Volcano Vaporizer: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Vaporizer (inhalation device)#Volcano]] {{R from merge}} |
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[[Image:Volcano Vaporizer.jpg|thumb|right|A Volcano forced-air Vaporizer]] |
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The '''Volcano Vaporizer''' is a [[vaporizer]] machine consisting of a conical heater base with controls for manipulating the airflow and temperature. It is used for [[aromatherapy]], smokeless ingestion of [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]<ref>[http://cannabis.com/vaporizers/reviews/volcano-vaporizer-classic-review.html Cannabis.com Volcano Review]</ref><ref name="cannabisculture.com">[http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/4953.html Toronto Vapour Lounge Features Volcano]</ref> or other [[herb]]s, and culinary preparation. The air collection system consists of a heatproof bag, a set of valves to control dispersal, and a chamber in which the material is heated. The vegetable matter or [[essential oil]] is heated by a variable temperature, pressurized hot air [[convection]] stream, and the resultant vapors are collected in the heatproof bag. Once the bag has inflated, the user removes it from the heater base and inhales or otherwise disperses the vapors using a set of valves. |
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==Uses== |
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===Aromatherapy=== |
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The Volcano Vaporizer is used to apply heat to release aromatic compounds from herbs and spices, plant extracts, and essential oils for aromatherapy. It is useful to release delicate aromas that may be destroyed by excessive temperature or difficult to release because of their [[chemical property]]. |
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===Medical=== |
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Clinical evaluations of the Volcano Vaporizer have been carried out, primarily under the rubric of [[medical cannabis]]. Research undertaken by the [[University of California, San Francisco]] in November 2007, published in the Journal of the [[American Academy of Neurology]], compared the levels of the bioactive cannabis compound [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC) and the harmful constituents produced by smoked (burned) cannabis to the vapor produced by the Volcano Vaporizer. The study examined blood concentration of [[carbon monoxide]] as a harmful-products marker, and found there was limited exposure to harmful combustion products using the vaporizing device.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Abrams DI, Vizoso HP, Shade SB, Jay C, Kelly ME, Benowitz NL |title=Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study |journal=Clin Pharmacol Ther. |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=572–8 |year=2007 |month=November |pmid=17429350 |doi=10.1038/sj.clpt.6100200 }}</ref></br> A 2004 study published in the [[Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics]] found that compared to marijuana ''smoke'', vapor from the Volcano Vaporizer contained higher levels of therapeutic THC and dramatically lower concentrations of toxic compounds.<ref>[http://www.maps.org/mmj/Gieringer-vaporizer.pdf Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds]</ref></br> And another study published in the [[Journal of Psychopharmacology]] in May 2008 investigated the feasibility of intrapulmonary THC administration using a Volcano Vaporizer. This study found that consistent, reproducible THC extraction and delivery is possible with the Volcano Vaporizer, suggesting that the vaporizing device was a suitable method for the administration of THC.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zuurman L, Roy C, Schoemaker RC, ''et al.'' |title=Effect of intrapulmonary tetrahydrocannabinol administration in humans |journal=J Psychopharmacol. (Oxford) |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=707–16 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18515447 |doi=10.1177/0269881108089581 }}</ref></br> In June 2006, a study conducted at [[Leiden University]] in the Netherlands was published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology. The study evaluated the performance of the Volcano Vaporizer for reproducible delivery of THC by using pure molecular preparations. The results demonstrated that the Volcano Vaporizer was a competent delivery system for THC. The final analysis of indicated active cannabis compounds were readily liberated by the vaporization device.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hazekamp A, Ruhaak R, Zuurman L, van Gerven J, Verpoorte R |title=Evaluation of a vaporizing device (Volcano) for the pulmonary administration of tetrahydrocannabinol |journal=J Pharm Sci |volume=95 |issue=6 |pages=1308–17 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16637053 |doi=10.1002/jps.20574 }}</ref> |
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===Popular=== |
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The Volcano Vaporizer is used for the consumption of cannabis.<ref name="cannabisculture.com"/> The primary advantage is that [[cannabinoids]] can be released without the toxic byproducts of [[combustion]], thereby allowing the inhalation of cannabinoids while reducing the damaging health effects of smoking. |
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===Culinary=== |
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The Volcano Vaporizer is used by chefs including [[Grant Achatz]] at the [[Alinea (restaurant)|Alinea]] restaurant in [[Chicago]] and [[Ferran Adrià]] at [[El Bulli]] in [[Spain]] as a method of applying controlled heat to foods, herbs and spices to release flavors that are otherwise difficult to titrate or apply, or that might be spoiled by overheating during cooking. The technique is useful for the practice of the modern cooking technique referred to as [[molecular gastronomy]].<ref>[http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2007/08/22/315575/new-science-cooking-equipment.html Alinea restaurant uses Volcano as flavorizer]</ref><ref>[http://www.chow.com/stories/10417 Tools for creating aromatic flavors]</ref><ref>[http://www.rimag.com/article/CA6556364.html Volcano used to release nutmeg aroma]</ref><ref>[http://aliceqfoodie.blogspot.com/2008/10/day-two-of-gourmet-institute-grant.html Gourmet Institute Master Class]</ref> |
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==Production== |
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The Volcano Vaporizer is manufactured by [[Storz & Bickel]], a company specialized in vaporization technology. The Company is based in [[Tuttlingen]], [[Germany]]. |
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==Awards== |
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The Volcano Vaporizer received the 2003 Dr. Rudolf Eberle Prize for outstanding technical design and innovation. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6513524.html?highlight=6513524&stemming=on Volcano Patent] |
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*[http://www.vapornation.com/store/Popular-Brands-Volcano-c-80_45.html Volcano Vaporizers] |
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*[http://www.vapornation.com Vaporizers] |
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===Studies=== |
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*[http://www.maps.org/mmj/Gieringer-vaporizer.pdf Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds] |
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*[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070515151145.htm Marijuana Vaporizer Provides Same Level Of THC, Fewer Toxins, Study Shows", Official Journal of the American Academy of Neurology (summarized by Science Daily) (2007-05-16). Retrieved on 2007-06-06.] |
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*[http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/vaporizerstudy2.html Cal NORML/MAPS Study Shows Vaporizer Can Drastically Reduce Toxins in Marijuana Smoke] |
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[[Category:Aromatherapy]] |
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[[Category:Cannabis]] |
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[[Category:Smoking]] |
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[[Category:Cooking appliance brands]] |
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[[pt:Vaporizador Volcano]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:38, 9 May 2013
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