Excelsior (wood wool): Difference between revisions
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'''Wood wool''' is the name of a product from wood, wood fibers, scrapped from wood logs |
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<ref>[http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/tariffFilter?export=false&key.commodityCode=4405000000&r.lc=en&r.s=sl&simulationDate=6/1/09#4405000000 UK commodity code: Wood wool]</ref><ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds/cgi-bin/tarlist?Lang=EN&DesLang=EN&SimDate=20090106&Offset=1&Goods=wood+wool&Day=06&Month=01&Year=2009 EU TARIC, wood wool]</ref>. Mainly in north America, this product is known by the name '''Excelsior''' or "Excelsior wood" or "wood Excelsior", even thought its US commodity code is named "Wood wool (excelsior)"<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/rulings/tariffs/44050000.html US commodity code: Wood wool (excelsior)]</ref>. Wood wool can be used as is (or with minor processing), or it can be a raw material for the production of other products. |
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Wood wool is a different product from wood shavings. While wood shavings are evenly coiled, in wood wool the slivers of wood are curled or twisted to form a tangled mass<ref>[http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCES&itemId=1080282262 Classifying lightly worked wood, wood wool and wood flour]</ref>. |
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==Applications== |
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Wood wool or excelsior has several applications in packaging, cushioning, stuffing of stuffed animals, for the cooling pads in home [[evaporative cooling]] systems known as [[swamp cooler]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Popular Science | title = Solar air conditioners – the hotter it gets, the better they work | author = E. F. Lindsley | publisher = Times Mirror Magazines | date = July 1984 | pages = 64–66 | issn = 0161-7370 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AQROL_5mY5cC&pg=PA66&dq=evaporative+cooler+swamp+excelsior&lr=&as_brr=1&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=9SpkSZS_GYLkkwT904XuAg }}</ref> mats for ditch control - erosion control <ref>[http://www.westernexcelsior.com/products.html Erosion and sediment control products]</ref><ref>[http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn284.pdf Market Analysis of Erosion control Mats] United States Department of Agriculture</ref> (ECM-Erosion Control Mats), garden mulch, dog bedding, hutch bedding<ref>[http://www.woodwool.com.au/products.html Wood wool applications]</ref>, udder cleaning for diary cattle <ref>[http://www.woodwool.de/udderwoodwool.htm Udderwoodwool]</ref> and also for the production of bonded wood wool boards<ref>Wood wool Cement Boards, Production and use, page 284 in "The Ecology of Building Materials", Bjørn Berge, Filip Henley, Howard Liddell, Architectural Press, 2001, ISBN 0750654503, 9780750654500 [http://books.google.gr/books?id=1zPUSFXiW_kC&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=Wood+wool+properties&source=web&ots=5aPs4axSEX&sig=36HfOitq8Fqj8blAO9ovJaUU8HA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=6&ct=result#PPA284,M1]</ref>. |
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The width of these fibers varies from 1.5 to 20 mm, while their length is usually around 500 mm (depending on the production process). |
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When these fibers are bonded with cement or magnesite, bonded wood wool boards are produced. Slabs of bonded wood wool are considered environment friendly construction and insulation materials because they do not contain organic binders. |
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==Properties== |
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The fibers of wood wool can be compressed and when pressure is removed, they resume their initial volume. This is a useful property for minimizing freight. |
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Due to high volume and large surface area, wood wool can be used for applications where water / moisture retention is necesary. |
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In the UK there are specifications for dimensions, requirements on pH, moisture content and freedom from dust and small pieces, set by [[British Standard]] BS 2548 for wood wool for general packaging purposes<ref>[http://standards.quality.co.uk/bsi/bs37.htm BS 2548 Specification for wood wool for general packaging purposes] (British Standard)</ref>. Originally this standard was issued in 1954 and subsequently re-issued in 1986<ref name="BSI">[http://www.bsi-global.com/en/Shop/Publication-Detail/?pid=000000000000154977 BS 2548] BSI British Standards</ref>. |
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==Production== |
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Raw material for wood wool are round logs of [[poplar]]<ref>[http://www.euxton.com/blackpop.htm The Black Poplar]</ref> (for example [[aspen]]), [[pine]], [[spruce]] or [[eucalyptus]]<ref> |
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The suitability of Eucalyptus grandis and two provenances of Pinus kesiya for wood wool-cement slab manufacture |
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by A J Hawkes; A P Robinson; Publisher: London : Tropical Products Institute, 1978. ISBN:0859540863 9780859540865 [http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0859540863] |
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</ref>. |
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Wood wool can be produced in either horizontal shredding machines <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=17313 ISO 9567:1989 Woodworking machines -- Horizontal shredding machines for wood wool production, quadruple effect -- Nomenclature]</ref> or in vertical shredding machines<ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=17428 ISO 9615:1989 Woodworking machines -- Vertical shredding machines for wood wool production, with hydraulic clamping -- Nomenclature]</ref>. |
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A possible further processing option, is washing in order to remove dust<ref>[http://www.wineschoppen.co.uk/acatalog/gift-box-filler.html "Our wood wool is washed and cleaned to remove as much dust as possible"]</ref>. |
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Wood wool processing may involve drying, to achieve lower moisture<ref>[http://www.winebox.co.uk/Wood-Wool-Kiln-Dried-5kg-Tolerance-250g Kiln dried wood wool]</ref> in compliance with local requirements (as in the UK<ref name="BSI"></ref>). |
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Finally, wood wool can be dyed, producing a variety of coloured products. |
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==See also== |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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[[de:Holzwolle]] |
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[[el:Ξυλόμαλλο]] |
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[[sv:Träull]] |
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Revision as of 16:00, 24 January 2009
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