011-02-27}}</ref> The film is produced by Spielberg and [[Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]], and executive produced by [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]] and [[Revel Guest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=War Horse|url=http://www.dreamworksstudios.com/films/war-horse|work=DreamWorks Studio| location=Los Angeles |accessdate=2011-05-09}}</ref> Long term Spielberg collaborators [[Janusz Kamiński]], [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]] and [[John Williams]] have all worked on the film.
The cast includes [[David Thewlis]], [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], [[Jeremy Irvine]], [[Emily Watson]], [[Tom Hiddleston]] and [[Peter Mullan]].<ref name="Empire">{{cite web|title=Exclusive: War Horse Cast Announced|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/feed.asp?NID=28148|work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]|date=2010-02-17|first=Ian|last=Freer|accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10348990.stm|work=BBC News Online|title=Steven Spielberg announces War Horse cast | date=2010-06-18|accessdate=2011-02-27}}</ref> The film is produced by Spielberg and [[Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]], and executive produced by [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]] and [[Revel Guest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=War Horse|url=http://www.dreamworksstudios.com/films/war-horse|work=DreamWorks Studio| location=Los Angeles |accessdate=2011-05-09}}</ref> Long term Spielberg collaborators [[Janusz Kamiński]], [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]] and [[John Williams]] have all worked on the film.


==Synopsis==
==Plot==
{{sectionexpand|date=August 2011}}
In [[Devon]] at the outbreak of [[World War I]], "Joey," young Albert Narracott's beloved horse, is sold to the [[cavalry]] and shipped to [[French Third Republic|France]]. Joey serves in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] and [[German Empire|German]] armies, and gets caught up in enemy fire; death, disease and fate take him on an extraordinary odyssey, serving on both sides before being alone in [[No Man's Land]]. But Albert cannot forget Joey, and, still not old enough to enlist in the army, he embarks on a dangerous mission to find and bring him back to Devon.
In [[Devon]] at the outbreak of [[World War I]], "Joey," young Albert Narracott's beloved horse, is sold to the [[cavalry]] and shipped to [[French Third Republic|France]]. Joey serves in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] and [[German Empire|German]] armies, and gets caught up in enemy fire; death, disease and fate take him on an extraordinary odyssey, serving on both sides before being alone in [[No Man's Land]]. But Albert cannot forget Joey, and, still not old enough to enlist in the army, he embarks on a dangerous mission to find and bring him back to Devon.


Revision as of 17:45, 11 August 2011

War Horse
File:War-Horse---Trailer.jpg
Directed bySteven Spielberg
Screenplay byLee Hall
Richard Curtis
Produced bySteven Spielberg
Kathleen Kennedy
StarringDavid Thewlis
Benedict Cumberbatch
Jeremy Irvine
Emily Watson
Peter Mullan
Tom Hiddleston
CinematographyJanusz Kamiński
Edited byMichael Kahn
Music byJohn Williams
Production
companies
Distributed byTouchstone Pictures
Release date
28 December 2011
CountryTemplate:Film US
LanguageEnglish

War Horse is a film directed by Steven Spielberg and is intended for release in the US on 28 December 2011[1] and in the UK on 13 January 2012.[2] It is based on both War Horse, a children's novel set during World War I, by Michael Morpurgo, first published in the United Kingdom in 1982, and the 2007 stage adaptation of the same name.[3]

The cast includes David Thewlis, Benedict Cumberbatch, Jeremy Irvine, Emily Watson, Tom Hiddleston and Peter Mullan.[4][5] The film is produced by Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy, and executive produced by Frank Marshall and Revel Guest.[6] Long term Spielberg collaborators Janusz Kamiński, Michael Kahn and John Williams have all worked on the film.

Plot

In Devon at the outbreak of World War I, "Joey," young Albert Narracott's beloved horse, is sold to the cavalry and shipped to France. Joey serves in the British and German armies, and gets caught up in enemy fire; death, disease and fate take him on an extraordinary odyssey, serving on both sides before being alone in No Man's Land. But Albert cannot forget Joey, and, still not old enough to enlist in the army, he embarks on a dangerous mission to find and bring him back to Devon.

