Jump to content

Saleen: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Not relevant to the information provided by the page.
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Undid revision 638385762 by Solo12gauge (talk) no reason to undo my submission at this point.
(8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}


'''Saleen Automotive''', commonly known as '''Saleen''', is an [[United States|American]] [[Automotive industry|manufacturer]] of specialty high-performance [[sports car]]s and high-performance automotive parts. Saleen is headquartered in [[Corona, California]], USA. On June 26, 2013 Saleen Automotive, Inc became [[public company|public]] through a [[reverse merger]]. It is listed on the [[OTC Bulletin Board]] and is controlled and majority owned by Saleen brand founder [[Steve Saleen]].<ref>http://biz.yahoo.com/e/130627/wsty8-k.html</ref>
'''Saleen Automotive''', commonly known as '''Saleen''', is an [[United States|American]] [[Automotive industry|manufacturer]] of specialty high-performance [[sports car]]s and high-performance automotive parts. Saleen is headquartered in [[Corona, California]], USA. On June 26, 2013 Saleen Automotive, Inc became [[public company|public]] through a [[reverse merger]] transaction with a publicly traded shell company owned by David Weiner, a marijuana pennystock financer. <ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-18/legal-pot-sets-off-penny-stock-frenzy.html</ref><ref> http://nypost.com/2014/12/12/sec-weed-wackers-sparked-growlife-fears/</ref>It is listed on the [[OTC Bulletin Board]] and is controlled and majority owned by Saleen brand founder [[Steve Saleen]].<ref>http://biz.yahoo.com/e/130627/wsty8-k.html</ref>

Saleen's flagship car is the [[Saleen S7]], introduced in 2000. The S7 was wholly built by Saleen and features a [[mid-engine]] design in a high-performance [[supercar]] package. It is also currently the only Saleen production car not based on an existing design or [[chassis]]. They stopped production of the S7 in 2009.
Saleen's flagship car is the [[Saleen S7]], introduced in 2000. The S7 was wholly built by Saleen and features a [[mid-engine]] design in a high-performance [[supercar]] package. It is also currently the only Saleen production car not based on an existing design or [[chassis]]. They stopped production of the S7 in 2009.


Revision as of 18:42, 16 December 2014

Saleen
Company typePublic Company
Template:OTCBB
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1983
FounderSteve Saleen
Headquarters
Corona, California
,
United States
ProductsAutomobile
BrandsMaxgrip, Powerflash, Racecraft, S4, Speedlab
Number of employees
80
WebsiteSaleen.com

Saleen Automotive, commonly known as Saleen, is an American manufacturer of specialty high-performance sports cars and high-performance automotive parts. Saleen is headquartered in Corona, California, USA. On June 26, 2013 Saleen Automotive, Inc became public through a reverse merger transaction with a publicly traded shell company owned by David Weiner, a marijuana pennystock financer. [1][2]It is listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and is controlled and majority owned by Saleen brand founder Steve Saleen.[3]

Saleen's flagship car is the Saleen S7, introduced in 2000. The S7 was wholly built by Saleen and features a mid-engine design in a high-performance supercar package. It is also currently the only Saleen production car not based on an existing design or chassis. They stopped production of the S7 in 2009.

Saleen currently manufactures the S302 (Mustang-based), S620 (Camaro-based), the S570 (Challenger-based), the ST (Tesla Model S-based) and most recently have announced that they are in development of a new Saleen supercar, a successor to the S7 supercar (currently dubbed the S8).[4]

History

1980s

The Saleen brand was established in 1983 originally as Saleen Autosport by Steve Saleen, a former Formula Atlantic race car driver. The 1st Saleen wasn't produced until 1984 though when they built 3 cars as the first production run - a white hatchback, a copper glow hatchback, and a black hatchback. In 1984, Saleen Autosport became Saleen Performance, Incorporated.

