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{{Short description|American painter, author, newspaper editor and printer, spiritualist and feminist}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=January 2015}} |
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'''Eliza Bisbee Duffey''' was an American [[ |
'''Eliza Bisbee Duffey''' (1838–1898) was an American painter, author, poet, newspaper editor and printer, columnist, [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualist]], and [[feminist]] who published several books in defense of women's rights. |
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==Early life== |
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She entered a controversy with physician Edward Clarke, who believed women should be educated separately from men at Universities, claiming common education would be dangerous for the "mental and physical health of women", in her book ''No Sex In Education; Or, An Equal Chance for Both Boys and Girls'' (1874), were she argued for the equal and [[Co-educational|co-education]] of both genders. |
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Duffey was born to Cordelia and Charles A. Bisbee and raised in [[Geauga County, Ohio]]. While in Ohio she spent her early years working for ''The Jeffersonian Democrat'' as a printer. After moving to [[Columbus, Ohio]] to help edit the publication ''The Alliance'', she met her husband, John B. Duffey.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: A Biographical Dictionary|last=Meggitt|first=Brian L.|publisher=The Kent State University Press|date=March 21, 1996|isbn=978-0873386166|pages=242}}</ref> |
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From 1861 to 1867 the Duffeys resided in Philadelphia. While there Eliza Bisbee Duffey exhibited her paintings at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] where she eventually became an Associate Member. By 1867, the Duffeys were living in [[Woodbury, New Jersey]] until relocating to [[Vineland, New Jersey]] in 1872 where she and her husband became editors and publishers of ''The Vineland Daily Times'' in 1877.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vineland Historical and Antiquarian Society|last=Andrews|first=Frank.D|publisher=Vineland Historical & Antiquarian Society|year=1916|isbn=978-1-294-19630-3|location=Vineland, NJ|pages=142}}</ref> |
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Eliza Bisbee Duffey also authored books about [[women's health]] and physical and [[sexual education]], ''What Women Should Know'' (1873) and ''The Relations of the Sexes'' (1876). |
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Eliza was a strong advocate for equality between men and women. She published several essays and books about female [[sexual health]] and education, education for women, gender roles and the ideal world for both men and women. These works have influenced many reformers and advocates after her. Her body of work on gender issues includes articles, such as ''Women's Work and Women's Wages'' (1870) in ''Arthur's Illustrated'',<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXQAAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Woman%27s+Work+and+Woman%27s+Wages%22&pg=PA20|title=Arthur's Home Magazine|year=1870|publisher=T.S. Arthur and Son}}</ref> and several books such as ''What Women Should Know: A Woman's Book about Women, Containing Practical Information for Wives and Mothers'' (1873),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYM-AQAAMAAJ&q=What+Women+Should+Know+inauthor%3A%22Eliza+Bisbee+Duffey%22&pg=PA3|title=What Women Should Know: A Woman's Book about Women, Containing Practical Information for Wives and Mothers|last1=Duffey|first1=Eliza|date=1873|publisher=J.M. Stoddart & Company}}</ref> ''The Relations of the Sexes'' (1889),<ref name=":1">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/relationsofsexes00duff|quote=Eliza Bisbee Duffey.|title=The Relations of the Sexes|last1=Duffey|first1=Eliza|date=1889|publisher=M.L. Holbrook & Company}}</ref> and ''The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette: A Complete Manual of the Manners and Dress of American Society. Containing Forms of Letters, Invitations, Acceptances and Regrets. With a Copious Index'' (1877).<ref name="Porter and Coates">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ladiesgentlemens00duff|quote=eliza bisbee duffey.|title=The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette: A Complete Manual of the Manners and Dress of American Society. Containing Forms of Letters, Invitations, Acceptances and Regrets. With a Copious Index|last1=Duffey|first1=Eliza|date=1877|publisher=Porter and Coates.}}</ref> |
