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-{{see also|Korean architecture}}
-{{Infobox Korean name
-| img     = Area west of Bukchon Hanok Village D.JPG
-| caption = Hanoks at [[Bukchon Hanok Village|Bukchon]] in [[Seoul]].
-| hangul  = 한옥
-| hanja   = 韓屋
-| rr      = hanok
-| mr      = hanok
-}}
-'''Hanok''' is a term to describe [[Korean architecture|Korean traditional houses]]. Korean architecture lends consideration to the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought given to the land and seasons.
-The interior structure of the house is also planned accordingly. This principle is called ''Baesanimsu'' ({{lang-ko|배산임수}}; [[Hanja]]:背山臨水), literally meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back and a river in the front. Baesanimsu utilizes the ''[[ondol]]'' heated rock system, a heating system unique to South Korea,<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Donald|title=Culture and Customs of Korea|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313304564|page=94|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=1VL_4bOmv4oC&pg=PA94&dq=ondol+heating+system&hl=ko&sa=X&ei=4g9YUrX9JKiZiQeM3oCICw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ondol%20heating%20system&f=false}}</ref>  during cold winters and a wide ''daecheong'' (대청) front porch for keeping the house cool during hot summers.
-Houses differ according to region. In the cold northern regions of Korea, houses are built in a closed square form to retain heat better. In the central regions, houses are 'L' shaped. Houses in the southernmost regions of Korea are built in an open 'I' form. Houses can also be classified according to class and social status.<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?gmasterno=740893&contentno=740893 |script-title=ko:한옥 韓屋|publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|language=Korean |accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref>
-==History==
-[[File:Danwon-Giwa.igi.jpg|thumb|''Giwa'' (기와) drawn by [[Danwon]]]]
-A hanok is a Korean house  which was developed in [[Korean Peninsula]] and [[Manchuria]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mignon|first=Olivier|title=세계의 모든 집 이야기|trans_title=Story of House|year=2008|isbn=9788996029984}}</ref>
-'''Early Time'''
-[[Paleolithic]] stayed in the cave or made temporary house. In [[Neolithic]] era, the temporary house developed into a [[dugout hut]]. They dug the ground with small shovel and built small house which used [[rafter]], [[column]]. Woods was used for rafter and column, straw was used for roof. In [[Bronze Age]], there were several columns in the house, so the area of house was extended rather than neolithic house. [[Iron Age]]'s house had [[Ondol]] so house had heating system from that time. The house also used Giwa, a kind of roofing tile which was made with baked soil. By using [[Giwa]] roof tile, hanok got to have its own specific shape.
-'''The time of enlightenment'''
-After or during the time of enlightenment, lots of foreginers visited, stayed and lived in Korea. For this reason, [[Christianity]] was peppered throughout in Korea. Especially, [[Anglicanism]], [[Catholic]] tried to be naturalized. So they built their church using Korean traditional architecture. This church is located in [[Ganghwa County]], [[Jincheon County]], [[Cheongju]].
-'''South Korea'''
-[[File:Korea-Samcheok-Gulpijip-Bark shingled house-01.jpg|thumb|Korean traditional Bark shingled house, ''Neowajib'' or ''Gulpijip'' (굴피집) in [[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Gangwon Province]].]]
-[[File:Korea Jeongseon Traditional Market Train 27 (14202263057).jpg|thumb|Interior of a traditional house at [[Jeongseon County]], Gangwon Province.]]
-From the 1970s, the old architects learned today's architecture, they aware hanok as an old day's antiquated and inefficient architecture and demolished a lot of hanoks of historical value have been disappeared. In big cities of South Korea, only small clusters of hanoks remain. However, the value of hanok has been highlited from the 2000s the efficient of hanok's eco-friendly function and healing effectiveness has been emphasized. Today, the number of people who tries to move in hanok is growing rapidly to cure the diseases such as atopy, asthma which are mainly caused by environment.  Recently, many other places try to follow the designs like hanok's gentility such as in public places;bathroom, signs and even private places;cafe.