In 1985, Steve Saleen put the first certified supercharger on a production Saleen Mustang. This car was delivered to Nault Ford in Manchester, NH and was the first use of a centrifugal supercharger on the late model Mustang.[5]

In 1986, the Saleen made its entry into the Sport Car Club of America Race Series with a race prepped version of the Saleen Mustang.[6] A notable win that year at the grueling 24 Hours of Mosport was the catalyst for Saleen vehicles becoming heavily involved in motorsport throughout the rest of the 1980s.

1990s

By 1990, in response to increased aftermarket parts demand, Saleen established Saleen Performance Parts as an independent operation.

In 1994, Saleen debuted the S351 which touted a Saleen built 351ci engine.[7] Despite the Mustang GT changing to the modular V8 in 1996, Saleen continued with development of their own EPA-certified 351W engine.[8]

In 1995, Steve Saleen teamed up with comedian Tim Allen and formed the Saleen-Allen “RRR” Speedlab race team.

In 1997, Saleen branched out from producing only Mustang based vehicles and introduced a Saleen Contour concept and an SUV, the Saleen XP8 Explorer.

In the late 1990s, the company was restructured and became Saleen, Inc..

2000s

In 2000, Saleen introduced their flagship vehicle, the Saleen S7 supercar. The S7 is a mid-engine, high-performance sports car that was initially priced at just under US$400,000. The S7 won four different GT championships in 2001 and has broken records at the prestigious 24-Hour Le Mans race. The S7 was Saleen's only production car not based on an existing design or chassis.

In 2001, Saleen moved its production facilities to a new 100,000 square foot facility in Irvine, CA, USA.[9]

In 2002, Saleen was awarded the assembly and paint contract for the new Ford supercar, the Ford GT. This effectively made Saleen a Tier 1 supplier to Ford Motor Company.[10]

In 2003, Saleen set up a special manufacturing and licensing agreement for distribution of Saleen vehicles in Canada.[11]

In 2004, Saleen expanded its operations and manufacturing to an additional 203,000 square foot facility in Troy, MI, USA. The new $15M production facility included a high-tech paint facility and assembly line where Saleen produced the Ford GT under contract from Ford Motor Company.[12]

In 2005, global distribution was expanded to include Japan under a new partnership with a Tokyo based importer.[13]

In 2006, Saleen opens its first own branded retail store in an outdoor shopping center in Southern California. The showroom was described as a unique shopping experience for Saleen vehicles, parts, and apparel.[14]

In 2007, Saleen began working with Chrysler and supplied all the paint work for the new Dodge Viper.[15]

2010s

In 2013, Saleen entered into a merger that resulted in Saleen being a publically traded company.[16] Later that year it was announced that the Saleen operations, manufacturing, R&D, and paint facilities would be consolidated to an expansive four acre campus in Southern California.[17]

In 2014, Saleen entered into an agreement to expand vehicle distribution to include China.[18] In August 2014, Saleen unveiled an all-electric performance model, the FOURSIXTEEN.[19]

Products

Current Models

Saleen 302 Mustang Saleen 570 Challenger Saleen 620 Camaro Saleen ST
Engine 302 ci (5.0 L) V-8 345 ci (5.7L) Hemi V-8 376 ci (6.2L) V-8 Three phase, four pole AC induction motor with copper rotor
Horsepower 440-625 hp 400-575 hp 450-625 hp 376-691 hp
Torque 400-536 lb-ft 425-565 lb-ft 430-592 lb-ft 362-687 lb-ft
Curb weight 3,618 lb (1,641 kg) 3,834 lb (1,739 kg) 3,860 lb (1,750 kg) 4,647 lb (2,108 kg)
Saleen 302 Mustang
File:Saleen 570 Challenger black label.JPG
Saleen 570 Challenger
File:Saleen 620 rear shot.jpg
Saleen 620 Camaro
Saleen FOURSIXTEEN at Concours d'Elegance 2014

Legacy Models

Decade Production Car Series Race Specific Cars
1980

Saleen Mustang (1984-1989)
SA-5 (1988)
SporTruck (1988)
SSC (1989)