Cast

Production

Origins

Michael Morpurgo, the author of the novel on which the film is based.

Michael Morpurgo wrote the 1982 children's novel War Horse after meeting World War I veterans in the Devon village of Iddesleigh where he lived. One had been with the Devon Yeomanry, and was involved with horses; another veteran in his village, Captain Budgett, was with the cavalry and told Morpurgo how he had confided all his hopes and fears to his horse. Both told him of the horrific conditions and loss of life, human and animal, during the Great War. A third man remembered the army coming to the village to buy horses for the war effort: horses were used for cavalry, and as draught animals, pulling guns, ambulances and other vehicles. Morpurgo researched the subject further and learned that a million horses died on the British side; he extrapolated an overall figure of 10 million horse deaths on all sides. Of the million horses that were sent abroad from the UK, only 62,000 returned, the rest dying in the war or slaughtered in France for meat. The Great War had a massive and indelible impact on the male population of the UK: 886,000 men died, one in eight of those who went to war, and 2% of the entire country's population.[7][8][9]

After observing a young boy with a stammer forming a fond relationship with and talking fluently to a horse at a farm run by Morpurgo's charity Farms for City Children, Morpurgo found a way to tell the story, through the horse and its relations with the various people it meets before and during the course of the war: a young Devon farmboy, a British cavalry officer, a German soldier, and an old Frenchman and his grand-daughter.[8][9][10]

Morpurgo tried to adapt the book into a film screenplay, working over five years with Simon Channing-Williams, but in the end they had to admit defeat.[11] The book was successfully adapted for a stageplay by Nick Stafford in 2007. To work dramatically, the story could not be told solely through the viewpoint of the horse (as it was in the book), and so the film version with a screenplay by Richard Curtis and Lee Hall will be based on the narrative approach of the stageplay more than that of the book. Unlike the play with its puppet horses, the film uses real horses.[12][3][13][14]

Development

"”I won’t kid you ... it was more money [for the film rights] than I’ve ever been paid for anything I’ve ever written. But that wasn’t the temptation. The temptation was the chance for an iconic film about the First World War, perhaps as great as All Quiet on the Western Front with its overpowering sense of waste.” Morpurgo wants to see his anger at the war reflected back on screen."

–Robert Gore-Langton[15]

In 2009, film producer Kathleen Kennedy saw the critically acclaimed production of War Horse in London's West End with her husband, fellow producer Frank Marshall and their two daughters. They were very impressed by the story and Marshall has recalled how he was amazed that no-one had already bought the film rights to the book.[16][17] Kennedy told Steven Spielberg, her colleague at Amblin Entertainment, about the play.[17][18] It was announced on 16 December 2009 that DreamWorks had acquired the film rights for the book, with Spielberg stating: "From the moment I read Michael Morpurgo's novel War Horse, I knew this was a film I wanted DreamWorks to make ... Its heart and its message provide a story that can be felt in every country."[19][20] Spielberg saw the London production of the play on 1 February 2010 and met some of the cast afterwards.[21][22][23]

Following the success of the stage production, Morpurgo had again tried to develop the book into a screenplay, this time working with Lee Hall, who commented that "Weirdly the week that we finished it [the screenplay], Spielberg expressed an interest, we sent him the script, and within a couple of weeks he'd decided he was going to make the film – it was one of those situations that never happens in the world of film."[24]

DreamWorks Studio executive Stacey Snider suggested Richard Curtis to work on rewrites for the screenplay, and Spielberg committed to directing the film "the second I read his first draft. It happened faster than anything else we've [Spielberg and Snider] done together."[24][25] It was announced that Spielberg was to direct the film on 3 May 2010;[26] the cast was announced on 17 June 2010.[4] Speaking at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2011, actor Peter Mullan said that he took the part not just because Spielberg was directing, but also because of the 'beautiful script, really nice script'.[27]

