Republic of Connacht: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Irish Republic (1798)]] |
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{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}} |
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{{Infobox Former Country |
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|conventional_long_name = Provisional Government of the Province of Connacht<br><small>''Rialtas Sealadach Chúige Connachta''</small> |
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|common_name = Republic of Connacht |
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|continent = Europe |
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|region = British Isles |
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|country = Ireland |
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|era = Revolutionary Wars |
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|status = Client state |
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|status_text = [[French client republic|French Directory client state]] |
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|empire = France |
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|government_type = Republic |
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|language = [[Irish language|Irish]], English |
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|event_start = [[Battle of Castlebar|Establishment]] |
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|year_start = 1798 |
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|date_start = 27 August |
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|event_end = [[Battle of Ballinamuck|Dissolution]] |
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|year_end = 1798 |
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|date_end = 8 September |
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|p1 = Kingdom of Ireland |
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|flag_p1 = Flag_President_of_Ireland.svg |
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|s1 = Kingdom of Ireland |
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|flag_s1 = Flag_President_of_Ireland.svg |
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|image_flag = Flag of Connacht.svg |
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|flag = List of Irish flags |
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|flag_type = Flag of the Province of Connacht |
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|capital = [[Castlebar]], [[County Mayo]] (''de facto'') |
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|leader1 = [[John Moore (Irish politician)|John Moore]] |
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|today = {{flagu|Ireland}} |
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}} |
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The '''Irish Republic''', more commonly referred to as the '''Republic of Connacht''' (sometimes spelt Connaught), was a short-lived [[French client republic]] established by the [[French Revolutionary Army]] and [[Society of United Irishmen|United Irishmen]] during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]].<ref>Beiner, Guy, ''Remembering the Year of the French: Irish Folk History and Social Memory'', University of Wisconsin Press (2007) ISBN 0-299-21824-4 p. 6</ref><ref name="mayo-ireland">{{cite web |url=http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/Mayo/History/H16to18.htm |title=County Mayo: An Outline History; Part 3 – 1600 to 1800 |publisher=Mayo Ireland}}</ref> It lasted for about 12 days, from 27 August to 8 September, and comprised the northern part of the [[Provinces of Ireland|province]] of [[Connacht]] in Ireland. |
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==Proclamation== |
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Below is an excerpt from the proclamation of [[Jean Joseph Amable Humbert|General Jean Humbert]], the French General who led the French and Irish armed forces in the short-lived Republic. The proclamation was made on 22 August 1798, the day the General first landed in [[County Mayo]], Ireland:<ref>[http://www.iol.ie/~fagann/1798/conaught.htm Diary of an expedition Humbert's army of Ireland 1798] 1798 Ireland Website]</ref> |
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{{quotation| |
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LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, UNION – |
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After several unsuccessful attempts, behold at last Frenchmen arrived amongst you... |
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Brave Irishmen, our cause is common. Like you we hold as indefeasible the right of all nations to liberty. Like you we are persuaded that the peace of the world shall ever be troubled as long as the British ministry is suffered to make with impunity a traffic of the industry and blood of the people . . . |
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Union, Liberty, the Irish Republic! Such is our shout. Let us march. Our hearts are devoted to you; our glory is in your happiness.}} |
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The above decree refers to an Irish Republic, not a Republic of Connacht. Hence, strictly speaking, it appears to be incorrect to refer to any formal establishment of a ''Republic of Connacht''. Instead, an ''Irish Republic'' had been proclaimed. On 31 August 1798, General Humbert proclaimed the establishment of a government for one of the provinces of the Irish Republic: Connacht. Humbert also chose [[John Moore (Irish politician)|John Moore]] as the President of the Government of the Province of Connacht. Nevertheless, as civil or political appointments were not made for any other province except Connacht, the ''Republic of Connacht'' is the name that has long been commonly used.<ref>Hogan, Patrick M., 'The Undoing of Citizen John Moore – President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Connacht, 1798', ''JOURNAL OF THE COUNTY GALWAY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY'', VOL XXXVIII, 59–72.</ref> |
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==Overview== |
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[[File:Connacht locator map.svg|thumb|250px|At its height the northern parts of today's Connacht were under the control of the republic]] |
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There was little effective government, given the state's brief and troubled existence. Whether it was ever recognised by France is unknown: the French supported the United Irish who aimed to establish an island-wide republic. Some of the main events in the short lived Republic were the following: |
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* the [[Battle of Castlebar]] on 27 August 1798, in which the French and Irish forces defeated the British forces in the town of [[Castlebar]] |
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* the establishment of a Government of the Province of Connacht on 31 August 1798 with John Moore as its President |
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* the [[Battle of Ballinamuck]] on 8 September 1798, in which the French and Irish were effectively defeated and the French forces surrendered |
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* the [[Battle of Killala]] on 23 September 1798 when rebels, having made a last stand against General Trench and the British forces, were finally defeated |
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Although achieving a spectacular victory at Castlebar, the losses of the French and Irish were high. They lost approximately 150 men, mostly to the cannonade at the start of the battle. The British suffered over 350 casualties of which about 80 were killed, the rest either wounded or captured, including perhaps 150 who joined the rebels. Following the victory, thousands of volunteers flocked to join the French, who also sent a request to France for reinforcements. |
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Ultimately defeated by [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Cornwallis]] at the Battle of Ballinamuck, the republic ceased to exist and the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] was later absorbed into the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] in 1801. |
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Though seemingly an anecdotal episode in modern Irish and British history, it was remembered locally as a landmark event, where 1798 is often referred to as "The Year of the French".<ref name="mayo-ireland"/> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Wexford Rebellion]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Client states of the Great French War}} |
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{{Irish states since 1171}} |
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{{coord|53|51|N|9|17|W|type:country_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Connaught, Republic of}} |
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<!--Categories--> |
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[[Category:Former republics|Connacht]] |
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[[Category:1798 disestablishments]] |
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[[Category:Connacht|Republic of Connacht]] |
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[[Category:Former countries in Ireland]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1798]] |
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[[Category:1798 in Ireland|Republic of Connacht]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:19, 4 April 2017
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