Larnaca International Airport: Difference between revisions
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==Incidents and accidents== |
==Incidents and accidents== |
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| On 13 October 1977, [[Lufthansa Flight 181]], flying from [[Palma, Majorca|Palma de Mallorca]] to [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]], with 91 passengers and crew was hijacked by four [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP) members, and was diverted and landed in turn at the airports in Rome, Larnaca, [[Bahrain]] and [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | author2= | title=Terror and Triumph at Mogadishu | date=31 October 1977 | publisher= | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,945802,00.html | work =Time Magazine | pages = | accessdate = 12 February 2007 | language = }}</ref> The [[Boeing 737]] was then forced to fly on to [[Aden Adde International Airport|Mogadishu Airport]], [[Somalia]], where a [[GSG 9|German antiterrorist squad]] stormed the plane, killing 3 hijackers, arresting one and rescuing all passengers. |
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| On 19 February 1978, Larnaca Airport was the scene of the [[Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport]]: a 1-hour gun battle between [[Unit 777]], an [[Military of Egypt|Egyptian military]] [[counter-terrorism]] force, who had raided Larnaca International, and the [[Cypriot National Guard]]. |
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The crisis had begun the previous day, when Youssef Sebai, editor of a prominent Egyptian newspaper and friend of [[President of Egypt|Egyptian President]] [[Anwar El Sadat]], was assassinated at the [[Nicosia]] [[Hilton Hotels|Hilton]] hotel by two gunmen as he was preparing to address the Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization (AAPSO) conference being held at the hotel. The gunmen, a Jordanian and a Kuwaiti, opposed to the Sadat regime, took 50 hostages among the conference attendees, including two representatives of the PLO who happened to be attending the conference. Non-Arab delegates and women were released shortly. Yasser Arafat, with the Cypriot president's agreement, dispatched an unarmed force of 16 to assist with negotiations and any possible rescue operation. |
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Through negotiations with the Cypriot government, the two attackers were allowed to board a plane to escape with their 15 remaining hostages, including the two PLO hostages. They forced the plane to approach several countries including [[Libya]] and [[Syria]] but each time their request to land was refused, so after refueling in [[Djibouti]], the plane was forced to return to Larnaca Airport. Egypt then dispatched its entire antiterrorist squad aboard a [[C-130 Hercules]] to deal with the hijacking; however, they did so without the knowledge or consent of the Cypriot government. |
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On landing in Larnaca, the commandos launched an all-out assault on the DC-8, even as Cypriot negotiators had secured the hostage-takers' surrender. [[President of Cyprus|Cypriot President]] [[Spyros Kyprianou]] and other senior officials observing the events on site were forced to retreat from the airport control tower after it was hit by bullets. Eventually the Egyptian commandos surrendered to the Cypriot forces. The two hijackers were persuaded by the British pilots to give up. The hostages exited the aircraft unharmed once the shooting was over. The Cypriots counted eight wounded. 15 members of the 74-man Egyptian Unit 777 died. President Kyprianou offered reconciliation and apologies, but maintained that Cyprus could not have allowed the Egyptians to act. Egypt and Cyprus each withdrew their diplomatic missions, and frosty relations between the two countries persisted for some time. The two hijackers were condemned to death by a Cypriot court, but the sentence was commuted by Kyprianou and the hijackers released.