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'''Harry Ferris Brazenor''' (21 July 1863 – 10 March 1948) was a British [[taxidermy|taxidermist]]. He was known especially for his work for [[Manchester Museum|Manchester]] and [[Salford Museum and Art Gallery|Salford]] museums, besides other institutions in [[Northern England]]. At Manchester Museum he was recognised for his taxidermy-mounted [[sperm whale]] skeleton, giraffe, polar bear, and a wolf with painted "blood" on its teeth. His work for Salford Museum included an [[Asian elephant]] displayed next to a tiny [[shrew]]. His Salford tiger was transferred to [[Leeds City Museum]] and is still displayed there. For [[Great North Museum: Hancock|Hancock Museum]] at [[Newcastle-on-Tyne]] he mounted a [[bison]] bull, and for the former [[Belle Vue Zoological Gardens]] he mounted an [[Indian rhinoceros]].
'''Harry Ferris Brazenor''' (21 July 1863 – 10 March 1948) was a British [[taxidermy|taxidermist]]. He was known especially for his work for [[Manchester Museum|Manchester]] and [[Salford Museum and Art Gallery|Salford]] museums, besides other institutions in [[Northern England]]. At Manchester Museum he was recognised for his taxidermy-mounted [[sperm whale]] skeleton, giraffe, polar bear, and a wolf with painted "blood" on its teeth. His work for Salford Museum included an [[Asian elephant]] displayed next to a tiny [[shrew]]. His Salford tiger was transferred to [[Leeds City Museum]] and is still displayed there. For [[Great North Museum: Hancock|Hancock Museum]] at [[Newcastle-on-Tyne]] he mounted a [[bison]] bull, and for the former [[Belle Vue Zoological Gardens]] he mounted an [[Indian rhinoceros]].