According to an account of the book, play and film's development by Michael Morpurgo, within weeks of hearing from Kennedy about the London theatre production, Spielberg had "seen the play, met the cast, visited the Imperial War Museum and decided this would be his next film. In the weeks that followed he worked with Lee Hall and Richard Curtis on the script, and within months the film was being made".[9]

Spielberg has directed six films set during or just before World War II (1941, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Empire of the Sun, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Schindler's List, and Saving Private Ryan), and has produced two others, Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima, as well as producing two major television series set during this period, Band of Brothers and The Pacific. In contrast, War Horse is Spielberg's first foray into World War I storytelling.[28] Kathleen Kennedy elaborated on the appeal of the story: "In cinema we've told very few stories about World War I and I think that's one of the things that attracted us to this ... It's a forgotten war in the United States, and that had a very powerful effect on Steven and I."[29]

Dr David Kenyon and Andy Robertshaw of Battlefield Partnerships were military advisors on the film.[30][31][32][33]

Casting

After some speculation, the cast for War Horse was announced on 17 June 2010.[4] It had been rumoured in the previous week that Eddie Redmayne had been cast in the lead part as Albert Narracott;[34] however, relatively unknown stage actor Jeremy Irvine was chosen instead. The cast is European,[35] with British, French and German actors playing British, French and German characters respectively.[36] Robert Emms, who played the lead of Albert Narracott in the West End production of the play, was cast as David Lyons.[37]

Casting for extras took place in Devon in late July 2010.[38] The grand-daughter of Captain Budgett, one of the World War I veterans who had inspired Morpurgo to write the story, acted as an extra in scenes filmed in Castle Combe,[9] and Morpurgo himself filmed a cameo role.[39][40][41]

Prior to the start of filming, some of the actors underwent two months of intensive horse training.[12]

Filming and locations

Ditsworthy Warren House on Dartmoor, which served as the Narracott family farmhouse in the film.

Spielberg films are renowned for the levels of secrecy and security during filming, and War Horse was no exception: filming took place under the codename Dartmoor.[38][42]

Filming of War Horse began with the cavalry scenes being filmed at Stratfield Saye House in north Hampshire, the estate of the Duke of Wellington, where incidentally Wellington's war horse "Copenhagen" is buried. Here a cavalry charge involving 130 extras was filmed.[12][43] Filming on location on Dartmoor, Devon started in August 2010.[44][45] Dartmoor locations included the small village of Meavy, and near Widecombe-in-the-Moor.[46] Ditsworthy Warren House, an isolated Grade II listed building near Sheepstor on Dartmoor served as the Narracott family's farmhouse.[47][48]

On 11 September 2010 the annual Dartmoor Yomp was re-routed to allow filming to continue undisturbed.[49] Spielberg praised the beauty of the Dartmoor countryside: "I have never before, in my long and eclectic career, been gifted with such an abundance of natural beauty as I experienced filming War Horse on Dartmoor ... And, with two-and-a-half weeks of extensive coverage of landscapes and skies, I hardly scratched the surface of the visual opportunities that were offered to me."[50]

Castle Combe in Wiltshire, another filming location.

Although Devon rural locations were used, scenes in the main village in the story were filmed at the Wiltshire village of Castle Combe, despite the vernacular architecture of Devon (predominantly cob walls and thatched roofs) being very different from that of Wiltshire (stone walls and stone tiled roofs). Filming began there on 21 September 2010 and continued until 1 October 2010.[51][52][53] Some residents of Castle Combe were angered by the imposition of tightened security within the village, claiming they could not enter the village without waiting at perimeter barriers until breaks in filming.[54]

After Castle Combe, the production moved on to Wisley Airfield in Surrey, where battlefield scenes were filmed.[55][56][42] Shooting of wartime camp scenes also took place for about two weeks from 4 October 2010 at Bourne Wood near Farnham in Surrey, a frequent location for filming.[57][58][59][42] On 13–14 October 2010 scenes were shot at the stately home Luton Hoo.[60] Filming was also undertaken at Caerwent in Wales.[61] The film shoot was completed in the last week of October 2010,[62] with the entire movie, French scenes included, being shot in the UK.[9] Studio filming was undertaken at Longcross Studios, Chertsey in Surrey[58] and at Twickenham Film Studios.[63]

"The Michael Morpurgo book is ‘Black Beauty goes to war’. So if you’re English, two of the most emotive subjects you could touch on are Black Beauty and the First World War. The crew were constantly in tears, as there were war memorials and everybody had a story in their family ... for English people, everyone is touched by that war."