<ref>"The 1798 Battle of Larnaca Airport, Cyprus, and UK diplomacy." The GLORIA Center, Global Research in International Affairs, IDC Herzliya, http://www.gloria-center.org/2009/06/dimitrakis-2009-06-07</ref><ref>''Rescuing Nationals Abroad Through Military Coercion and Intervention on Grounds of Humanity by Ronzitti, Natalino (p.40–41), 1985, Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff, ISBN 90-247-3135-6 ''</ref><ref>''Political Terrorism: Theory, Tactics and Counter-Measures, by Grant Wardlow'', (page 60), 1989, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521368413''</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | author2= | title=Murder and Massacre on Cyprus | date= 6 March 1978 | publisher= | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915969-2,00.html | work =[[Time Magazine]] | pages = | accessdate = 23 October 2007 | language = }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | | On 5 April 1988, [[Kuwait Airways Flight 422]], a [[Kuwait Airways]] [[Boeing 747]], was [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], while en route from [[Thailand]] to [[Kuwait]]. After forcing the plane to fly to Iran, the hijackers forced the crew to fly the plane further west to Algeria, but the plane landed in Larnaca for refuelling. Two Kuwaiti hostages were executed by the hijackers and their bodies were thrown out on the airport's runway. The hijacking ended in Algeria on 20 April 1988.<ref>"Terrorism Nightmare on Flight 422 – Murder and zealotry meet in a jumbo jet", ''[[Time Magazine]]'', Monday, 25 April 1988, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,967244-1,00.html]''</ref> |
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| ⚫ | | On 14 August 2005, [[Helios Airways Flight 522]], a [[Helios Airways]] [[Boeing 737-300]], flying from Larnaca to [[Václav Havel Airport Prague|Prague]] via [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], crashed into a mountain near [[Grammatiko]], about 40 km (25 mi) from Athens. All 121 on board were killed. |
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| As a result of the [[2006 Lebanon War]], the Lebanese airline [[Middle East Airlines]] evacuated its fleet to Larnaca. |
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| Also as a result of the 2006 Lebanon War, a Canadian military aircraft carrying [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Stephen Harper]] and Canadian citizens fleeing the war, landed in Larnaca. Cyprus served as a safe haven for many nationals during the crisis. The Prime Minister was coming home from a visit to [[Afghanistan]] but landed in Larnaka to pick up Canadians who had been evacuated from Lebanon, and took them back to Canada. |
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| ⚫ | | On 28 August 2007, three construction workers were injured when a complete {{convert|5|x|40|m|abbr=on}} concrete floor collapsed at the construction site for the new passenger terminal.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | author2= | title= Hermes regrets accident at new Cyprus airport site | date= 30 August 2007 | publisher= | url =http://www.financialmirror.com/more_news.php?id=8091&nt=Politics | work =[[Financial Mirror]] | pages = | accessdate = 31 August 2007 | language = |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070928090227/http://www.financialmirror.com/more_news.php?id=8091&nt=Politics <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Elias | last=Hazou | author2= | title=Three injured in accident at new Larnaca airport site | date= 30 August 2007 | publisher= | url =http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=34379&cat_id=1 | work =[[Cyprus Mail]] | pages = | accessdate = 31 August 2007 | language = |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927203200/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=34379&cat_id=1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 September 2007}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 07:27, 29 October 2014
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
Larnaca International Airport Διεθνής Aερολιμένας Λάρνακας [Larnaka Uluslararası Havaalanı] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | |||||||||||
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| Summary | |||||||||||
| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||
| Operator | Hermes Airports Ltd | ||||||||||
| Location | Larnaca, Cyprus | ||||||||||
| Hub for | Cyprus Airways | ||||||||||
| Website | www | ||||||||||
| Map | |||||||||||
  LCA/LCLK Location within Cyprus | |||||||||||
| Runways | |||||||||||
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Larnaca International Airport (Greek: Διεθνής Aερολιμένας Λάρνακας; Turkish: Larnaka Uluslararası Havaalanı) (IATA: LCA, ICAO: LCLK) is an international airport located 4 km (2.5 mi) southwest[2] of Larnaca, Cyprus. Larnaca International Airport is Cyprus' main international gateway and the larger of the country's two commercial airports, the other being Paphos International Airport on the island's southwestern coast. The airport has one primary passenger terminal. Departures are accommodated on the upper level, while arrivals at the ground level. A second "VIP terminal" also exists, which is used for visiting Heads of State, some private aviation, and for cargo.
