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{{Redirect|Junior Minister|the position in the government of Northern Ireland|Junior Minister (Northern Ireland)}}
{{Redirect|Junior Minister|the position in the government of Northern Ireland|Junior Minister (Northern Ireland)}}
{{Executive}}
{{Executive}}
A ''' Mr.Krabs minister''' is a [[politician]] who heads a [[ministry (government department)|ministry]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/minister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119020403/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/minister|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 19, 2017|title=Minister|work=Oxford Dictionary|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/es/diccionario/ingles/minister|title=Minister|work=Collins Dictionary|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref> making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the [[head of government]] is also a minister and is designated the ‘[[prime minister]]’, ‘premier’, ‘chief minister’, ‘chancellor’ or other title.
A '''minister''' is a [[politician]] who heads a [[ministry (government department)|ministry]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/minister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119020403/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/minister|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 19, 2017|title=Minister|work=Oxford Dictionary|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/es/diccionario/ingles/minister|title=Minister|work=Collins Dictionary|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref> making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the [[head of government]] is also a minister and is designated the '[[prime minister]]', '[[premier]]', '[[chief minister]]', '[[chancellor]]' or other title.


In [[Commonwealth realm]] jurisdictions which use the [[Westminster system]] of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of [[Parliament]] or [[legislature]], and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions—such as [[Belgium]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Grondwet|url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2018-12-21|access-date=2021-03-10|website=wetten.overheid.nl|language=nl}}</ref>{{efn|group=note|name=a|Once a minister's position is vacant, the minister can be a member of parliament, in accordance with article 57 section 3 of the Dutch constitution.}} [[Philippines]], [[Slovenia]], and [[Nigeria]]—the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a [[Ministry (government department)|government department]] and members of the government's ministry, [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title ’[[Assistant Minister|assistant minister]]’ or ‘[[deputy minister]]’. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.
In [[Commonwealth realm]] jurisdictions which use the [[Westminster system]] of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of [[Parliament]] or [[legislature]], and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions—such as [[Belgium]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Grondwet|url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2018-12-21|access-date=2021-03-10|website=wetten.overheid.nl|language=nl}}</ref>{{efn|group=note|name=a|Once a minister's position is vacant, the minister can be a member of parliament, in accordance with article 57 section 3 of the Dutch constitution.}} [[Philippines]], [[Slovenia]], and [[Nigeria]]—the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a [[Ministry (government department)|government department]] and members of the government's ministry, [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title '[[Assistant Minister|assistant minister]]' or '[[deputy minister]]'. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.


In some jurisdictions—such as [[Hong Kong]], [[Mexico]], the [[Philippines]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]]—holders of an equivalent cabinet-level post are called [[Secretary (title)|secretaries]] (e.g., the [[Home Secretary]] in the United Kingdom, [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] in the United States). Some holders of a cabinet-level post may have another title, such as ’[[Attorney-General]]’ or ’[[Postmaster-General]]’.
In some jurisdictions—such as [[Hong Kong]], [[Mexico]], the [[Philippines]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]]—holders of an equivalent cabinet-level post are called [[Secretary (title)|secretaries]] (e.g., the [[Home Secretary]] in the United Kingdom, [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] in the United States). Some holders of a cabinet-level post may have another title, such as '[[Attorney-General]]' or '[[Postmaster-General]]'.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
[[File:Gebhard-Sillanpaa-1910.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Finland]]'s first female ministers were brought to [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] shortly after the turn of the 20th century.<ref name=pp>{{Cite news|url=https://finland.fi/life-society/real-bridge-builder-became-finlands-first-female-government-minister/|title=Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister - thisisFINLAND|date=2017-09-29|work=thisisFINLAND|access-date=2017-10-01|language=en-US}}</ref> From left to right: [[Hedvig Gebhard]] (1867–1961), member of parliament, and [[Miina Sillanpää]] (1866–1952), Minister of Social Affairs,<ref name=pp/><ref>{{Citation|last=Korppi-Tommola|first=Aura|year=2016|title=Miina Sillanpää - edelläkävijä|place=Helsinki|publisher=Suomen kirjallisuuden seura|isbn=978-952-222-724-9}}</ref> in 1910.]]
[[File:Gebhard-Sillanpaa-1910.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Finland]]'s first female ministers were brought to [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] shortly after the turn of the 20th century.<ref name=pp>{{Cite news|url=https://finland.fi/life-society/real-bridge-builder-became-finlands-first-female-government-minister/|title=Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister - thisisFINLAND|date=2017-09-29|work=thisisFINLAND|access-date=2017-10-01|language=en-US}}</ref> From left to right: [[Hedvig Gebhard]] (1867–1961), member of parliament, and [[Miina Sillanpää]] (1866–1952), Minister of Social Affairs,<ref name=pp/><ref>{{Citation|last=Korppi-Tommola|first=Aura|year=2016|title=Miina Sillanpää - edelläkävijä|place=Helsinki|publisher=Suomen kirjallisuuden seura|isbn=978-952-222-724-9}}</ref> in 1910.]]
The term ’minister’ also is used in diplomacy, for a diplomat of the [[Diplomatic rank|second class]], such as in the title [[Minister Plenipotentiary]], ranking between an [[Ambassador]] and a [[Minister Resident]].
The term 'minister' also is used in diplomacy, for a diplomat of the [[Diplomatic rank|second class]], such as in the title [[Minister Plenipotentiary]], ranking between an [[Ambassador]] and a [[Minister Resident]].


