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{{Short description|
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox church
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| bishop = [[John Inge]]
| provost =
| dean = Stephen Edwards
| precentor = John Paul Hoskins
| canon =
| organist = {{ubl|Samuel Hudson (Director of Music)|Nicholas Freestone (Assistant Director of Music)}}
| logo =
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[[File:Coat of Arms of Worcester Cathedral.svg|thumb|right|Arms of Worcester Cathedral]]
[[File:Worcester Cathedral Flag.svg|thumb|right|Flag of Worcester Cathedral, consisting of the cathedral's arms in the canton of a Saint George's Cross, usually flown from the cathedral tower]]
'''Worcester Cathedral''', formally the '''Cathedral Church of Christ and Blessed Mary the Virgin''', is a [[Church of England]] cathedral in [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], England. The cathedral is the seat of the [[bishop of Worcester]] and is the [[Mother Church#Cathedral|mother church]] of the [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|diocese of Worcester]]; it is administered by its [[Dean of Worcester|dean]] and [[Chapter (religion)|chapter]]. The cathedral is a [[grade I listed building]] and part of a [[scheduled monument]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF CHRIST AND ST MARY, Non Civil Parish - 1389728 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1389728 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Worcester city centre, Non Civil Parish - 1005277 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1005277 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>
The cathedral was founded in 680. The earliest surviving fabric dates from 1084, when the cathedral was rebuilt in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style by Bishop [[Wulfstan (died 1095)|Wulfstan]]. The [[chapter house]] dates from 1120, and the [[nave]] was extended in the 1170s. Between 1224 and 1269 the east end was rebuilt in the [[Early English Gothic]] style. The remainder of the nave was rebuilt in the 1360s, and the "exquisite" central tower completed in 1374.<ref name="ACT" /> The cathedral retains a set of medieval [[Misericord|misericords]], now set into Victorian choir stalls; the cathedral was [[Victorian restoration|heavily restored in the nineteenth century]], and contains a set of furnishings by [[George Gilbert Scott]]. It contains several funerary monuments, including those of [[John of England|King John]]; [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]]; and the prime minister [[Stanley Baldwin]].
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===Medieval===
[[File:Worcester Cathedral Cloister, Worcestershire, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|left|The medieval cloisters]]
The cathedral [[priory]], one of a number of religious institutions in the city,<ref>{{harvnb|Willis-Bund|Page|1971a}}; {{harvnb|Willis-Bund|Page|1971b}}; {{harvnb|Willis-Bund|Page|1971c}}</ref> was a major landowner and economic force, in both Worcester and the county. Its properties included the priory manor of [[Bromsgrove]].<ref>{{harvnb|Dyer|2000}}</ref> It was a centre of learning, providing schooling, and was associated with hospitals. The Church received a portion of local taxations, and administered [[ecclesiastical law]] as applied to Christian morals, which could result in punishments. It had close political associations with leading gentry and aristocracy. It thus had a central role in the medieval life of the city and county.<ref>{{harvnb|Willis-Bund|Page|1971a}}</ref>
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====Relations with the Jewish community of Worcester====
{{more information|Jewish community of Worcester#The Jews in Worcester in the Middle Ages}}
The Diocese was notably hostile to the small Jewish community in Worcester. [[Peter of Blois]] was commissioned by a Bishop of Worcester, probably [[John of Coutances]], to write a significant anti-Judaic treatise ''Against the Perfidy of Jews'' around 1190.<ref>{{harvnb|de Blois|1194}}, {{harvnb|Lazare|1903}}</ref> [[William de Blois (bishop of Worcester)|William de Blois]], as Bishop of Worcester, imposed particularly strict rules on Jews within the diocese in 1219.<ref>{{harvnb|Vincent|1994|p=217}}</ref> As elsewhere in England, Jews were officially compelled to wear rectangular white badges, supposedly representing tabulae.{{clarify|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-badge|title=Jewish Badge|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|language=en|access-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106150945/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-badge|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In most places, this requirement was waived as long as fines were paid. In addition to enforcing the church laws on wearing badges, Blois tried to impose additional restrictions on [[usury]], and wrote to [[Pope Gregory IX]] in 1229 to ask for better enforcement and further, harsher measures. In response, the Papacy demanded that Christians be prevented from working in Jewish homes, "lest temporal profit be preferred to the zeal of Christ", and insisted on enforcement of the wearing of badges.<ref>{{harvnb|Vincent|1994|p=209}}</ref>
===Dissolution and Reformation===
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In the early 16th century, Worcester had around 40 monks. This declined slightly in the years immediately before 1540, as recruitment seems to have halted. There were 35 Benedictine monks plus the [[Priors of Worcester|Prior]] Holbeach at the time of dissolution, probably 16 January 1540; eleven were immediately given pensions, while the remainder became secular canons in the new Royal College. Holbeach was re-appointed as the first Dean. A further five former monks were pensioned from the college in July 1540.<ref>{{harvnb|Thornton|2018}}</ref>
The former monastic library of Worcester contained a considerable number of manuscripts which are now scattered over, among other libraries,
John Bell's successor as bishop, [[Nicholas Heath]], was religiously much more conservative and Catholic.
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==Dean and chapter==
{{As of
*
*Residentiary Canon (Precentor) – John Paul Hoskins (installed January 2022)
*Residentiary Canon (Librarian & Chaplain to St Oswald's) – Kimberly Bohan (installed January 2023)
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==Bells==
The tower has a [[ring of bells|ring]] of twelve bells plus four semitone bells and a 4.1 tonne non-swinging [[Bourdon (bell)|bourdon]].<ref name="Worcester Cathedral church bells">[http://www.worcestercathedral.co.uk/index.php?pr=Bellringing "Worcester Cathedral church bells"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018194906/http://www.worcestercathedral.co.uk/index.php?pr=Bellringing |date=18 October 2008 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2009</ref> The current peal of 15 ringing bells were cast in 1928 by John Taylor & Co., of [[Loughborough]], from the metal of the original ring cast in 1869. The bourdon bell was cast in 1869 and retuned in 1928. It is only used by the clock to strike the hours and sometimes tolls for special events. The ring is the sixth heaviest ring of twelve in the world; only the bells in the cathedrals of Liverpool, Exeter, York, and St Paul's in London, and of [[St Mary Redcliffe]] church in Bristol are heavier. The bells are also considered to be one of the finest toned rings ever cast, a close contender to York Minster. The bells hang in a wooden frame that was constructed in 1869 for the previous ring. Worcester Cathedral is unique in having a purpose-built teaching centre equipped with eight special training bells, linked to computers.<ref name="Worcester Cathedral church bells"/>
The Cathedral is also famous for being the only church in the world to have a ring of ten bells in a harmonic minor key.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
==Music==
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[[Category:Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Plantagenet]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Churches completed in the 680s]]
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