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#REDIRECT [[Clapton, London#Upper and Lower Clapton]]{{R from merge}} |
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{{Infobox UK place| |
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|country = England |
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|map_type = Greater London |
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|region= London |
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|population= |
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|official_name= Upper Clapton |
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|latitude= 51.5702 |
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|longitude= -0.0583 |
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|os_grid_reference= TQ345875 |
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|london_borough= Hackney |
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|post_town= LONDON |
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|postcode_area=E |
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|postcode_district=E5 |
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|dial_code= 020 |
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|constituency_westminster= [[Hackney North and Stoke Newington (UK Parliament constituency)|Hackney North and Stoke Newington]] |
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|charingX_distance_mi= 5.6 |
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|charingX_direction= SW |
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}} |
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'''Upper Clapton''' is a district of [[East London]] in the [[London Borough of Hackney]], and traditionally part of the county of [[Middlesex]]. |
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It is bounded by the Hackney districts of [[Stamford Hill]] to the west, [[Lower Clapton]] and [[Lea Bridge]] to the south and the [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] district of [[South Tottenham]] to the north. To the east is the [[River Lee (England)|River Lea]] (spelled Lea or Lee), on the other side of which is the expanse of the [[Walthamstow Marshes]], part of which is in the [[Lee Valley Park]]. |
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As is frequently the case with London districts, these boundaries have become uncertain because of the meeting of the developing expansion of the original settlements. Western parts of the area are often considered part of a wider Stamford Hill, understandable perhaps because of the public transport junction and shopping area at Stamford Broadway, and that the [[Hassidic]] Jewish community identified as being located in Stamford Hill extends into Upper Clapton. |
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==History== |
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Clapton was from 1339 until the 18th century normally rendered as ''Clopton'', meaning the "farm on the hill". The Old English ''clop'' - "lump" or "hill" - presumably denoted the high ground which rises from the [[River Lea]]. Eventually encompassing the north-eastern quarter of the parish, Clapton grew up along the way which in 1745 was called Hackney Lane, part of which ran through Broad (later Clapton) Common. Building spread to meet streets east of the high road and north of Homerton in the 19th century. Manorial courts from the early 19th century distinguished the parts north and south of [[Lea Bridge]] Road as Upper and Lower Clapton, and those names soon passed into general use. Hackney Lane came to be known as Lower and Upper Clapton roads, until in the late 19th century the stretch through the common to Stamford Hill was named Clapton Common.<ref>{{cite book|title='Hackney: Clapton', ''A History of the County of Middlesex''|volume=10|year=1995|pages=44–51|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22702|accessdate=2011-05-17}}</ref> |
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The area, along with Lower Clapton, was known in the 1990s and early 2000s for [[Crime in London|drug and gun related crimes]], gaining it the nickname "Murder Mile."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mendick|first1=Robert|last2=Johnson|first2=Andrew|title=Eight men shot dead in two years. Welcome to Britain's Murder Mile|publisher=''[[The Independent]]''|date=2002-01-06|accessdate=2011-05-17|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/eight-men-shot-dead-in-two-years-welcome-to-britains-murder-mile-662314.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Thompson|first=Tony|title=Two more die on 'murder mile'|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2001-04-22|accessdate=2011-05-17|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/apr/22/tonythompson.theobserver1}}</ref> As well as being featured in the film ''[[Bullet Boy]]'', Clapton's reputation was highlighted in an episode of Channel 4's satirical TV show ''Brass Eye'' in 1997, which claimed that the petrol station is shoplifted every 30 minutes.<ref>"[http://www.channel4.com/programmes/brass-eye/4od#2929185 Decline]", Brass Eye, 1997, Channel4</ref> |
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==Local features== |
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===On the waterfront=== |
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[[Image:Upper clapton springfield park 1.jpg|thumb|left|Springfield Park from the High (pedestrian) bridge over the Lea. (October 2005)]] |
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[[Image:Upper clapton anchor and hope.jpg|thumb|left|The Anchor and Hope, a war survivor overshadowed by postwar High Hill Ferry Estate. (October 2005)]] |
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One of the most pleasant amenities in Upper Clapton is [[Springfield Park (London)|Springfield Park]], which extends down the hill eastwards to the Lea. This park was created in 1905 from the extensive grounds of three mansions, of which only one survives: Springfield House, now known as the White House (a [[Grade II listed]] house <ref>{{cite web|title=White Lodge, Hackney |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-426101-white-lodge-greater-london-authority |publisher=www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk| accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref>), houses a café and the municipal rangers' station. The park's sports facilities include five [[tennis court]]s and a cricket pitch, while to the north, just across Spring Hill in the recreation ground, there are rugby fields (home of the [[Hackney RFC|Hackney RUFC]]), more tennis courts, and football pitches. Across the Lea, on the ancient [[Essex]] and modern [[London Borough of Waltham Forest]] border, is Springfield Marina, a packed mooring for [[narrowboat]]s and other waterway craft, while on the other bank of the river is the Lea Rowing Club. |
