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{{short description|Published declaration of principles and intentions of an individual or group}}
{{Short description|Published declaration of principles and intentions}}{{For|the set of goals published by a political party, see [[Party platform]]. For other uses}}

{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2021}}
{{Unfocused|talk=Unfocused|reason=is it a [[WP:SAL|list article]], or about manifestos, generally? If [[WP:NOTDICT|it is a definition]], it should be transwikified to [[Wiktionary]]|date=September 2023}}
[[File:Communist-manifesto.png|thumb|Cover of the internationally famous ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'', written by [[Friedrich Engels]] and [[Karl Marx]], and published in 1848]]
[[File:Communist-manifesto.png|thumb|Cover of the ''[[Manifesto of the Communist Party]]'' (1848), from the 1965 facsimile edition]]
A '''manifesto''' is a published declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifesto Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808022742/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifesto |date=August 8, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seophonist-wahl.de/ |title=SEOphonist &#124; die SEOphonisten Wahl 2013 |access-date=2013-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912054800/http://www.seophonist-wahl.de/ |archive-date=September 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all |language=de}}, article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manifesto Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806095123/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manifesto |date=August 6, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>
A '''manifesto''' is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifesto Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808022742/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifesto |date=August 8, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seophonist-wahl.de/ |title=SEOphonist &#124; die SEOphonisten Wahl 2013 |access-date=2013-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912054800/http://www.seophonist-wahl.de/ |archive-date=September 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all |language=de}}, article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manifesto Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806095123/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manifesto |date=August 6, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>
David Robertson, ''The Routledge Dictionary of Politics'', Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 [https://books.google.com/books?id=WcIkEz3a4nIC&pg=PA295 p. 295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425013939/https://books.google.com/books?id=WcIkEz3a4nIC&pg=PA295 |date=April 25, 2016 }}, {{ISBN|0415323770}}, 9780415323772</ref> A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or [[Consensus decision-making|public consensus]] or promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made. It often is [[Party platform|political]], [[Social movement|social]] or [[Art manifesto|artistic]] in nature, sometimes [[Political revolution|revolutionary]], but may present an individual's [[life stance]]. Manifestos relating to [[religious belief]] are generally referred to as [[creed]]s or [[confession of faith|confessions of faith]].
David Robertson, ''The Routledge Dictionary of Politics'', Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 [https://books.google.com/books?id=WcIkEz3a4nIC&pg=PA295 p. 295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425013939/https://books.google.com/books?id=WcIkEz3a4nIC&pg=PA295 |date=April 25, 2016 }}, {{ISBN|0415323770}}, 9780415323772</ref> A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or [[Consensus decision-making|public consensus]], or promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made. It often is [[Party platform|political]], [[Social movement|social]] or [[Art manifesto|artistic]] in nature, sometimes [[Political revolution|revolutionary]], but may present an individual's [[life stance]]. Manifestos relating to [[religious belief]] are generally referred to as [[creed|''creeds'']] or ''confessions of faith''.


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==


It is derived from the Italian word {{lang|it|manifesto}}, itself derived from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|manifestum}}, meaning clear or conspicuous. Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in [[Nathaniel Brent]]'s translation of [[Paolo Sarpi]]'s ''History of the Council of Trent'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p.&nbsp;102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p.&nbsp;103).<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref>
The Italian word {{lang|it|manifesto}}, itself derived from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|manifestum}}, means 'clear' or 'conspicuous'. Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in [[Nathaniel Brent]]'s translation of the Italian from [[Paolo Sarpi]]'s ''History of the [[Council of Trent]]'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p.&nbsp;102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p.&nbsp;103).<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Examples ==
⚫
1. '''[[The Communist Manifesto]]''' (1848) by '''[[Karl Marx]]''' and '''[[Friedrich Engels]]'''

The Communist Manifesto outlined the principles of [[communism]] and called for the overthrow of [[capitalism]]. It has been a hugely influential document in the history of [[socialism]] and communism. It has been controversial since its publication, with some critics arguing that it advocates for the violent overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a totalitarian state, or that a true [[communist society]] could never exist. Its supporters argue that it has been misinterpreted and that its principles have been distorted by authoritarian regimes (such as the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[China|People's Republic of China]]).<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf The Communist Manifesto-PDF version]</ref>

2. '''[[Port Huron Statement]]''' (1962) by '''[[Students for a Democratic Society]]'''

The Statement was a list of principles and values issued by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), a leftwing student activist organization in the United States. The manifesto called for greater democracy, individual freedom, and social justice, and it challenged the prevailing norms of American society at the time. The "Port Huron Statement" helped to inspire a generation of young activists and was a defining document of the New Left movement. It has been criticized for being too radical and wanting utopian and unrealistic changes.<ref>[https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/27-the-sixties/the-port-huron-statement-1962/ Port Huron Statement]</ref>

⚫
3. '''[[Industrial Society and Its Future]]''' (1995) by '''[[Theodore John Kaczynski]]'''


== Famous examples ==
This manifesto lays very detailed blame on technology for destroying [[human-scale]] communities. Kaczynski contends that the [[Industrial Revolution]] harmed the [[human race]] by developing into a sociopolitical order that subjugates human needs beneath its own. This system, he wrote, destroys nature and suppresses individual freedom. The manifesto calls for the overthrow of this system and modern technological economies. It has been criticized for Kaczynski's violent 1978-1995 bombing campaigns which brought the manifesto to attention and its links to [[green anarchism.]]


* ''[[United States Declaration of Independence|The Declaration of Independence of the United States]]'' (1776) by the [[Committee of Five]]
⚫
4. [[Mein Kampf]] (1925) by [[Adolf Hitler]]
⚫
* ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'' (1848) by [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development| The Agile Manifesto] (2001) by [[Martin Fowler]] and [[Jim Highsmith]]
⚫
* ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' (1925) by [[Adolf Hitler]]
⚫
* ''[[Industrial Society and Its Future]]'' (1995) by [[Theodore John Kaczynski]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Art manifesto]]
* [[Art manifesto]]
* [[Election promise]]
* [[Creed]]
* [[Government platform]]
* [[Party line (politics)]]
* [[Party platform]]


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.manifestos.net Manifestos.net]
* {{Cite book|title=100 Artists' Manifestos|date=2011|publisher=Penguin|others=Danchev, Alex.|isbn=9780141191799|location=London|oclc=660519141}}
* {{Cite book|title=100 Artists' Manifestos|date=2011|publisher=Penguin|others=Danchev, Alex.|isbn=9780141191799|location=London|oclc=660519141}}
* British political party manifesto archives, 1900–present: [http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/ Labour], [http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/ Conservative], [http://www.libdemmanifesto.com/ Liberal/SDP/Liberal Democrat]


{{Media manipulation}}
{{Media manipulation}}

Latest revision as of 20:44, 4 October 2024

For the set of goals published by a political party, see Party platform. For other uses, see Manifesto (disambiguation).

Cover of the Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), from the 1965 facsimile edition

A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.[1][2][3][4] A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or public consensus, or promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made. It often is political, social or artistic in nature, sometimes revolutionary, but may present an individual's life stance. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.

Etymology

[edit]

The Italian word manifesto, itself derived from the Latin manifestum, means 'clear' or 'conspicuous'. Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent: "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).[5][full citation needed]

Famous examples

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See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto Archived August 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ "SEOphonist | die SEOphonisten Wahl 2013" (in German). Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2013., article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".
  3. ^ Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto Archived August 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ David Robertson, The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 p. 295 Archived April 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 0415323770, 9780415323772
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary
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