He was born into a family of taxidermists. His father, Robert Wilding Brazenor, founded the taxidermy company Brazenor Brothers in [[Brighton]] in 1863, the year Harry was born, and Harry began his career with the family firm, alongside his brothers. His nephew H.C.F. Brazenor was deputy director of [[Brighton Museum & Art Gallery]] and [[Royal Pavilion|Brighton Pavilion]].
He was born into a family of taxidermists. His father, Robert Wilding Brazenor, founded the taxidermy company Brazenor Brothers in [[Brighton]] in 1863, the year Harry was born, and Harry began his career with the family firm, alongside his brothers. His nephew H.C.F. Brazenor was deputy director of [[Brighton Museum & Art Gallery]] and [[Royal Pavilion|Brighton Pavilion]].
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==Career==
==Career==
By 1881, when Brazenor was around 18 years old, he was a taxidermist's assistant, living with his parents in Brighton.<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1881. RG11/1085. p.5, schedule 33. 39 Lewes Road, Brighton, Sussex |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7572/images/SSXRG11_1085_1089-0070?ssrc=&backlabel=Return&pId=21990377 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1881}}</ref> By 1891, he was running a taxidermy business from home under his own name in Churchgate, [[Stockport]], and living with his wife at 11 Bridge Street, Manchester.<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1891. RG12/3240, p.9, schedule 102. 11 Bridge Street, Manchester. |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/6598/images/LANRG12_3238_3240-0619?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=bbc4a09e6cc2de4542a5f871b63a3af3&pId=21028681 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1891}}</ref><ref name="Alberti 2009" /> By 1901, he was living with his wife and three daughters at 54 Churchgate, Stockport, and was still running the business from home, while contracting for museum work,<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1901. RG13/3297, p.20. 54 Churchgate, Stockport |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7814/images/CHSRG13_3296_3297-0417?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=78d46880a0a18be0667fff223ac5379c&pId=19546532 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1901}}</ref> however the business went bankrupt on 6 February 1901.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Bankruptcy Acts |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19010130/023/0004 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=30 January 1901 |page=4 col.2}}</ref> In 1905, Brazenor won a court case in which he had been unjustifiably sued for mounting the skin of the wrong pet dog.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lady fancier's curious claim |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19050925/112/0008 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=25 September 1905 |page=8 col 3}}</ref> By 1911, Brazenor was an employee of Manchester Museum, and living with his family at Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles. At that point his eldest daughter was a [[dressmaker]], and the youngest was an apprenticed [[Tailor|tailoress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1911, schedule 33, Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2352/images/rg14_23586_0065_03?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=9910646e1683e18282880c9df929c433&pId=23485374 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1911}}</ref> By 1939, Brazenor had retired, and was still living in Eccles.<ref>{{cite web |title=The National Archives; Kew, London, England; 1939 Register; Reference: RG 101/4750A |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/discoveryui-content/view/28161182:61596?tid=&pid=&queryId=dbc6bdb59650ae3e6cc4e0befd7db1f4&_phsrc=ZpY1125&_phstart=successSource |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1939}}</ref>
By 1881, when Brazenor was around 18 years old, he was a taxidermist's assistant, living with his parents in Brighton.<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1881. RG11/1085. p.5, schedule 33. 39 Lewes Road, Brighton, Sussex |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7572/images/SSXRG11_1085_1089-0070?ssrc=&backlabel=Return&pId=21990377 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1881}}</ref> By 1891, he was running a taxidermy business from home under his own name in Churchgate, [[Stockport]], and living with his wife at 11 Bridge Street, Manchester.<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1891. RG12/3240, p.9, schedule 102. 11 Bridge Street, Manchester. |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/6598/images/LANRG12_3238_3240-0619?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=bbc4a09e6cc2de4542a5f871b63a3af3&pId=21028681 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1891}}</ref><ref name="Alberti 2009" /> By 1901, he was living with his wife and three daughters at 54 Churchgate, Stockport, and was still running the business from home, while contracting for museum work,<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1901. RG13/3297, p.20. 54 Churchgate, Stockport |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7814/images/CHSRG13_3296_3297-0417?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=78d46880a0a18be0667fff223ac5379c&pId=19546532 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1901}}</ref> however the business went bankrupt on 6 February 1901.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Bankruptcy Acts |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19010130/023/0004 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=30 January 1901 |page=4 col.2}}</ref> In 1905, Brazenor won a court case in which he had been unjustifiably sued for mounting the skin of the wrong pet dog.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lady fancier's curious claim |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19050925/112/0008 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=25 September 1905 |page=8 col 3}}</ref> By 1911, Brazenor was an employee of Manchester Museum, and living with his family at Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles. At that point his eldest daughter was a [[dressmaker]], and the youngest was an apprenticed [[tailor]]ess.<ref>{{cite web |title=England Census 1911, schedule 33, Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2352/images/rg14_23586_0065_03?backlabel=ReturnSearchResults&queryId=9910646e1683e18282880c9df929c433&pId=23485374 |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1911}}</ref> By 1939, Brazenor had retired, and was still living in Eccles.<ref>{{cite web |title=The National Archives; Kew, London, England; 1939 Register; Reference: RG 101/4750A |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/discoveryui-content/view/28161182:61596?tid=&pid=&queryId=dbc6bdb59650ae3e6cc4e0befd7db1f4&_phsrc=ZpY1125&_phstart=successSource |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=1939}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
===Belle View Zoological Gardens, Manchester===
===Belle View Zoological Gardens, Manchester===
In 1905, Brazenor mounted an [[Indian rhinoceros]] for [[Belle Vue Zoological Gardens]].<ref name="Manchester Courier 8 July 1905" />
In 1905, Brazenor mounted an [[Indian rhinoceros]] for [[Belle Vue Zoological Gardens]].<ref name="Manchester Courier 8 July 1905" />