R Model (1985-1988)
R Model SporTruck (1987-1989)

1990

Saleen Mustang (1990-1993)
Saleen SC (1990-1993)
SporTruck (1992)
SA-10 (1993)
S351 (1994-1999)
Saleen SR (1994-1998)
S281 (1996-1999)
XP (1998-1999)
SA-15 (1998)

R Model SporTruck (1987-1991)
R Model (1993)
Saleen SR (1995-1999)

2000

S281 (2000-2009)
Saleen SR (2000-2001)
XP (2000-2001)
Saleen S7 (2001, 2003-2006)
SA-20 (2003)
S121 Focus (2004-2005)
Ford GT (2005-2006)
S331 F-150 (2007-2008)
S302 (2008-2009)
SMS 25th Anniversary (2008)
S570 Challenger (2009)

Saleen SR (2000, 2002)
Saleen S7R (2000-2007)

2010

S302 (2010-Current)
S570 Challenger (2010-Current)
435S (2010)
S281 S/C (2010)
SMS 460 (2010)
S620 Camaro (2012-Current)
SA-30 (2013)
S351 (2013)
FOURSIXTEEN (2014)
ST (2014-Current)


Special Vehicles

These are special vehicles made by Saleen, that were either non-production models, concept vehicles, or non-serialized versions.

Year Model Description
1986 Ford Tempo Concept
1988 Special Service Saleens This was a run of 14 vehicles that Saleen built for Damerow Ford, in Beaverton, Oregon. The dealership purchased the vehicles as Special Service Vehicles for law enforcement. Rather than selling them to the state, Damerow sent them to Saleen.[20]
1989-1990 California Edition GT by Saleen Non-serialized
1989 Seal Beach Police Car In 1989, Saleen was approached by the Long Beach Police Department to create a vehicle that had the power, suspension, and braking that would give them an edge in pursuits. Only one car was ever made.[21]
1989 Eagle One Giveaway Cars Also in 1989, Eagle One purchased two special-order Saleen hatchbacks that it used as promotional vehicles. One was given away to a randomly picked customer, the other to the highest-selling employee of the Chief Auto Parts chain.[22]
1992-1993 GT Sport by Steve Saleen Non-serialized
1993 RRR This was a one-off S302 that was built for actor, comedian, and Saleen driver Tim Allen.
1994 V -6 Sport by Steve Saleen In 1994, Saleen wanted to offer an "entry level" car that combined traditional Saleen equipment with a less-expensive powerplant. This model came with a supercharged V-6 that was rated at 220 hp.
1996 Ford Windstar The Saleen Windstar was another one-off vehicle built special for Tim Allen.
1999 Ford Contour Concept
2003-2004 Saleen/Bonspeed Thunderbird Bonspeed and Saleen teamed up to build a special edition Thunderbird. Only three were produced before the project was canceled.
2004 Ford Mustang GT-R The Ford Mustang GT-R Concept was produced by Saleen Special Vehicles in Troy, Michigan.
2007 Bumblebee and Barricade Saleen was responsible for build both the hero car, Bumblebee, and the villain car, Barricade, for the movie, Transformers.
2007-2008 Harley Davidson Edition Ford F-150 Saleen Troy produced the HD F-150 S/C for Ford Motor Company. The Supercharged option features a Saleen Series VI supercharger, a dual stage water-to-air intercooler, 39 lb. fuel injectors, a high flow inlet tube, Saleen “Powerflash” performance calibration, and a performance air filter.
2008-2009 Sleeper GT S/C The Sleeper Edition program was a means to liquidate Mustang GTs that were for Gurney conversion. These were Vista Blue and Performance White coupes.
2007-2008 S5 Raptor This was a concept vehicle intended as a competitor to the Lamborghini Gallardo as well as a follow-on project to the Ford GT. Priced below $200k, the Saleen S5S Raptor was positioned to compete with the best entry level exotics from Ferrari, Lamborghini and Aston Martin.