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Like most feminists of her time, she also opposed firmly [[abortion]] as a crime. In ''The Relations of the Sexes'', she states that "The act of abortion which I had hitherto regarded as a trivial thing, at once became in my eyes the grossest misdemeanor—nay, the most aggravated crime. Being guided by this experience, I judge that this offence is perpetrated by women who are totally ignorant of the laws of their being. Consequently, the surest preventative against this crime will be a thorough teaching to women, even before marriage, of the physiology, hygiene, duties and obligations of maternity." |
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== Scholarly work == |
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She also acknowledge the human nature of the unborn, in the same study : "From the moment of [[Human fertilization|conception]], the [[embryo]] is a living thing, leading a distinct, separate existence from the mother, though closely bound to her. From almost the earliest stage, the form of the future being is indicated, and it has separate heart-beats, distinctly perceptible through the intervening tissues of the mother’s body, which cover it. It is a human being to all intents and purposes. The period called quickening is a merely fictitious period, which does not indicate the first motion of the embryo. These first motions are not usually detected… until they have acquired considerable force." |
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As an ardent feminist in the Victorian era, Eliza Bisbee Duffey made waves with her pro-female writing. As a writer she engaged [[Edward Hammond Clarke]] in a debate on educating females. Clarke wrote an extremely popular book entitled ''Sex in Education; or, A Fair Chance for the Girls'' in which he argued against educating women in the same environment as men due to their supposed intellectual disadvantages. Duffey responded to Clarke's arguments with her book ''No Sex in Education; Or, An Equal Chance for Both Boys and Girls'' (1874) in which she advocated for the equal and co-education of both genders.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nosexineducatio00duffgoog|quote=Eliza Bisbee Duffey.|title=No Sex in Education: Or, An Equal Chance for Both Boys and Girls|last1=Duffey|first1=Eliza|date=1874|publisher=J. M. Stoddart & Company}}</ref> |
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Duffey continued to take controversial stances. The next topic she tackled was the relationship between men and women. In her book ''The Relations of the Sexes'' (1876), she discussed a myriad of topics from the biology of each of the sexes to problems faced by women in marriage. One of the boldest proclamations she made in her book was on the issue of non-consensual sex in marriage.<ref name=":1" /> She believed that [[marital rape]] was a real crime being committed and that it should be seen as equal to other forms of rape. In addition, she discussed spousal abuse of women and argued that brutality should be sufficient grounds for divorce. She continued this assertion in many of her writings and in one of her articles, she went so far as to say that a woman was "no more bound to yield her body to her husband after the marriage between them, than she was before, until she feels that she can do so with the full tide of willingness and affection." In continuation, her work and writing in ''The Relations of the Sexes'' (1876) illustrated how changing ideas in science impacted society's views on once-popular opinions. For instance, she takes a stand against the notion of [[quickening]], and claims that it does not represent a proper view of human gestation.<ref name=":1" /> |
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Just one year after publishing ''The Relations of the Sexes'', Duffey continued to write about her views on society with her 1877 book, ''The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette''. In this book she discusses the proper etiquette for 35 different situations in which an individual may find themselves. This book, though straightforward in its content, has a sharp introduction in which Duffey affirms that women should have a higher place in society.<ref name="Porter and Coates"/> |
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Later in life, Duffey became interested in [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualism]] and although she claimed to have little knowledge of the field, she wrote ''Heaven Revised'' (1889) through the technique of [[automatic writing]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/heavenrevised00duff|title=Heaven revised..|last=Duffey|first=E. B. (Eliza Bisbee)|date=1889|publisher=[n.p.]|others=The Library of Congress}}</ref> |
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{{feminism-stub}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 00:36, 26 March 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015) |
Eliza Bisbee Duffey (1838–1898) was an American painter, author, poet, newspaper editor and printer, columnist, spiritualist, and feminist who published several books in defense of women's rights.
