Futanari: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Futanari.png|thumb|Example illustration of two common futanari variants]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Futanari''' ([[Japanese writing system|jap.]] {{lang|ja|ふたなり}}, seldom: {{lang|ja|二形}}, {{lang|ja|双形}}, literally: ‚''dual form''‘, {{lang|ja|二成}}, {{lang|ja|双成}}, literally: ‚''[to be of] two kinds''‘), is the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] word for [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditism]], which is also used in a broader sense for [[androgyny]].<ref name="Leupp">Leupp, Gary P.[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a6q-PqPDAmIC&pg=PA174&dq=futanari&hl=en&ei=XlcnTLqUII7KjAeW-7V5&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=futanari&f=false ''Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan''], University of California Press 1997, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-520-20900-8</ref><ref name="krauss">{{de icon}} Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. ''Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes ; folkloristische Studien'', Schustek, 1965, pp. 79, 81</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Futanari ( |
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Beyond Japan the term is used to describe a commonly pornographic genre of [[Eroge|computer games]], [[Manga|comics]] and [[Anime|animations]], which includes characters that show both primary sexual characteristics.<ref name="Leupp"/> But in todays language it refers almost exclusively for characters who have a overall feminine appearance. In that case the term is also often abbreviated as ''futa(s)'', which is occasionally also used as term for the works itself.<ref name="krauss"/> |
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== History in Japanese culture == |
== History in Japanese culture == |
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In Japanese society, interest in futanari dates back hundreds of years, and may have roots in the worship of Dosojin, who was portrayed as a phallus, despite being neither male nor female.<ref name=Leupp /> Until 1644, when Japanese onnagata actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, |
In Japanese society, interest in ''futanari'' dates back hundreds of years, and may have roots in the worship of [[Dosojin]], who was portrayed as a phallus, despite being neither male nor female.<ref name=Leupp /> Until 1644, when Japanese ''[[onnagata]]'' actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalised on the interest in the ''futanari'' quality, which was common in both [[samurai]] and commoner society.<ref name=Leupp /> |
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== In anime and manga == |
== In anime and manga == |
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There is a specific futanari genre within hentai (pornographic anime or manga), which depicts hermaphrodite characters. |
There is a specific ''futanari'' genre within ''[[hentai]]'' ([[pornography|pornographic]] [[anime]] or [[manga]] related media), which depicts [[hermaphrodite]] characters. Inside the Japanese language ''futanari'' originally referred to any character or person that possessed masculine and feminine traits. As the genre got more popular in the 90's it is now usually used to name the genre, to define the characters and to refer to works that depict hermaphrodite characters.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Netporn: DIY web culture and sexual politics |series=Critical media studies: institutions, politics, and culture |first=Katrien |last=Jacobs |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2007 |isbn=0-7425-5432-5 |pages=103–104 }}</ref> Inside the English language they are also often referred as ''shemale'', despite the fact that this term is of different, not Japanese, origin and is often seen as vulgar. While the English speaking community adopted the more polite term ''futanari'' (or short ''futa'' [ふた]), the Japanese community adopted the English term ''[[transsexualism|newhalf]]'' (ニューハーフ), with futanari tending to refer to hermaphrodites and newhalf tending to refer specifically to characters with female bodies but only male genitals. |
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=== Origins === |
=== Origins === |
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Futanari manga |
Futanari manga became popular in the 1990s and quickly became a pervasive part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres.<ref name="MTCG"/> [[Toshiki Yui]]'s ''[[Hot Tails]]'' has been described as the best known exponent of the genre in the West.<ref name="MTCG">{{Cite book|last=Thompson |first=Jason |authorlink=Jason Thompson (writer) |title=[[Manga: The Complete Guide]] |date=October 9, 2007 |publisher=[[Del Rey Books|Del Rey]] |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-345-48590-8 |oclc=85833345 |page=452 |chapter=Adult Reviews}}</ref> |
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There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of futanari came into being. The most obvious is the close relationship that the futanari fetish shares with Western "shemale" pornography. However due to the way it is executed, futanari probably shares more in common with the yuri genre. Futanari can be seen as an extension of the lesbian theme where it is used instead of a strap-on dildo or equivalent, that is, in cases involving a futanari character and a woman. |
There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of ''futanari'' came into being. The most obvious is the close relationship that the ''futanari'' fetish shares with Western "[[shemale]]" pornography. However due to the way it is executed, ''futanari'' probably shares more in common with the ''[[yuri (genre)|yuri]]'' genre. ''Futanari'' can be seen as an extension of the [[lesbian]] theme where it is used instead of a [[strap-on dildo]] or equivalent, that is, in cases involving a ''futanari'' character and a woman.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} |
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Only a very small subset of ''futanari'' characters "become" futa due to male to female transformations; most are developed by other, more outlandish means, often from women. This allows story lines to take a more lesbian context which is more palatable to many readers. |
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''Futanari'' may also be seen as a way in which [[heterosexual]] [[male]]/[[female]] [[empathy]] can be inserted into a predominately lesbian scene. Obviously, one of the main difficulties that heterosexual male and female observers have with lesbian scenes is that it is difficult for them to empathise or see themselves in the situation.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} In the ''futanari'' fetish, this becomes possible and this may appeal to a part of the ''futanari'' community.{{Clarify|date=June 2010}}{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} |
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| ⚫ | In anime aimed at a broad audience, the [[gender bender]] or [[cross-dressing]] storylines have always been popular. Popular examples include anime such as ''[[Ranma ½]]'', ''[[Kampfer]]'' and ''[[Futaba-Kun Change!]]'' (in which the main character changes from male to female)<ref name=ccies>{{cite web|title=Sex, Love and Women in Japanese Comics|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/ccies/jp.php#8d|work=International Encyclopedia of Sexuality|accessdate=14 May 2012|author=Timothy Perper|coauthors=Martha Cornog}}</ref> and ''[[I My Me! Strawberry Eggs]]'' (which takes on a more cross-dressing theme). |