The airport utilises a single large apron for all passenger aircraft. There are 16 jetways (boarding bridges), connecting the main terminal with aircraft, while there is a provision for utilization of shuttle buses to convey passengers during hours of extreme traffic. Infrastructure also features a large engineering hangar, a cargo terminal, and separate facilities for fuelling and provisioning light aircraft. There is a second, smaller apron where cargo aircraft and private aircraft are often parked. There are also spaces for smaller aircraft for flying schools and privately owned aircraft separate from the main two aprons.
History
Larnaca Airport was hastily developed towards the end of 1974 after the invasion of Cyprus by Turkey on 20 July of the same year,[3] which forced the closure of Nicosia International Airport. The site on which it was built (near the Larnaca Salt Lake), had been previously used as an airfield in the 1930s and, subsequently, as a military installation by the British forces. Larnaca International opened on 8 February 1975, with only limited infrastructure facilities and a prefabricated set of buildings comprising separate halls for departures and arrivals. The first airlines to use the new airport were Cyprus Airways using Viscount 800s leased from British Midland and Olympic Airways using NAMC YS-11s. Initially, the runway at Larnaca International was too short for jet aircraft.
Nowadays, Larnaca Airport is used as a hub by passengers travelling between Europe and the Middle East. The status of Cyprus as a major tourist destination means that air traffic has steadily risen to over 5 million passengers a year. This is double the capacity the airport was first designed for. For this reason, a tender was put out in 1998 to develop the airport further and increase its capacity (see below). Already completed elements of the expansion include a new control tower, fire station, runway extension, and additional administrative offices. The surrounding road network was improved by upgrading the B4 road and by completing the A3 Motorway.
A new Junction has been constructed near the new terminal. The new terminal was built some 500–700 m (1,600–2,300 ft) west of the old terminal, adjacent to the new control tower, with new aprons and jetways. The old terminal building is slated to be partially demolished and refurbished as a cargo centre, and is currently used as a private terminal for visiting heads of state, VIPs, and private aircraft operators.
The concept architectural design of the passenger terminal was developed by French architects at Aéroports de Paris (ADP) with Sofréavia in France. Detail and Tender design was completed in Cyprus by 1998, with local architectural office Forum Architects and a large engineering team under the coordination of ADP. The design was later used as a base for the BOT projects of both Larnaca and Pafos International Airports though significant changes were made mainly on "value engineering" grounds. A large amount of controversy spurred by the local media surrounded the granting of the contract when it was put out to tender. A consortium led by BAA and Joannou & Paraskevaides (J&P) construction quickly pulled out when it did not receive assurances from the government of Cyprus that it would receive financial compensation in the event that direct flights were allowed between the Turkish occupied north of the island and the rest of the world. The contract was eventually hastily granted to the next best bidder, the French led 'Hermes' Consortium. This too, was not free of controversy, causing legal challenges by BAA and J&P, and adding further delays to a much needed project.
New terminal
A€650m upgrade of the Larnaca and Paphos airports has been completed.[4] The international tender was won by Hermes Airports, a French-led group. The consortium is made up of Bouygues Batiment International (22%) Egis Projects (20%), the Cyprus Trading Corporation (a local retail group-10%), Iacovou Brothers (a local contractor-10%), Hellenic Mining (10%), Vancouver Airport Services (10%), Ireland's Dublin Airport Authority (Aer Rianta International) (10%), Charilaos Apostolides (a local construction company-5%) and Nice Côte d'Azur Airport (3%). Hermes Airports built new passenger terminals and plans to extend the runways at both airports under a 25-year concession.
A new terminal building opened on 7 November 2009.[5] It has 16 jetways (boarding bridges), 67 check in counters, 8 self check-in kiosks, 48 departure gates, 2,450 parking spots. The new terminal can handle 7.5 million passengers per year.