===Manchester Museum===
===Manchester Museum===
In 1898, Brazenor spent three weeks assembling the skeleton of an {{convert|11|m|ft|adj=on}} juvenile [[sperm whale]] which had been [[Cetacean stranding|beached]] in [[Massachusetts]] in February 1896.<ref name="Bennett 2020" /> It was purchased from the [[Ward's Natural Science|Natural Science Establishment]] by the director of [[Manchester Museum]] [[William Evans Hoyle]] in 1897,<ref name="Alberti 2009" /> and shipped from [[Rochester, New York]], via the [[Manchester Ship Canal]] to the museum, in three crates.<ref name="Bennett 2020" >{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Shaun |title=Creatures of the deep and how to save them |url=https://storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/2020/05/29/creatures-of-the-deep/ |website=storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=26 September 2021 |date=29 May 2020 }} (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alberti |first1=Samuel J.M.M. |editor1-last=Dudley |editor1-first=Sandra H. |title=Museum Objects: experiencing the properties of things |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=9780415581783 |page=91 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Museum_Objects/-Ym4YABrzRAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Harry+Brazenor&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sperm Whale skeleton. Accession number A.228 |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/narratives/display.php?irn=10355&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2Fnarratives%2Findex.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> "The whale was suspended from the ceiling of the mammal gallery, where it became an iconic specimen, emblematic of the Museum as a whole".<ref name="Alberti 2009" >{{cite book |last1=Alberti |first1=Samuel J.M.M. |title=Nature and Culture: objects, disciplines and the Manchester Museum|ISBN=9780719089039 |date=2009 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester |page=126 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Nature_and_culture/hXACEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Harry+Brazenor&pg=PA126&printsec=frontcover |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
In 1898, Brazenor spent three weeks assembling the skeleton of an {{convert|11|m|ft|adj=on}} juvenile [[sperm whale]] which had been [[Cetacean stranding|beached]] in [[Massachusetts]] in February 1896.<ref name="Bennett 2020" /> It was purchased from the [[Ward's Natural Science|Natural Science Establishment]] by the director of [[Manchester Museum]] [[William Evans Hoyle]] in 1897,<ref name="Alberti 2009" /> and shipped from [[Rochester, New York]], via the [[Manchester Ship Canal]] to the museum, in three crates.<ref name="Bennett 2020" >{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Shaun |title=Creatures of the deep and how to save them |url=https://storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/2020/05/29/creatures-of-the-deep/ |website=storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=26 September 2021 |date=29 May 2020 }} (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alberti |first1=Samuel J.M.M. |editor1-last=Dudley |editor1-first=Sandra H. |title=Museum Objects: experiencing the properties of things |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=9780415581783 |page=91 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Museum_Objects/-Ym4YABrzRAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Harry+Brazenor&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sperm Whale skeleton. Accession number A.228 |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/narratives/display.php?irn=10355&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2Fnarratives%2Findex.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> "The whale was suspended from the ceiling of the mammal gallery, where it became an iconic specimen, emblematic of the Museum as a whole".<ref name="Alberti 2009" >{{cite book |last1=Alberti |first1=Samuel J.M.M. |title=Nature and Culture: objects, disciplines and the Manchester Museum|ISBN=9780719089039 |date=2009 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester |page=126 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Nature_and_culture/hXACEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Harry+Brazenor&pg=PA126&printsec=frontcover |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>