-Today, some train stations are built in hanok design. ([[Jeonju]] station is famous)
-'''North Korea'''
-In Gaesung, the traditional hanoks are originally there and take a role sort of tourist attraction. Kiwajibs are surrounding the hanoks.
-'''China'''
-In northeast China, hanoks also can be found and Koreans are living in hanoks building for themselves over 100 years. Also, from 2010, people are on project making hanok village in [[Heilongjiang]], China.
-==Term==
-[[File:Interior of a traditional Korean house.JPG|thumb|Interior of a traditional house at the [[National Folk Museum of Korea]]]]
-According to old paper about house in April 23 of 1907, the terms that '''Hanok''' appeared on the history for the first time. In that paper, Hanok was figure out the specific region where [[Jeong-dong]]road, from [[Donuimun]] to Baejae school. At that time, instead of using Hanok, terms like 'Jooga'(It means living houses), 'Jaetaek'(It means all kinds of house) were used widespread. So 'Hanok' was only used special circumstance when latest house was built in somewhere.
-When era of [[Korea under Japanese rule]], the ruler used terms such as 'Jooga' or 'Joseon House' when they were talking about [[house improvement]]. There was a record about hanok, however the specific terms of hanok, hasn't used prevalently.
-The specific word, Hanbok, appeared on [[Samsung]] Korean big dictionary in 1975, it defined as antonym of [[western house]] and of [[Joseon]] house, house of Korean style. After the 1970s, with urban development lots of [[Apartment]], [[Row House]] was built in South Korea, a big number of Hanoks deappeared in every town. From that time, hanok only called Korean traditional house.<ref>{{cite web|title=한옥용어의 등장|url=http://blog.naver.com/city_style/60065290111|publisher=Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.}}</ref>
-A broad sense of hanok refer [[Thatching]], Neowa-jib(a shingle-roofed house), Giwa-jib(tile-roofed house) though, general meaning of hanok means only Giwa-jib(tile-roofed house) in Korea.<ref>{{cite book|last=이|first=상현|title=즐거운 한옥 읽기, 즐거운 한옥 짓기|year=2007|publisher=그물코|page=18}}</ref>
-==Characteristics==
-[[File:순천 송광사 하사당 01.jpg|thumb|Hasadang Hall located in [[Suncheon]], [[South Jeolla Province]] was built in 1461.]]
-The environment-friendly aspects of traditional Korean houses range from the structure's inner layout to the building materials which were used. Another unique feature of traditional houses is their special design for cooling the interior in  summer and heating the interior in winter.
-Since Korea has hot summers and cold winters, the '[[Ondol]] (Gudeul),' a floor-based heating system,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ondol (Under-floor Heating System)|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/AC/AC_EN_4_5_2_5.jsp|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=17 November 2013}}</ref> and 'Daecheong,' a cool wooden-floor style hall were devised long ago to help Koreans survive the frigid winters and to block sunlight during summer. These primitive types of heating and air-conditioning were so effective that they are still in use in many homes today. The posts, or  'Daedulbo' are not inserted into the ground, but are fitted into the cornerstones to keep Hanok safe from earthquakes.
-==Materials==
-[[File:KOCIS Hanok (6387715325).jpg|thumb|Hanoks in [[Seoul]]]]
-The raw materials used in Hanok, such as soil, timber, and rock, are all natural and recyclable and do not cause pollution. Hanok's have their own tiled roofs (Giwa), wooden beams and stone-block construction. Cheoma is the edge of Hanok's curvy roofs. The lengths of the Cheoma can be adjusted to control the amount of sunlight that enters the house. Hanji (Korean traditional paper) is lubricated with bean oil making it waterproof and polished. Windows and doors made with Hanji are beautiful and breathable.