The term minister comes from [[Middle English]], deriving from the [[Old French]] word ''ministre'', originally ''minister'' in [[Latin]], meaning "servant, attendant", which itself was derived from the word 'minus' meaning "less".<ref>The word [https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minister Minister] Definition, dictionary.com dictionaries</ref>
The term minister comes from [[Middle English]], deriving from the [[Old French]] word {{lang|fro|ministre}}, originally {{lang|la|minister}} in [[Latin]], meaning "servant, attendant", which itself was derived from the word '{{lang|la|minus}}' meaning "less".<ref>The word [https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minister Minister] Definition, dictionary.com dictionaries</ref>


In jurisdictions that use the [[Westminster system]] of government—such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]]—ministers or their equivalents are selected from the legislature, and usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In jurisdictions with strict [[separation of powers]]—such as [[Belgium]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]], [[Philippines]], and the [[United States]]—ministers cannot be members of the legislature, and a legislator chosen to become a minister must resign from the legislature.
In jurisdictions that use the [[Westminster system]] of government—such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]]—ministers or their equivalents are selected from the legislature, and usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In jurisdictions with strict [[separation of powers]]—such as [[Belgium]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]], [[Philippines]], and the [[United States]]—ministers cannot be members of the legislature, and a legislator chosen to become a minister must resign from the legislature.


Normally the leader of the [[majority party]] becomes the [[prime minister]], or an office of equivalent function, and selects the other ministers. In the Westminster system, these ministers continue to represent their [[constituency]] in parliament while being part of the government. Often, a person from the outside may be appointed minister, usually in order to bring special skills to the government. Such a person would not have to be part of the parliament while serving as minister, nor would he/she necessarily be a member of the party/parties in government.
Normally the leader of the [[majority party]] becomes the [[prime minister]], or an office of equivalent function, and selects the other ministers. In the Westminster system, these ministers continue to represent their [[constituency]] in parliament while being part of the government. Individuals who are not in parliament may be appointed as a minister, usually in order to bring special skills to the government.


In the United Kingdom, a government minister does not have to be a member of either House of Parliament. In practice, however, convention is that ministers must be members of either the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] or [[House of Lords]] in order to be accountable to Parliament. From time to time, Prime Ministers appoint non-parliamentarians as ministers. In recent years such ministers have been appointed to the House of Lords.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maer|first=Lucinda|date=2017-09-04|title=Ministers in the House of Lords|url=https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05226}}</ref>
In the United Kingdom, a government minister does not have to be a member of either House of Parliament. In practice, however, convention is that ministers must be members of either the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] or [[House of Lords]] in order to be accountable to Parliament. From time to time, prime ministers appoint non-parliamentarians as ministers. This can be done by first appointing the person to the House of Lords.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maer|first=Lucinda|date=2017-09-04|title=Ministers in the House of Lords|url=https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05226}}</ref>


==Types of ministers and name==
==Types of ministers and their name==
Various countries form ministries as [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]]s (see [[List of cabinets]]). Other cabinets are usually included in [[List of politics by country articles|''Politics of ..''-articles]]
Various countries form ministries as [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]]s (see [[List of cabinets]]). Other cabinets are usually included in [[List of politics by country articles|''Politics of ..''-articles]]