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The park received a [[Green Flag award]] in July 2008.<ref>''Hackney Today'' 188 21 July 2008</ref> |
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Aside from the mansion, another — and very popular — survivor is the Anchor and Hope pub, which is not far from the south-east corner of the park. The area along the Lea was heavily bombed in the [[World War II|Second World War]], and the pub is one of the few survivors of the terraced housing that once dominated the area. It is now quite overshadowed by pre- and post-war blocks of flats. |
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Besides Springfield Park, Upper Clapton is delineated to the west by the long leafy strip of Clapton Common, distinguished by the recently regenerated pond (the name [[Clapton Pond]], however, is generally applied by locals to a set of two much smaller ex-reservoirs in Lower Clapton, and bus routes that use Clapton Pond as a terminus point are referring to Lower Clapton). The pond is a favourite with bird watchers — besides the usual variety of ducks, geese and swans, such shy birds as [[grebes]] and other waders may often be seen feeding in the reed beds. |
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===The Abode of Love=== |
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[[Image:Upper clapton good shepherd 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Good Shepherd's steeple dominates the Upper Clapton skyline. (October 2005)]] |
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Upper Clapton is home to one of London's more unusual churches, the Church of the Good Shepherd, which was used as a place of worship by the {{clarify|text=[[Ancient Catholic Church]]|reason=How is Ancient Catholic Church defined here. This group is not listed as part of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands, which is the redirect target of this link.|date=September 2014}} and now is used by the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]]. However, the church was originally built by the [[Agapemonite]] cult in 1892 as the Church of the Ark of the Covenant. |
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The Agapemonites, who held decidedly unconventional views on marriage and the role of women, relocated to Upper Clapton from their spiritual community in [[Spaxton]], [[Somerset]], and had clearly prospered by this time. Although it is fairly conventional in floor plan, the outside of the church is a riot of statuary and symbolism. The main doorways sport large carvings of angels and the four evangelists symbolised by a man, an eagle, a bull and a lion. The same four figures, cast in bronze, look out over the four quarters of the Earth from the base of the steeple. The two flanking weather vanes show a certain symbolic debt to [[William Blake]]'s Jerusalem depicting, as they do, a fiery chariot and a sheaf of arrows (presumably of desire), while the main steeple is clearly surmounted by a spear. The stained glass windows, designed by noted children's book illustrator [[Walter Crane]], and made by J S Sparrow,<ref>[http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1235310] The National Heritage List for England, entry 1235310</ref> betray the unconventional nature of the sect as they illustrate the 'true station of womankind'. |
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The church, which was completed in 1895, was designed by Joseph Morris in a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style; for its "curiosity value" it was designated a [[listed building|Grade II-listed building]] on 12 September 1969.<ref>{{IoE|425966}} accessed 22 January 2009</ref> |
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[[Image:Upper clapton good shepherd 2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Good Shepherd's extravagant main entrance. (October 2005)]] |
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The cult had always been surrounded by scandal during its sojourn in Somerset and, after the move to Clapton, this degenerated into sheer farce. The original leader, [[Henry James Prince]], who claimed to be immortal, died in 1899 and was succeeded by the charming but philandering [[John Hugh Smyth-Pigott]], who wasted no time before [[List of messiah claimants|declaring himself as the Messiah]]. Challenged by a jeering mob to prove his godhood by walking across [[Clapton Pond]], Smyth-Pigott declined and retired to Somerset, where he was said to enjoy the favours of as many as seven "spiritual brides" a week. Smyth-Pigott, who also claimed immortality, died in 1927, after which the cult went into decline. The Clapton church had already been abandoned by the cult and was acquired first by the Ancient Catholic Church in 1956, and then by the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] in 2005.<ref>[http://www.goclp.org.uk/eng/recent.html] The Georgian Orthodox Church, London Parish of Saint George</ref> |
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===The New Synagogue=== |
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[[Image:Upper clapton new synagogue 1.jpg|thumb|right|The New Synagogue. Spire of the Good Shepherd in the background. (October 2005)]] |
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Close by the Good Shepherd is the stately New Synagogue, on the eastern side of Clapton Common. This [[Listed building|Grade II listed building]]<ref>{{IoE|426739}} accessed 22 January 2009</ref> is a little deceptive, appearing much older than it actually is. In spite of its handsome [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style exterior, this is actually post-[[Edwardian]], built in 1915. It is, however, a faithful replica of an earlier building, the Great St Helen's Synagogue in the [[City of London]], which was designed by John Davies in 1838. The current building contains a number of original fixtures from its predecessor. Endangered for a while, the synagogue was restored in 2005. |
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===Brooke House=== |
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[[Image:Upper Clapton Macaroni.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Maccaroni (fashion)|Maccaroni]]s were 18th-century dandies. This example 1792 is from [[Sutton House, London|Sutton House]]]] |
