Society hotspot: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Hotspots.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The Society hotspot is marked 38 on the map.]] |
[[Image:Hotspots.jpg|right|thumb|450px|The Society hotspot is marked 38 on the map.]] |
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The '''Society hotspot''' is a volcanic province in the south [[Pacific Ocean]] which is responsible for the formation of the [[Society Islands]], an archipelago of fourteen volcanic islands and [[atoll]]s spanning around 720 km of the ocean.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neall |first1=V.E. |last2=Trewick |first2=S.A. |date=2008 |title=The age and origin of the Pacific islands: A geological overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2607379/ |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B |volume=363 |issue=1508 |pages=3293-3308 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0119}}</ref> |
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The '''Society hotspot''' is a [[hotspot (geology)|volcanic hotspot]] located in the [[Pacific Ocean]], and is responsible for the creation of the [[Society Islands]]. |
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There are currently two main hypotheses concerning the cause of volcanic activity. According to the [[mantle plume]] theory, the Society hotspot is underlain by a deep mantle plume which has transported hot material to the surface, creating the chain as the [[Pacific Plate]] has moved northwest over the plume. Age progression along the chain supports this view.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Niu |first1=F. |last2=Solomon |first2=S.C. |last3=Silver |first3=P.G. |last4=Suetsugu |first4=D. |last5=Inoue | first5=H. |date=2002 |title=Mantle transition-zone structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell and evidence for a mantle plume underlying the Society hotspot |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X0200523X?casa_token=1z5fu5kVJTIAAAAA:ito5-D19qyEGjsrRvbPDzYMhAe9S3lHYhhOrdmYHFO3BHUbtqZu2LQLB913VffEoazAGNx4x |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=198 |issue=3-4 |pages=371-380 |doi=10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00523-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koppers |first1=A.A.P. |last2=Staudigel |first2=H. |last3=Pringle |first3=M.S. |last4=Wijbrans |first4=J.R. |date=2003 |title=Short‐lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: Hot spots or extensional volcanism? |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2003GC000533 |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=4 |issue=10 |doi=10.1029/2003GC000533}}</ref> |
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Other features, however, such as the lack of an initial flood [[basalt]] at the old end of the chain and short-lived volcanic activity,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clouard |first1=V. |last2=Bonneville |first2=A. |date=2001 |title=How many Pacific hotspots are fed by deep-mantle plumes? |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/29/8/695/192078/How-many-Pacific-hotspots-are-fed-by-deep-mantle?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Geology |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=695 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0695:HMPHAF>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> are inconsistent with the plume hypothesis and suggest instead a tectonic cause – the [[Plate theory (volcanism)|plate theory]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Foulger |first1=G.R. |last2=Natland |first2=J.H. |date=2003 |title=Is "hotspot" volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics? |url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5621/921|journal=Science |volume=300 |issue=5621 |pages=921-922 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083376}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Foulger |first=G.R. |editor-last1=Foulger |editor-first1=G.R. |editor-last2=Jurdy |editor-first2=D.M. |title=Plates, plumes, and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430 |publisher=The Geological Society of America |date=2007 |pages=1-28 |chapter=The ‘plate’ model for the genesis of melting anomalies |isbn=978-0813724300}}</ref> On this view, the Society and other volcanic chains in the Pacific result from a system of fissures caused by intraplate stresses related to thermal contraction of the [[lithosphere]], [[subduction]]-induced flow of the asthenosphere, and changes in the configuration of [[plate boundaries]] which enable pre-existing [[Magma|melt]] in the [[Crust (geology)|crust]] and shallow [[mantle]] to escape to the surface.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hieronymus |first1=C.F. |last2=Bercovici |first2=D. |date=2000 |title=Non-hotspot formation of volcanic chains: Control of tectonic and flexural stresses on magma transport |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X00002272 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=181 |issue=4 |pages=539-554 |doi=10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00227-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Natland |first1=J.H. |last2=Winterer |first2=E.L. |editor-last1=Foulger |editor-first1=G.R. |editor-last2=Natland |editor-first2=J.H. |editor-last3=Presnall |editor-first3=D.C. |editor-last4=Anderson |editor-first4=D.L. |title=Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388 |publisher=Geological Society of America |date=2005 |pages=687-710 |chapter=Fissure control on volcanic action in the Pacific |isbn=9780813723884 |doi=10.1130/2005.2388(39)}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 18:01, 1 February 2021
The Society hotspot is a volcanic province in the south Pacific Ocean which is responsible for the formation of the Society Islands, an archipelago of fourteen volcanic islands and atolls spanning around 720 km of the ocean.[1]
There are currently two main hypotheses concerning the cause of volcanic activity. According to the mantle plume theory, the Society hotspot is underlain by a deep mantle plume which has transported hot material to the surface, creating the chain as the Pacific Plate has moved northwest over the plume. Age progression along the chain supports this view.[2][3]
Other features, however, such as the lack of an initial flood basalt at the old end of the chain and short-lived volcanic activity,[4] are inconsistent with the plume hypothesis and suggest instead a tectonic cause – the plate theory.[5][6] On this view, the Society and other volcanic chains in the Pacific result from a system of fissures caused by intraplate stresses related to thermal contraction of the lithosphere, subduction-induced flow of the asthenosphere, and changes in the configuration of plate boundaries which enable pre-existing melt in the crust and shallow mantle to escape to the surface.[7][8]
See also
References
- ^ Neall, V.E.; Trewick, S.A. (2008). "The age and origin of the Pacific islands: A geological overview". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 363 (1508): 3293–3308. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0119.
- ^ Niu, F.; Solomon, S.C.; Silver, P.G.; Suetsugu, D.; Inoue, H. (2002). "Mantle transition-zone structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell and evidence for a mantle plume underlying the Society hotspot". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 198 (3–4): 371–380. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00523-X.
- ^ Koppers, A.A.P.; Staudigel, H.; Pringle, M.S.; Wijbrans, J.R. (2003). "Short‐lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: Hot spots or extensional volcanism?". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 4 (10). doi:10.1029/2003GC000533.
- ^ Clouard, V.; Bonneville, A. (2001). "How many Pacific hotspots are fed by deep-mantle plumes?". Geology. 29 (8): 695. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0695:HMPHAF>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Foulger, G.R.; Natland, J.H. (2003). "Is "hotspot" volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics?". Science. 300 (5621): 921–922. doi:10.1126/science.1083376.
- ^ Foulger, G.R. (2007). "The 'plate' model for the genesis of melting anomalies". In Foulger, G.R.; Jurdy, D.M. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430. The Geological Society of America. pp. 1–28. ISBN 978-0813724300.
- ^ Hieronymus, C.F.; Bercovici, D. (2000). "Non-hotspot formation of volcanic chains: Control of tectonic and flexural stresses on magma transport". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 181 (4): 539–554. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00227-2.
- ^ Natland, J.H.; Winterer, E.L. (2005). "Fissure control on volcanic action in the Pacific". In Foulger, G.R.; Natland, J.H.; Presnall, D.C.; Anderson, D.L. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388. Geological Society of America. pp. 687–710. doi:10.1130/2005.2388(39). ISBN 9780813723884.
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