Early life
[edit]Duffey was born to Cordelia and Charles A. Bisbee and raised in Geauga County, Ohio. While in Ohio she spent her early years working for The Jeffersonian Democrat as a printer. After moving to Columbus, Ohio to help edit the publication The Alliance, she met her husband, John B. Duffey.[1]
From 1861 to 1867 the Duffeys resided in Philadelphia. While there Eliza Bisbee Duffey exhibited her paintings at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts where she eventually became an Associate Member. By 1867, the Duffeys were living in Woodbury, New Jersey until relocating to Vineland, New Jersey in 1872 where she and her husband became editors and publishers of The Vineland Daily Times in 1877.[2]
Eliza was a strong advocate for equality between men and women. She published several essays and books about female sexual health and education, education for women, gender roles and the ideal world for both men and women. These works have influenced many reformers and advocates after her. Her body of work on gender issues includes articles, such as Women's Work and Women's Wages (1870) in Arthur's Illustrated,[3] and several books such as What Women Should Know: A Woman's Book about Women, Containing Practical Information for Wives and Mothers (1873),[4] The Relations of the Sexes (1889),[5] and The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette: A Complete Manual of the Manners and Dress of American Society. Containing Forms of Letters, Invitations, Acceptances and Regrets. With a Copious Index (1877).[6]
Scholarly work
[edit]As an ardent feminist in the Victorian era, Eliza Bisbee Duffey made waves with her pro-female writing. As a writer she engaged Edward Hammond Clarke in a debate on educating females. Clarke wrote an extremely popular book entitled Sex in Education; or, A Fair Chance for the Girls in which he argued against educating women in the same environment as men due to their supposed intellectual disadvantages. Duffey responded to Clarke's arguments with her book No Sex in Education; Or, An Equal Chance for Both Boys and Girls (1874) in which she advocated for the equal and co-education of both genders.[7]
Duffey continued to take controversial stances. The next topic she tackled was the relationship between men and women. In her book The Relations of the Sexes (1876), she discussed a myriad of topics from the biology of each of the sexes to problems faced by women in marriage. One of the boldest proclamations she made in her book was on the issue of non-consensual sex in marriage.[5] She believed that marital rape was a real crime being committed and that it should be seen as equal to other forms of rape. In addition, she discussed spousal abuse of women and argued that brutality should be sufficient grounds for divorce. She continued this assertion in many of her writings and in one of her articles, she went so far as to say that a woman was "no more bound to yield her body to her husband after the marriage between them, than she was before, until she feels that she can do so with the full tide of willingness and affection." In continuation, her work and writing in The Relations of the Sexes (1876) illustrated how changing ideas in science impacted society's views on once-popular opinions. For instance, she takes a stand against the notion of quickening, and claims that it does not represent a proper view of human gestation.[5]
Just one year after publishing The Relations of the Sexes, Duffey continued to write about her views on society with her 1877 book, The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette. In this book she discusses the proper etiquette for 35 different situations in which an individual may find themselves. This book, though straightforward in its content, has a sharp introduction in which Duffey affirms that women should have a higher place in society.[6]
Later in life, Duffey became interested in spiritualism and although she claimed to have little knowledge of the field, she wrote Heaven Revised (1889) through the technique of automatic writing.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Meggitt, Brian L. (March 21, 1996). Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: A Biographical Dictionary. The Kent State University Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0873386166.
- ^ Andrews, Frank.D (1916). Vineland Historical and Antiquarian Society. Vineland, NJ: Vineland Historical & Antiquarian Society. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-294-19630-3.
- ^ Arthur's Home Magazine. T.S. Arthur and Son. 1870.
- ^ Duffey, Eliza (1873). What Women Should Know: A Woman's Book about Women, Containing Practical Information for Wives and Mothers. J.M. Stoddart & Company.
- ^ a b c Duffey, Eliza (1889). The Relations of the Sexes. M.L. Holbrook & Company.
Eliza Bisbee Duffey.
- ^ a b Duffey, Eliza (1877). The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Etiquette: A Complete Manual of the Manners and Dress of American Society. Containing Forms of Letters, Invitations, Acceptances and Regrets. With a Copious Index. Porter and Coates.
eliza bisbee duffey.
- ^ Duffey, Eliza (1874). No Sex in Education: Or, An Equal Chance for Both Boys and Girls. J. M. Stoddart & Company.
Eliza Bisbee Duffey.
- ^ Duffey, E. B. (Eliza Bisbee) (1889). Heaven revised. The Library of Congress. [n.p.]
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