The second phase, to be completed in 2013, provides for the expansion of the new terminal to handle 9 million passengers a year, and for a 500 m (1,600 ft) runway extension. The design of the new 98,000 m2 (1,050,000 sq ft) terminal includes 16 boarding bridges[6][7]
Disabled facilities
Larnaca Airport is well equipped for people with special needs or with reduced mobility. Larnaca Airport's special facilities include disabled toilets, lifts, wheelchairs, micro-lifts, as well as car parking spaces. Parking spaces for people with limited mobility are located in front of P1 (short term Larnaca Airport parking zone). The first 20minutes are free of charge, after which drivers are charged at standard parking rates. To have 20 minutes free parking, drivers should go to the Parking office at the front of the Terminal building prior to leaving Larnaca Airport and show their Disability Badge to get their car park ticket validated.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Ground transport
The airport can be reached by car, taxi and public transport system. There is a shuttle bus system from/to both Limassol[13] and Nicosia. Some hotels offer shuttle services from the airport to their establishment. Taxis are available 24 hours a day from outside the main entrance of Larnaca International Airport (LCA) and are mainly private operators providing services to Larnaca town and popular beachfront hotels. Fares are displayed on a board in the Arrivals Hall. There are no limousine companies operating from Larnaca International Airport. However, companies offering such services may be available from Larnaca town. Visitors requiring a limousine are advised to make the necessary enquiries ahead of their arrival at the airport.[14]
Public transport
Public transport buses are available from bus stops outside the airport to various locations in Larnaca where one may change bus routes to other destinations in the island. There are also direct intercity buses serving the airport linking other towns and cities with Larnaca airport. Information regarding these is available at Cyprus Bus Timetables.
Incidents and accidents
- On 13 October 1977, Lufthansa Flight 181, flying from Palma de Mallorca to Frankfurt, with 91 passengers and crew was hijacked by four Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) members, and was diverted and landed in turn at the airports in Rome, Larnaca, Bahrain and Dubai.[15] The Boeing 737 was then forced to fly on to Mogadishu Airport, Somalia, where a German antiterrorist squad stormed the plane, killing 3 hijackers, arresting one and rescuing all passengers.
- On 19 February 1978, Larnaca Airport was the scene of the Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport: a 1-hour gun battle between Unit 777, an Egyptian military counter-terrorism force, who had raided Larnaca International, and the Cypriot National Guard.
The crisis had begun the previous day, when Youssef Sebai, editor of a prominent Egyptian newspaper and friend of Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat, was assassinated at the Nicosia Hilton hotel by two gunmen as he was preparing to address the Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization (AAPSO) conference being held at the hotel. The gunmen, a Jordanian and a Kuwaiti, opposed to the Sadat regime, took 50 hostages among the conference attendees, including two representatives of the PLO who happened to be attending the conference. Non-Arab delegates and women were released shortly. Yasser Arafat, with the Cypriot president's agreement, dispatched an unarmed force of 16 to assist with negotiations and any possible rescue operation.
Through negotiations with the Cypriot government, the two attackers were allowed to board a plane to escape with their 15 remaining hostages, including the two PLO hostages. They forced the plane to approach several countries including Libya and Syria but each time their request to land was refused, so after refueling in Djibouti, the plane was forced to return to Larnaca Airport. Egypt then dispatched its entire antiterrorist squad aboard a C-130 Hercules to deal with the hijacking; however, they did so without the knowledge or consent of the Cypriot government.