Saleen Performance Parts

The aftermarket parts department of the company markets car parts and accessories such as custom wheels, exhaust systems, brakes, and other high-performance parts.

  • Superchargers
    • Series I - This was the first supercharger system created by Saleen. It was engineered with an Eaton Roots-type supercharger in 1998.[23]
    • Series II - Launched in 2001, the Series II supercharger was a newer generation Eaton M90 roots-type.[24]
    • Series III - This was a larger version of the Eaton supercharger. Going from 90 ci of displacement to 112 ci.
    • Series IV - The Series IV switched from a roots-type supercharger to a twin screw-type. This version had 1.6L of displacement.
    • Series V - This marked the first forced-induction system developed entirely in-house by Saleen and designed around Lysholm-sourced compressor screws with 2.3L of displacement.[25]
    • Series VI - This was very similar to the Series V supercharger with added boost pressure producing more horsepower. This supercharger system was available in versions for the 2005-2009 Ford Mustang, the 2004-2008 Ford F-150 5.4L truck, Ford Expedition, Lincoln Mark LT, and Lincoln Navigator.
    • Saleen Shakercharger - A ram-air intake system for the Ford Mustang incorporating the Saleen Series VI supercharger with a functional hood scoop system borrowing its appearance from the S302PJ. This product was the result of design collaboration among Saleen's engineering interns in 2007 and 2008.
  • iPod adapter - a factory-installed option that was available across all of Saleen's products line that provides for an integrated iPod connection to the radio head unit. Saleen also offered this option as an aftermarket-installed product through their Speedlabs division.
  • 2005-2009 Mustang HID headlamps - OEM, DOT approved bi-xenon headlamps offered by Saleen that fit 2005-2009 Mustangs. As of early 2007, these were the only OEM-grade, street-legal HID headlamps available for the Ford Mustang
  • Saleen Mustang Scenic Roof[26] - Available across Saleen's mustang-based products, this comprises a glass full-roof panel that replaces the traditional mustang coupe roof in lieu of a sunroof option. The scenic roof was manufactured from tempered laminate glass and fully certified according to U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) standards.
    • Frost Touch Scenic Roof - This is a version of the scenic roof that contains Smart glass. This glass has the ability to change from clear to opaque by flipping a switch.
  • Watt's Link - Developed in 2007, Saleen designed a version of the popular Watt's link for 2005-2009 Ford Mustangs.

Colorlab Automotive Paints

During the development of the Saleen SR in year 1995, Saleen formed a strategic partnership with BASF that resulted in the development of unique paint color formulations coupled with advertising centered around Saleen products. During this time, the Saleen paint color "Mystic" was formulated which gave the color a chameleoon-like effect.[27] Shortly after, an updated color called "Rainbow" was released as an evolved version of the "Mystic" color which gave a more chameleon-like effect by displaying more color changes.

Since this time, the Saleen paint color Liztick Red Metallic, named for Steve's wife, Elizabeth, was developed along with eleven more colors, including two named for Steve's daughter, Molly Saleen, Mollypop Pink and Chrome Molly. Other Saleen exclusive colors include Plum Insane Metallic, Burnout Black Pearl, Tire Smoke White Pearl, Sour Apple Green Metallic, Orange County Orange Metallic, Maliblue Metallic, Speedlab Yellow, Shark Skin Metallic, and Beryllium Copper Metallic.

In 2014, Saleen signed and agreement that made BASF the exclusive paint supplier for Saleen.[28]

Motorsport

Saleen S7R driven by Sascha Bert

Saleen's birth year of 1984 also marked the first year that a Saleen Mustang was entered into a race, when owner, Steve Saleen, introduced the first streetcar, the Saleen Mustang, and raced it at Sears Point Raceway, California.

In 1986, Saleen enters the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) Endurance Series with a race prepared version of the Saleen Mustang, winning the grueling 24 Hours of Mosport, Canada with a sponsorship from General Tire.