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A large house known as the King's House stood on the site now occupied by [[BSix Sixth Form College]], as early 1476. The house was within a {{convert|200|acre|km2|2|sing=on}} estate, which was described as the Manor of Hackney from about 1532 to the early 17th century — although there were two other manors in the south of the Parish.<ref name=Brooke>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=100172 ''Documentary evidence''], ''[[Survey of London]]'': volume 28: Brooke House, Hackney (1960), pp. 52-66. Date accessed: 22 January 2009</ref> |
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In 1532, Henry Algernon Percy, [[Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland|Earl of Northumberland]], acquired the estate from Sir Richard Neville. However, in January 1535 the land was taken by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]; in settlement of a debt. The King visited the house in April 1535 and on 24 September 1535 he granted his "manor or principal messuage of Hackney" to [[Thomas Cromwell]], his chief minister. Cromwell refurbished the house, and on 1 May 1536, returned the house to the King. In July 1536, [[Ralph Sadleir]]<ref>Sadleir had been a member of Cromwell's household, and was appointed Henry's Secretary of State for Scotland</ref> brought [[Mary I of England]] to the house to swear the [[Oath of Supremacy]] before her father, and [[Jane Seymour]], the Queen. Henry continued to own the house until his death in January 1547.<ref name=Brooke/> [[Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford]], died in the house in Hackney known as the "King's House" on 24 June 1604. |
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The name of the house derives from its purchase by [[Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke]], in 1621 — which led to ownership by the family for over 200 years. The house became tenanted after 1724, but in 1758–9 the house was modified by a leasee, William Clarke who converted it to a lunatic asylum. The site remained in this use until 1940.<ref name=Brooke/> |
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The remains of the house were destroyed by [[airstrike|enemy action]] in October 1940. {{convert|5.5|acre|km2|2}} of Brooke House were purchased by the [[London County Council]] in 1944, and further bomb damage occurred that year. The house was finally demolished in 1954, and archaeological investigations of the Tudor palace took place in 1955–6. New school buildings were erected in 1960, designed by Armstrong and MacManus.<ref name=Brooke/> |
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==Education== |
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{{For|details of education in Upper Clapton|List of schools in the London Borough of Hackney}} |
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[[BSix Sixth Form College]] is a [[sixth form college]] on a site near the Lea Bridge roundabout in Clapton. |
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==Transport and locale== |
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[[Image:Hackney districts.gif|thumb|upright|right|Districts within the [[London Borough of Hackney]].]] |
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About 2 miles by bus, the nearest [[List of London Underground stations|London Underground stations]] are [[Tottenham Hale tube station|Tottenham Hale]], [[Manor House tube station|Manor House]] and [[Seven Sisters tube station|Seven Sisters]]. |
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;Nearest railway stations |
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* [[Clapton railway station|Clapton]] |
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* [[Hackney Central railway station|Hackney Central]] |
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* [[South Tottenham railway station|South Tottenham]] |
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* [[Stamford Hill railway station|Stamford Hill]] |
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{{Geographic Location |
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|title = '''Neighbouring areas of London.''' |
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|Northwest = [[South Tottenham]] |
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|North = [[Walthamstow Marshes]] |
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|Northeast = [[Walthamstow]] |
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|West = [[Stamford Hill]] |
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|Centre = Upper Clapton |
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|East = [[Leyton]] |
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|Southwest = [[Stoke Newington]] |
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|South = [[Lower Clapton]] |
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|Southeast = [[Lea Bridge]] |
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}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22702 History of Clapton] (British History Online) |
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* [http://www.clapton.freeservers.com Clapton at freeservers.com] |
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* [http://www.leevalleypark.org.uk/ The Lee Valley Park] |
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* [http://www.sparkcafe.co.uk/ The Spark Café] |
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* [http://www.brookehouse.ac.uk/ BSix College Brooke House Website] |
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* [http://claptonpond.ground-level.org/discuss/msgReader$96?mode=topic The Clapton Messiah] The Agapemonites - Clapton Pond [[Neighbourhood Action Group]] |
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* [http://www.clapton.freeservers.com/photo3.html The Agapemonites] - Clapton Freeservers |
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* [http://www.oldsynagogues.org/newsynagogue_00.htm The New Synagogue] (from oldsynagogues.org - shows the impressive interior) |
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{{LB Hackney}} |
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{{Areas of London}} |
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[[Category:Districts of Hackney]] |
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[[Category:Areas of London]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:41, 16 August 2020
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