-==Regional differences==
-[[File:Inside a Hanok.JPG|thumb|A Numaru is a traditional Korean balcony-like raised veranda. It is often distinguished from a larger living room by a plinth, a partial enclosure, and low-to-the-floor furniture.]]
-The shapes of Hanok differ regionally. Due to the warmer weather in the southern region, Koreans built Hanok in a straight line, like the number 1. In order to allow good wind circulation, there are open wooden floored living area and many windows. The shape of the most popular Hanok in the central region is like letter "L" or Korean letter "ㄱ", an architectural mixture of the shapes in the northern and the southern regions. Hanoks in the cold northern region, are box-shaped like Korean letter "ㅁ" so that it would be able to block the wind flow in building Hanoks. They do not have an open wooden floored area but the rooms are all joined together.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Layout of a Hanok|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/AC/AC_EN_4_5_2_2.jsp|publisher=Korean Tourism Organization|accessdate=17 November 2013}}</ref>
-==Differences according to social class==
-The structure of Hanok is also classified according to social class. Typical the houses of [[yangban]] (upper class), [[Jungin]] (middle class) and urban commoners with ''giwa'' (tiled roof) emphasized not only the function of the house, but also possess great aesthetic value. On the other hand, the houses of the provincial commoners (as well as some impoverished yangban) with ''choga'' (a roof plaited by rice straw) were built in a more strictly functional manner.
-==Preservation==
-Many hanoks have been preserved, such as:
-*[[Bukchon Hanok Village]], a residential quarter in Central Seoul<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Hyung-eun|title=Historic Bukchon besieged by tourists, businesses|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2962405|accessdate=17 November 2012|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=16 November 2012}}</ref>
-*[[Namsangol Hanok Village]] in [[Pil-dong]] neighborhood of [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] in Seoul
-*[[Hahoe Folk Village]], a traditional village from the [[Joseon Dynasty]] located in [[Andong]], [[Gyeongsangbuk-do]].
-*[[Yangdong Folk Village]], a traditional village from the [[Joseon Dynasty]] in [[Gyeongju]], [[Gyeongsangbuk-do]], [[South Korea]], along the [[Hyeongsan River]].
-* [[Korean Folk Village]], a [[tourist attraction]] in the city of [[Yongin]], [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]]
-* [[Jeonju Hanok Village]], located in [[Jeonju]], [[Jeollabuk-do]] is one of the largest Hanok districts in Korea with over 800 hanok houses.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264285|title = Jeonju Hanok Village [Slow City]|date = |accessdate = |website = 대한민국구석구석 행복여행(happy travel in Korea)|publisher = 한국관광공사(Korean Tourism Organization)|last = |first = }}</ref>
-[[Gahoe-dong]] and [[Gye-dong]] in [[Jongno-gu]], [[Seoul]], is home to many hanoks, that have been remodeled into cafe, restaurant and teahouses.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bukchon streets lure folks with rustic charm and retro cool|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2932861|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=2 March 2011|author=Yoo Sun-young|author2=Hannah Kim}}</ref>
-==Myth related to Hanok==
-Sungjosin, Samshinhalmi (one who gives birth to women), [[Kitchen God]] etc. believed by people that there are different kinds of gods related to the house of each enrollment. This belife is shared with the religion of the [[Ainu people|Ainu]].
-== See also ==
-*[[Choga (architecture)]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-{{Commons category}}
-*{{ko icon}} [http://www.hanok.org/ Hanok Cultural center]
-*[http://www.koreasociety.org/dmdocuments/2009-07-16-doojin.mp3 Korea Society Podcast: Architect Doojin Hwang speaks about the rebirth of the Hanok]
-*[http://www.pem.org/library/collections/offen The Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum]
-[[Category:Korean architecture]]
-[[Category:Korean words and phrases]]
-[[Category:Houses in Korea| ]]
-[[Category:Houses in North Korea| ]]
-[[Category:Houses in South Korea| ]]
-[[Category:House types]]
-[[Category:Korean culture]]
-[[Category:Vernacular architecture]]