1987 brought an SCCA Drivers' Championship to Saleen. The Saleen 3-car team with drivers Steve Saleen, Parnelli Jones, and George Follmer also captured the Team, Manufacturer, and Tire Championships, with sponsorship from General Tire. Saleen entered the SCCA Endurance Series with an all-female driving team including Desire Wilson and Lisa Cacares who obtained the team's 1st victory of the season at Sears Point, California. Saleen Autosport also entered a General Tire backed, Ford Ranger-based, Saleen Sportruck in the SCCA Race Truck Challenge, where they captured two wins.

In 1988, the Saleen race team finished 1st, 2nd, and 3rd at 24 Hours of Mosport for the third consecutive win and gives Ford its first 1-2-3 finish since LeMans in the late 1960s.

1989 was a busy year for the Saleen race team. They entered the PPG Indy Car World Series with a team backed by Montgomery Ward. Saleen Mustangs and Sportrucks also continued their winning campaigns in SCCA Competition with General Tire sponsorship.

In 1990, Saleen entered the SCCA Trans-Am series with a Saleen Mustang backed by General Tire.

Adding to their wins, in 1991 Saleen won the SCCA Race Truck championship with five victories in six races which moved Saleen into a tie for the most victories in the series (49) and the Manufacturers' Championship. Owner and driver, Steve Saleen, campaigned the Trans-Am series with Saleen Mustang with sponsorship from Champion Batteries.

Saleen returned to SCCA Endurance competition in 1993 with a supercharged Saleen in the World Challenge Series.

In 1995, Saleen formed the Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab with Tim Allen. The team of Steve Saleen, Tim Allen, and Bob Bondurant set new track records and won the final race of the SCCA World Challenge series.

For 1996, The Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab, with teammates Steve Saleen and Tim Allen won the SCCA Manufacturers’ Championship with the SR Widebody Saleen Mustang. Saleen also won at Watkins Glen International Raceway.

In 1997, Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab competed at 24 Hours of Le Mans for the first time, marking the Mustang's first return in over 30 years. Saleen also clinched the SCCA Manufacturers’ Championship title for the third time.

1998 brought more wins for the Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab. The team won both the SCCA Manufacturers' and Drivers' Championship titles.

Come 1999, an ex-LeMans Saleen SR won the Spanish FIA GT championship.

In 2000, Saleen competed in the inaugural Grand American Road Racing season, Saleen captured the Drivers' Championship and clinched the Manufacturers' and Team Championships in the season finale at Watkins Glen International Raceway. Saleen customer cars participated in the Speedvision World Challenge—earning a victory at Lime Rock Park.

For the 2001 race season, the racing version of the S7, the Saleen S7R, was introduced. The S7R dominated racetracks during its inaugural season. Saleen S7R customer teams won four Drivers’ Championships in four different series (American LeMans, European LeMans, Grand Am, and Spanish GT). Teams driving the S7R achieved 19 wins out of 32 races including the 12 Hours of Sebring. The S7R grabbed 27 poles and set 27 fastest laps, at many tracks, including the prestigious 24 Hours of LeMans.

2002 brought more victories for the S7R. Customer teams continued to operate in four series (American LeMans, Grand Am, British GT, and Spanish GT) winning 18 out of 40 races, three Drivers’ Championships, and several more Team and Manufacturers' Championships. It also won 21 poles and set 23 fastest laps.

In 2004, while Europe watched, the Saleen S7R captured the 1st place win at Imola, Italy, beating home-track favorites Ferrari, Maserati, and Lamborghini, and the debuting Maserati MC-12.

In 2006 the Saleen/Oreca Race Team drove the S7 race version and captured the fastest lap and took the victory at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. Saleen also began support of formula race teams in Europe. S7 racecars and spare parts were donated to the effort of trying to win on the European circuit.

OEM Development

Beginning in 2002 and at the request of Ford Motor Company, Saleen was highly instrumental in the design, development and assembly of the Ford GT.