In 1900, Brazenor mounted two [[northern fulmar]]s for Manchester Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=[B.3328] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/Display.php?irn=110939&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2FZooQuery.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=[B.3329] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/Display.php?irn=592674&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2FZooQuery.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> In 1905, he mounted Maggie the giraffe for the museum. This giraffe skin and that of the Indian rhinoceros for Belle Vue Zoo were presented by Messrs Jennison, who managed the zoo.<ref name="Manchester Courier 8 July 1905" >{{cite news |title=Penguins and chimpanzee |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19050708/238/0018 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=8 July 1905 |page=18 col 5}}</ref> During the early 20th century, Brazenor mounted the Dundee wolf (an imported skin from Canada via [[The McManus|Dundee Museum]]), giving it a frightening aspect with painted "blood" on its teeth, in accordance with the [[archetype]]s of that era.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGhie |first1=Henry |title=Wolf taxidermy in Manchester Museum |url=https://naturemanchester.wordpress.com/2014/11/02/wolf-taxidermy-in-manchester-museum/ |website=naturemanchester.wordpress.com |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=26 September 2021 |date=2 November 2014}} (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)</ref> At an unknown date, Brazenor mounted the Manchester polar bear, which was imported from the [[Arctic]] via Captain Milne of the [[Whaler|whaling ship]] SS ''Eclipse'', and Dundee Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=28. Polar bear |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/narratives/display.php?irn=10134&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2Fnarratives%2Findex.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
In 1900, Brazenor mounted two [[northern fulmar]]s for Manchester Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=[B.3328] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/Display.php?irn=110939&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2FZooQuery.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=[B.3329] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/Display.php?irn=592674&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2FZooQuery.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> In 1905, he mounted Maggie the giraffe for the museum. This giraffe skin and that of the Indian rhinoceros for Belle Vue Zoo were presented by Messrs Jennison, who managed the zoo.<ref name="Manchester Courier 8 July 1905" >{{cite news |title=Penguins and chimpanzee |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19050708/238/0018 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=8 July 1905 |page=18 col 5}}</ref> During the early 20th century, Brazenor mounted the Dundee wolf (an imported skin from Canada via [[The McManus|Dundee Museum]]), giving it a frightening aspect with painted "blood" on its teeth, in accordance with the [[archetype]]s of that era.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGhie |first1=Henry |title=Wolf taxidermy in Manchester Museum |url=https://naturemanchester.wordpress.com/2014/11/02/wolf-taxidermy-in-manchester-museum/ |website=naturemanchester.wordpress.com |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=26 September 2021 |date=2 November 2014}} (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)</ref> At an unknown date, Brazenor mounted the Manchester polar bear, which was imported from the [[Arctic]] via Captain Milne of the [[Whaler|whaling ship]] SS ''Eclipse'', and Dundee Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=28. Polar bear |url=http://harbour.man.ac.uk/mmcustom/narratives/display.php?irn=10134&QueryPage=%2Fmmcustom%2Fnarratives%2Findex.php |website=harbour.man.ac.uk/ |publisher=Manchester Museum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
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<blockquote>Under the supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen, director of the Salford Museums, the natural history collection since being transferred to [[Buile Hill Park|Buile Hill]] has been considerably improved by arrangement and judicious additions. In no department perhaps is this so marked as the zoological sections. The elephant, for instance, mounted in such realism, is an attractive and useful exhibit, and presents a striking contrast to the shrew mouse alongside. The work that has been done among the [[Birds of Britain|British birds]] is most effective, and by the re-mounting of old specimens and the addition of new ones a collection once somewhat dilapidated is being raised into an attractive and educationally useful possession for the town. A remarkably fine case is that of marine diving birds arranged on the ledges of a cliff showing eggs, young and adult birds. Opposite this case is another containing a group of the principal [[Flightless bird|wingless birds]], ranging in size from the ostrich to the [[kiwi (bird)|kiwi]] or ''apteryx''. Several representatives of the ''[[Carnivora]]'' are handsomely mounted. The lion, tiger, [[Asian black bear|Hymalayan bear]], [[hyena]], and [[puma (species)|puma]] are in surroundings suggestive of natural environment. In the same room is a large case devoted to the exhibition of a fine collection of heads of [[Big-game hunting|big game]] collected in [[Rhodesia]] by Mr Robert E. Hailwood and presented by him to the Natural History Museum of his native town. The collection is one which any museum might be proud to possess. Every month this museum increases in importance and attractiveness. The taxidermy, which is of a first-rate order, is being done by Mr Harry Brazenor under the general supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen.<ref name="Manchester Evening News 26 March 1909" />{{refn|In 1906 '''Buile Hill Mansion''' (now a listed building) in [[Buile Hill Park]] opened as a natural history museum. However by World War I it was a military base, and in 1940 it was bombed. It was recently a conference centre renamed Buile Hill Park Hall. '''Benjamin Henry Mullen''' ([[Dublin]] 1862 – [[Bournemouth]] 1925) was a graduate of [[Trinity College Dublin]], Curator and Chief Librarian for Salford Museums, Libraries and Parks Committee, and author of books on art, ethnology and orthography.|group=nb}}</blockquote>
<blockquote>Under the supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen, director of the Salford Museums, the natural history collection since being transferred to [[Buile Hill Park|Buile Hill]] has been considerably improved by arrangement and judicious additions. In no department perhaps is this so marked as the zoological sections. The elephant, for instance, mounted in such realism, is an attractive and useful exhibit, and presents a striking contrast to the shrew mouse alongside. The work that has been done among the [[Birds of Britain|British birds]] is most effective, and by the re-mounting of old specimens and the addition of new ones a collection once somewhat dilapidated is being raised into an attractive and educationally useful possession for the town. A remarkably fine case is that of marine diving birds arranged on the ledges of a cliff showing eggs, young and adult birds. Opposite this case is another containing a group of the principal [[Flightless bird|wingless birds]], ranging in size from the ostrich to the [[kiwi (bird)|kiwi]] or ''apteryx''. Several representatives of the ''[[Carnivora]]'' are handsomely mounted. The lion, tiger, [[Asian black bear|Hymalayan bear]], [[hyena]], and [[puma (species)|puma]] are in surroundings suggestive of natural environment. In the same room is a large case devoted to the exhibition of a fine collection of heads of [[Big-game hunting|big game]] collected in [[Rhodesia]] by Mr Robert E. Hailwood and presented by him to the Natural History Museum of his native town. The collection is one which any museum might be proud to possess. Every month this museum increases in importance and attractiveness. The taxidermy, which is of a first-rate order, is being done by Mr Harry Brazenor under the general supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen.<ref name="Manchester Evening News 26 March 1909" />{{refn|In 1906 '''Buile Hill Mansion''' (now a listed building) in [[Buile Hill Park]] opened as a natural history museum. However by World War I it was a military base, and in 1940 it was bombed. It was recently a conference centre renamed Buile Hill Park Hall. '''Benjamin Henry Mullen''' ([[Dublin]] 1862 – [[Bournemouth]] 1925) was a graduate of [[Trinity College Dublin]], Curator and Chief Librarian for Salford Museums, Libraries and Parks Committee, and author of books on art, ethnology and orthography.|group=nb}}</blockquote>