On landing in Larnaca, the commandos launched an all-out assault on the DC-8, even as Cypriot negotiators had secured the hostage-takers' surrender. Cypriot President Spyros Kyprianou and other senior officials observing the events on site were forced to retreat from the airport control tower after it was hit by bullets. Eventually the Egyptian commandos surrendered to the Cypriot forces. The two hijackers were persuaded by the British pilots to give up. The hostages exited the aircraft unharmed once the shooting was over. The Cypriots counted eight wounded. 15 members of the 74-man Egyptian Unit 777 died. President Kyprianou offered reconciliation and apologies, but maintained that Cyprus could not have allowed the Egyptians to act. Egypt and Cyprus each withdrew their diplomatic missions, and frosty relations between the two countries persisted for some time. The two hijackers were condemned to death by a Cypriot court, but the sentence was commuted by Kyprianou and the hijackers released.[16][17][18][19] - On 5 April 1988, Kuwait Airways Flight 422, a Kuwait Airways Boeing 747, was hijacked, while en route from Thailand to Kuwait. After forcing the plane to fly to Iran, the hijackers forced the crew to fly the plane further west to Algeria, but the plane landed in Larnaca for refuelling. Two Kuwaiti hostages were executed by the hijackers and their bodies were thrown out on the airport's runway. The hijacking ended in Algeria on 20 April 1988.[20]
- On 14 August 2005, Helios Airways Flight 522, a Helios Airways Boeing 737-300, flying from Larnaca to Prague via Athens, crashed into a mountain near Grammatiko, about 40 km (25 mi) from Athens. All 121 on board were killed.
- As a result of the 2006 Lebanon War, the Lebanese airline Middle East Airlines evacuated its fleet to Larnaca.
- Also as a result of the 2006 Lebanon War, a Canadian military aircraft carrying Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Canadian citizens fleeing the war, landed in Larnaca. Cyprus served as a safe haven for many nationals during the crisis. The Prime Minister was coming home from a visit to Afghanistan but landed in Larnaka to pick up Canadians who had been evacuated from Lebanon, and took them back to Canada.
- On 28 August 2007, three construction workers were injured when a complete 5 m × 40 m (16 ft × 131 ft) concrete floor collapsed at the construction site for the new passenger terminal.[21][22]
References
- ^ "Passenger Traffic". Hermes Airports. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ a b "EAD Basic". Ead.eurocontrol.int. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ Larnaca Airport
- ^ "Foundation stone laid at new Larnaca Airport". Financial Mirror. 26 June 2006. Archived from the original on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 28 December 2006.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ "Official Website for Larnaka & Pafos International Airports". Cyprusairports.com.cy. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ CTC: Agreement between Hermes Airports and Cyprus Gov't for the development of airports- Report by the Cyprus Stock exchange. 11 July 2005 [1]
- ^ AIRPORTS: Anxious to improve visitors' first impressions – Financial Times 19 December 2006 [2][dead link]
- ^ Dron, Alan (20 June 2014). "Cyprus Airways quits London Heathrow Airport". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ http://airlineroute.net/2014/10/03/st-muclca-s15/
- ^ Germanwings begin Cologne/Bonn-Larnaca service from November
- ^ "Gulf Air Extens Kuwait - Istanbul Operation; Adds Larnaca Link in W14". Airline Route. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ Jet2.com begin Glasgow-Larnaca seasonal service from May 2015
- ^ "AirportShuttleBus.eu". AirportShuttleBus.eu. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ "Kapnos Airport Shuttle". Kapnos Airport Shuttle. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ "Terror and Triumph at Mogadishu". Time Magazine. 31 October 1977. Retrieved 12 February 2007.
- ^ "The 1798 Battle of Larnaca Airport, Cyprus, and UK diplomacy." The GLORIA Center, Global Research in International Affairs, IDC Herzliya, http://www.gloria-center.org/2009/06/dimitrakis-2009-06-07
- ^ Rescuing Nationals Abroad Through Military Coercion and Intervention on Grounds of Humanity by Ronzitti, Natalino (p.40–41), 1985, Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff, ISBN 90-247-3135-6
- ^ Political Terrorism: Theory, Tactics and Counter-Measures, by Grant Wardlow, (page 60), 1989, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521368413
- ^ "Murder and Massacre on Cyprus". Time Magazine. 6 March 1978. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
- ^ "Terrorism Nightmare on Flight 422 – Murder and zealotry meet in a jumbo jet", Time Magazine, Monday, 25 April 1988, [3]
- ^ "Hermes regrets accident at new Cyprus airport site". Financial Mirror. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ Hazou, Elias (30 August 2007). "Three injured in accident at new Larnaca airport site". Cyprus Mail. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
External links