Beginning with the 2007 model year, the Saleen-designed 450 hp (340 kW) supercharger kit in the F-150-based S331 was offered by Ford as a ship-through Ford-endorsed performance option on Harley Davidson Edition F150s.

At the 2007 New York International Auto Show, Chip Foose unveiled a Ford-endorsed limited edition F150, powered by the Saleen-designed powertrain used on the Saleen S331SC.

Media appearances

Movies & Film

Saleen Vehicles have appeared in the following:[29]

Video Games

Saleen Vehicles have appeared in the following:[34]

Saleen Mustang on the cover of Midnight Club: Los Angeles
Saleen S7 on the cover of Supercar Street Challenge

Trivia

In 1985, Steve Saleen's secretary miscounted the vehicles produced that year, omitting vehicle number 6 as a result of confusing it with 9. Since 1985, Saleen has had the tradition of not issuing the #6 bumper number on any of its vehicles. Sometimes, a Mustang equipped with a Saleen aftermarket bodykit will bear 6 as its bumper number, signifying it as a "Fake" Saleen Mustang.

In keeping with the family name of founder Steve Saleen, the company’s name is pronounced /səˈliːn/ sə-LEEN,[35] rhyming with "machine".

References

  1. ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-18/legal-pot-sets-off-penny-stock-frenzy.html
  2. ^ http://nypost.com/2014/12/12/sec-weed-wackers-sparked-growlife-fears/
  3. ^ http://biz.yahoo.com/e/130627/wsty8-k.html
  4. ^ http://www.autoblog.com/2013/11/27/saleen-hints-at-upcoming-s8-supercar
  5. ^ http://www.paxtonauto.com/article.php?id=7
  6. ^ http://www.saleenclubofamerica.com/library/history-heritage#timeline
  7. ^ http://www.bryanweatherup.com/Saleen.html
  8. ^ http://www.mustang50magazine.com/featuredvehicles/4290_saleen_mustang_buildup/index.html
  9. ^ http://www.circletrack.com/newsletters/ctrp_0202_ford_contour/saleen.html
  10. ^ http://soec.org/a-legend-returns/
  11. ^ http://soec.org/saleen-announces-canadian-manufacturing-facility/
  12. ^ http://articles.latimes.com/2004/aug/21/business/fi-saleen21
  13. ^ http://soec.org/saleen-enters-japanese-market/
  14. ^ http://www.mustangworld.com/ourpics/News/saleenstore06/saleenstore.htm
  15. ^ http://jalopnik.com/283700/the-2008-dodge-viper-paint-job-by-steve-saleen
  16. ^ http://biz.yahoo.com/e/130627/wsty8-k.html
  17. ^ http://soec.org/saleen-automotive-announces-expansion-creates-four-acre-campus/
  18. ^ https://finance.yahoo.com/news/saleen-automotive-announces-agreement-distribute-131500716.html
  19. ^ http://media.saleen.com/2014/08/foursixteen/
  20. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 73. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  21. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 85. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  22. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 86. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  23. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 188. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 216. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  25. ^ Bowling, Brad (2004). The Saleen Book. Concord, NC: Driveway Books. p. 227. ISBN 978-0974843100. Retrieved July 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  26. ^ http://jalopnik.com/133800/saleen-unveils-scenic-roof-speedster-mustangs
  27. ^ http://www.soec.org/fastlanes/fl-vol3_issue1.pdf
  28. ^ http://www.todaysmotorvehicles.com/saleen-basf-car-colors-paint-52014.aspx
  29. ^ http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?make=Saleen&model=&page=1
  30. ^ "2008 Transformers Saleen S281E Decepticon "Barricade"".
  31. ^ Transformers: Inside the Cars and Trucks by Inside Line.
  32. ^ http://www.imcdb.org/vehicle_96536-Saleen-Mustang-1989.html
  33. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdOSjGguQBg
  34. ^ http://www.igcd.net/vehicles.php?resultsStyle=asImages&make=Saleen&width=1920
  35. ^ http://saleen.com/media.html
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saleen vehicles.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saleen&oldid=638386833"