Salford Museum passed all its taxidermy to other museums in 1982. [[Leeds City Museum]] received seven examples of taxidermy by Brazenor, from Salford: they are the Salford [[night monkey]], the Salford [[brown woolly monkey]], the Salford [[orangutan]], the Salford [[Himalayan black bear]], the Salford [[leopard]], the Salford tiger (1914),<ref>Leeds Discovery Centre record reference: Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. This says that Harry Brazenor mounted the Salford tiger at Salford Museum in 1914, and that the tiger was transferred to Leeds Museum in 1982</ref> and the Salford [[wedge-capped capuchin]].{{refn|Taxidermied exhibits in UK museums are sometimes referred to by their place of origin or place of exhbition, to differentiate them from specimens of the same species in the same collection or other collections|group=nb}}<ref>Night Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.21.2215 Leeds City Museum. Common (or brown) Woolly Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.24.1913 Leeds Discovery Centre. Orangutan LEEDM.C.1982.43.8113 Leeds City Museum. Himalayan Black Bear LEEDM.C.1982.46.1900 Leeds City Museum. Leopard LEEDM.C.1982.49.5845 Leeds City Museum. Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. Capped (or wedge-capped) Capuchin LEEDM.C.1982.98.5958 Leeds Discovery Centre</ref>
Salford Museum passed all its taxidermy to other museums in 1982. [[Leeds City Museum]] received seven examples of taxidermy by Brazenor, from Salford: they are the Salford [[night monkey]], the Salford [[brown woolly monkey]], the Salford [[orangutan]], the Salford [[Himalayan black bear]], the Salford [[leopard]], the Salford tiger (1914),<ref>Leeds Discovery Centre record reference: Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. This says that Harry Brazenor mounted the Salford tiger at Salford Museum in 1914, and that the tiger was transferred to Leeds Museum in 1982</ref> and the Salford [[wedge-capped capuchin]].{{refn|Taxidermied exhibits in UK museums are sometimes referred to by their place of origin or place of exhibition, to differentiate them from specimens of the same species in the same collection or other collections|group=nb}}<ref>Night Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.21.2215 Leeds City Museum. Common (or brown) Woolly Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.24.1913 Leeds Discovery Centre. Orangutan LEEDM.C.1982.43.8113 Leeds City Museum. Himalayan Black Bear LEEDM.C.1982.46.1900 Leeds City Museum. Leopard LEEDM.C.1982.49.5845 Leeds City Museum. Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. Capped (or wedge-capped) Capuchin LEEDM.C.1982.98.5958 Leeds Discovery Centre</ref>