–Emily Watson on the enduring emotional legacy of the First World War.[64]

The author of the book on which the film is based, Michael Morpurgo, visited the set while filming was being undertaken: "Spielberg’s a wonderful storyteller and a kid. He adores stories and that’s what he’s best at. It’s extraordinary to meet someone with that kind of enthusiasm, utterly unspoiled ... When I went to visit him on set, he was clearly enthralled by the countryside. He fell for Devon in a big way. He was warm, kind and open, and utterly without ego ... Spielberg was like a conductor with a very light baton. He hardly had to wave it at all. I was in awe.”[56] Emily Watson also praised Spielberg's approach: "It was intimate, passionate and about the acting. And every single priority that as an actor that you would want to be there was there. It felt very real and focused."[64] ... On set, he'd come in, in the morning, and say, 'I couldn't sleep last night. I was worrying about this shot!' Which was great! He's human and he's still working in an impassioned way, like a 21-year-old, trying to make the best out of everything."[65]

For lead actor Jeremy Irvine, starring in his first film role, the filming process was intense at times, in particular the scene where the British cavalry, 130 horses in total and many hundeds of extras, charged the German machine gun lines. He explained: "It’s the weapons of the old world — our men on horses — meeting the absolute destruction of these tools of mass slaughter. There was this line of machine guns and there’s this wall of lead coming out of these guns. There were real explosions at my feet, bodies flying through the air, stunt men getting shot at. It was terrifying. The smoke and the smell and the taste of the guns firing. It’s not difficult to act scared in that situation. There’s no doubt this was deliberate: not only to have the film look great, but to have that effect on the actors. It was an eye-opening scene."[12]

When actor Peter Mullan won the award for Best Film at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in Spain for Neds, the film he wrote, directed and in which he acted, Spielberg insisted that Mullan should attend the ceremony on 26 September 2010 to accept his award in person, and re-arranged the War Horse shooting schedule accordingly.[66][67]

The horses

During filming in the UK thirteen different horses were used as the main horse character Joey.[68] The horses playing horse characters Joey and Topthorn had a specialist equine make-up team, with their coats dyed and markings added to ensure continuity, and a farrier (Russell Spry of Yelverton) was on set to replace horseshoes sucked off in the mud during filming. The horses were trained by Bill Lawrence,[68] and equine artist Ali Bannister was responsible for the 'hair and make-up' of the horses, as well as drawing the sketches of horses that are featured in the film.[69] Extra filming involving a bay foal took place in California in March 2011.[14] Working with horses on this scale was a new experience for Spielberg, who commented: "The horses were an extraordinary experience for me, because several members of my family ride. I was really amazed at how expressive horses are and how much they can show what they’re feeling."[3]

Post-production

Film editor Michael Kahn spoke of his work on the film: "We have some shots in War Horse that are just fantastic ... We shot it in Devon, and you know it's gorgeous down there, and the horses are beautiful and the farms are beautiful, beautiful scenery and every shot is gorgeous, and eventually you get to the war part of it and it's really, really something." Kahn had a trailer on set and edited the film during filming.[70] Kahn and Spielberg cut the film digitally on an Avid, rather than on film, a first time with this technology for Spielberg: "He decided that he’d like to try it", Kahn commented.[71]

After filming, further editing was undertaken in the UK at Twickenham Film Studios, with the production moving back to the US in November 2010.[63] Kahn also said of his work on the film: "We put together here in Hollywood. It worked well ... Those English actors are awfully good and so were the horses. The horses were beautifully trained. For an editor there were a lot of match [frame] problems with the horses but the shooting was so good that I got everything I needed.”[13]