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* [[Culture minister]]
* [[Culture minister]]
* [[Defence minister]]
* [[Defence minister]]
*[[Electricity minister]]
* [[Home minister]]
* [[Deputy prime minister]]
* [[Deputy prime minister]]
* [[Education minister]]
* [[Education minister]]
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* [[Justice minister]]
* [[Justice minister]]
* [[Labour minister]]
* [[Labour minister]]
*[[Mental health minister]]
* [[Prime minister]]
* [[Prime minister]]
* [[List of public works ministries|Public works minister]]
* [[List of public works ministries|Public works minister]]
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Government ministers| ]]
[[Category:Ministerial offices| ]]
[[Category:Government occupations]]
[[Category:Government occupations]]

Latest revision as of 11:59, 14 November 2024

"Councillor of state" redirects here. For the differently spelled role it should not be confused for, see Counsellor of State.
"Junior Minister" redirects here. For the position in the government of Northern Ireland, see Junior Minister (Northern Ireland).
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A minister is a politician who heads a ministry,[1][2] making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the 'prime minister', 'premier', 'chief minister', 'chancellor' or other title.

In Commonwealth realm jurisdictions which use the Westminster system of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of Parliament or legislature, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions—such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands,[3][note 1] Philippines, Slovenia, and Nigeria—the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a government department and members of the government's ministry, cabinet and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title 'assistant minister' or 'deputy minister'. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.

In some jurisdictions—such as Hong Kong, Mexico, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States—holders of an equivalent cabinet-level post are called secretaries (e.g., the Home Secretary in the United Kingdom, Secretary of State in the United States). Some holders of a cabinet-level post may have another title, such as 'Attorney-General' or 'Postmaster-General'.

Etymology

[edit]
Finland's first female ministers were brought to Finnish Parliament shortly after the turn of the 20th century.[4] From left to right: Hedvig Gebhard (1867–1961), member of parliament, and Miina Sillanpää (1866–1952), Minister of Social Affairs,[4][5] in 1910.

The term 'minister' also is used in diplomacy, for a diplomat of the second class, such as in the title Minister Plenipotentiary, ranking between an Ambassador and a Minister Resident.

The term minister comes from Middle English, deriving from the Old French word ministre, originally minister in Latin, meaning "servant, attendant", which itself was derived from the word 'minus' meaning "less".[6]

In jurisdictions that use the Westminster system of government—such as the United Kingdom and Australia—ministers or their equivalents are selected from the legislature, and usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In jurisdictions with strict separation of powers—such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, and the United States—ministers cannot be members of the legislature, and a legislator chosen to become a minister must resign from the legislature.

Normally the leader of the majority party becomes the prime minister, or an office of equivalent function, and selects the other ministers. In the Westminster system, these ministers continue to represent their constituency in parliament while being part of the government. Individuals who are not in parliament may be appointed as a minister, usually in order to bring special skills to the government.

In the United Kingdom, a government minister does not have to be a member of either House of Parliament. In practice, however, convention is that ministers must be members of either the House of Commons or House of Lords in order to be accountable to Parliament. From time to time, prime ministers appoint non-parliamentarians as ministers. This can be done by first appointing the person to the House of Lords.[7]

Types of ministers and their name

[edit]

Various countries form ministries as Cabinets (see List of cabinets). Other cabinets are usually included in Politics of ..-articles

Specific ministers include:

Some ministers may hold multiple portfolios and lead several ministries simultaneously, while multiple ministers with separate portfolios may oversee a single ministry, or may also share both ministerial and deputy-ministerial portfolios in different ministries. A cabinet minister can sometimes be in charge of no ministry at all, and is then known as a "minister without portfolio".

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Once a minister's position is vacant, the minister can be a member of parliament, in accordance with article 57 section 3 of the Dutch constitution.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Minister". Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  2. ^ "Minister". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  3. ^ "Grondwet". wetten.overheid.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  4. ^ a b "Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister - thisisFINLAND". thisisFINLAND. 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
  5. ^ Korppi-Tommola, Aura (2016), Miina Sillanpää - edelläkävijä, Helsinki: Suomen kirjallisuuden seura, ISBN 978-952-222-724-9
  6. ^ The word Minister Definition, dictionary.com dictionaries
  7. ^ Maer, Lucinda (2017-09-04). "Ministers in the House of Lords".
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