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== Types == |
== Types == |
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While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both [[male genitalia|male]] and [[female genitalia|female]] genitalia, to |
While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both [[male genitalia|male]] and [[female genitalia|female]] genitalia, to only female genitalia, like a very strongly pronounced, penis shaped clitoris. The penis might be depicted with or without testicles. Characters without primary female genitalia may be also called futanari, but it got more and more common to use the borrowed term ''dick girl'' instead. The origins of futanari characters within a story can range from being formerly male with the feminine traits appearing at a later time, being born female with the masculine traits appearing at a later point, or being born hermaphrodites from the beginning. However, these variations in type and origin are generally used to the same functional ends, while the narration style depends on the composition of the used character archetypes. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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'''Notes''' |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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'''Bibliography''' |
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* Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9. |
* Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9. |
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==External links== |
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{{wiktionary}} |
*{{wiktionary-inline}} |
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{{Japanese erotic cinema}} |
{{Japanese erotic cinema}} |
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Revision as of 00:18, 23 March 2013
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (February 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Futanari (jap. ふたなり, seldom: 二形, 双形, literally: ‚dual form‘, 二成, 双成, literally: ‚[to be of] two kinds‘), is the Japanese word for hermaphroditism, which is also used in a broader sense for androgyny.[1][2]
Beyond Japan the term is used to describe a commonly pornographic genre of computer games, comics and animations, which includes characters that show both primary sexual characteristics.[1] But in todays language it refers almost exclusively for characters who have a overall feminine appearance. In that case the term is also often abbreviated as futa(s), which is occasionally also used as term for the works itself.[2]
History in Japanese culture
In Japanese society, interest in futanari dates back hundreds of years, and may have roots in the worship of Dosojin, who was portrayed as a phallus, despite being neither male nor female.[1] Until 1644, when Japanese onnagata actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalised on the interest in the futanari quality, which was common in both samurai and commoner society.[1]
In anime and manga
There is a specific futanari genre within hentai (pornographic anime or manga related media), which depicts hermaphrodite characters. Inside the Japanese language futanari originally referred to any character or person that possessed masculine and feminine traits. As the genre got more popular in the 90's it is now usually used to name the genre, to define the characters and to refer to works that depict hermaphrodite characters.[3] Inside the English language they are also often referred as shemale, despite the fact that this term is of different, not Japanese, origin and is often seen as vulgar. While the English speaking community adopted the more polite term futanari (or short futa [ふた]), the Japanese community adopted the English term newhalf (ニューハーフ), with futanari tending to refer to hermaphrodites and newhalf tending to refer specifically to characters with female bodies but only male genitals.
Origins
Futanari manga became popular in the 1990s and quickly became a pervasive part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres.[4] Toshiki Yui's Hot Tails has been described as the best known exponent of the genre in the West.[4]
There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of futanari came into being. The most obvious is the close relationship that the futanari fetish shares with Western "shemale" pornography. However due to the way it is executed, futanari probably shares more in common with the yuri genre. Futanari can be seen as an extension of the lesbian theme where it is used instead of a strap-on dildo or equivalent, that is, in cases involving a futanari character and a woman.[citation needed]
Only a very small subset of futanari characters "become" futa due to male to female transformations; most are developed by other, more outlandish means, often from women. This allows story lines to take a more lesbian context which is more palatable to many readers.
Futanari may also be seen as a way in which heterosexual male/female empathy can be inserted into a predominately lesbian scene. Obviously, one of the main difficulties that heterosexual male and female observers have with lesbian scenes is that it is difficult for them to empathise or see themselves in the situation.[citation needed] In the futanari fetish, this becomes possible and this may appeal to a part of the futanari community.[clarification needed][citation needed]
In anime aimed at a broad audience, the gender bender or cross-dressing storylines have always been popular. Popular examples include anime such as Ranma ½, Kampfer and Futaba-Kun Change! (in which the main character changes from male to female)[5] and I My Me! Strawberry Eggs (which takes on a more cross-dressing theme).
Types
While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both male and female genitalia, to only female genitalia, like a very strongly pronounced, penis shaped clitoris. The penis might be depicted with or without testicles. Characters without primary female genitalia may be also called futanari, but it got more and more common to use the borrowed term dick girl instead. The origins of futanari characters within a story can range from being formerly male with the feminine traits appearing at a later time, being born female with the masculine traits appearing at a later point, or being born hermaphrodites from the beginning. However, these variations in type and origin are generally used to the same functional ends, while the narration style depends on the composition of the used character archetypes.
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d Leupp, Gary P.Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan, University of California Press 1997, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-520-20900-8
- ^ a b Template:De icon Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes ; folkloristische Studien, Schustek, 1965, pp. 79, 81
- ^ Jacobs, Katrien (2007). Netporn: DIY web culture and sexual politics. Critical media studies: institutions, politics, and culture. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0-7425-5432-5.
- ^ a b Thompson, Jason (October 9, 2007). "Adult Reviews". Manga: The Complete Guide. New York, New York: Del Rey. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-345-48590-8. OCLC 85833345.
- ^ Timothy Perper. "Sex, Love and Women in Japanese Comics". International Encyclopedia of Sexuality. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
Bibliography
- Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9.
External links
The dictionary definition of futanari at Wiktionary
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