Kahn also said that the film score by John Williams would be recorded in late March and early April 2011.[70] Tuba player Jim Self reported in May 2011: "For John Williams I [sic] recently finished recording for the film War Horse. It's a war movie so the score has a lot of brass — but it was gentile [sic] music often."[72] English folk singer John Tams, who wrote the songs for the stage production of War Horse, was approached by Spielberg and Williams about including one of his songs from the stageshow in the film.[39]

Visual effects for the film are being undertaken by Framestore, a London-based company.[73] However, producer Kathleen Kennedy stated that there will be "very few special effects. We really did it very naturalistically. There isn't a lot of blood. Steven wasn't interested in bringing Private Ryan into it, but we did want to make a PG-13 movie."[18] Actor Tom Hiddleston said of the film that Spielberg had "seen the stage play and he wanted to retain the magic and heartbeat of that ... It's a moving, powerful story you can take children to see, but it is still very upsetting ... People die, and it is war."[74]

"To round out the year, Steven Spielberg's War Horse appears in time for the festive period. If you're thinking that nothing says Christmas like the bloody trench warfare carnage, you may be in luck. But while Spielberg isn't one to sugarcoat the horrors of war, he's just the director to fill this Great War-set story of a boy and his horse with saddlebags of heart and soul. We can't wait to see how he's brought the colossally popular stage play to the big screen."

–Empire magazine[75]

War Horse is intended for release in the US on 28 December 2011[1] and in the UK on 13 January 2012.[2] The US release date was originally set for 10 August 2011, but after a meeting in London in early October 2010 between DreamWorks and Disney executives, when some footage was screened, the decision was taken to move its release to the holiday period. DreamWorks executive Stacey Snider said: "The reaction to the footage – which he [Spielberg] usually never shows – was that it feels like a big, holiday movie ... It just became inevitable that we would move it. (Spielberg) feels great about it."[1]

Only a very few unofficial on-set photographs and clips of video footage were published in the press and online during the filming period. Due to the usual embargo on photographs and videos being taken and made public during Spielberg shoots, very few photographs emerged, with the majority being snatched paparazzi shots. In October 2010 Spielberg's cinematographer on the film, Janusz Kamiński, put an on-set photograph of himself on a battlefield set on his Facebook page.[76] The first ten official photographs were made public by DreamWorks in several releases between 11 and 14 March 2011, in Empire magazine, in an article in the Daily Mail and in an article in Entertainment Weekly.[77][12] On 16 March 2011 a British blogger published an account of her unofficial visit to the War Horse set at Ditsworthy Warren House, and despite the security on-set, was able to take photographs of the interior of the set and of Steven Spielberg.[78] On 29 March 2011 DreamWorks presented behind-the-scenes footage, introduced on film by Spielberg, to theatre owners at CinemaCon in Las Vegas. Spielberg was unable to attend in person as he was still working on the post-production of the film.[79]

On 29 June 2011 the first official trailer for the film was released, and the official website was launched.[80][81] On its launch, the website was rather a sparse affair, with just the official trailer and synopis, and only two of the ten previously-released official photographs.

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b de Semlyen, Phil (2011-03-04). "Tom Hiddleston On War Horse: On Spielberg and his Great War epic". Empire. London. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
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  39. ^ a b Powlson, Nigel (2010-10-08). "From West End to Hollywood as John's songs woo Spielberg". Derby Telegraph. Derby. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
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  48. ^ "Plymouth Ramblers: Pictures and Maps from some of our walks". Plymouth Ramblers. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
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  52. ^ Staff writer (2010-08-14). "Spielberg to shoot in Castle Combe". Wiltshire Times. Trowbridge. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  53. ^ "Steven Spielberg's War Horse begins filming in Castle Combe". BBC News Online. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  54. ^ Staff writer (2010-09-28). "Villagers up in arms over Steven Spielberg film". The Daily Express. London. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  55. ^ Jones-Berry, Stephanie (2010-10-01). "Spielberg's War Horse shooting at Wisley Airfield". Get Surrey. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
  56. ^ a b Stephenson, Hannah (2010-12-18). "Dramatic finale for Morpurgo". The Press and Journal. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
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