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==External links==
==External links==
* {{Commons category inline|Harry Ferris Brazenor}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Harry Ferris Brazenor}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazenor, Harry Ferris}}
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{{authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazenor, Harry Ferris}}
[[Category:Taxidermists]]
[[Category:Taxidermists]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1863 births]]

Revision as of 05:07, 27 January 2022

Harry Ferris Brazenor
Man wearing working clothes being winched up in a galleried hall, while sitting on top of a sperm whale skeleton
Harry Brazenor, Manchester Museum, 1898
Born(1863-07-21)21 July 1863
Shepherd's Bush, London, UK
Died10 March 1948(1948-03-10) (aged 84)
Eccles, Greater Manchester, UK
OccupationTaxidermist
Years active1880s–1930s
Known forTaxidermy at Salford and Manchester museums
Notable workManchester sperm whale, Salford tiger

Harry Ferris Brazenor (21 July 1863 – 10 March 1948) was a British taxidermist. He was known especially for his work for Manchester and Salford museums, besides other institutions in Northern England. At Manchester Museum he was recognised for his taxidermy-mounted sperm whale skeleton, giraffe, polar bear, and a wolf with painted "blood" on its teeth. His work for Salford Museum included an Asian elephant displayed next to a tiny shrew. His Salford tiger was transferred to Leeds City Museum and is still displayed there. For Hancock Museum at Newcastle-on-Tyne he mounted a bison bull, and for the former Belle Vue Zoological Gardens he mounted an Indian rhinoceros.

He was born into a family of taxidermists. His father, Robert Wilding Brazenor, founded the taxidermy company Brazenor Brothers in Brighton in 1863, the year Harry was born, and Harry began his career with the family firm, alongside his brothers. His nephew H.C.F. Brazenor was deputy director of Brighton Museum & Art Gallery and Brighton Pavilion.

Background

Brazenor's father, taxidermist R.W. Brazenor

Harry Ferris Brazenor was born on 21 July 1863 in Shepherd's Bush, London, into a family of taxidermists and furriers.[nb 1] His parents were Robert Wilding Brazenor (Shrewsbury 1818 – Lewes 1901),[1][2][nb 2] and Rhoda Ferris (Biddestone c.1826 – Brighton 1909).[nb 3] Robert was a "more enthusiastic than accurate"[2] taxidermist who founded the Brighton taxidermy company, Brazenor Brothers, which flourished from 1863 to 1937, although he became bankrupt in 1883.[2][3] Much of the Brazenor Brothers' ornithological work is kept in the skeleton gallery of the Booth Museum of Natural History, Brighton.[2] However, in August 1848, before Robert married Harry's mother, he had been charged with stealing a large number of saddlery materials and products from one Edward Tyrrell of Warwick.[4][5] Robert and Rhoda's sons John, Charles, Frederick, Harry and Alfred all became taxidermists for the family company, and their daughters Sarah and Rhoda worked with their mother in the family furrier shop. Harry's brother Alfred ultimately became the "mainstay"[2] of the business, and Harry's nephew Herbert Clifton Ferris Brazenor (Brighton 26 March 1912 – Brighton 1972)[nb 4] became deputy director of the Brighton Museum & Art Gallery,[2] and of Brighton Pavilion.[6]

Brazenor married Mary Helen Smith (Manchester 13 October 1859 – Eccles 1945) in Manchester in 1890,[nb 5] and they had three daughters: Annie Rhoda (born 13 June 1891),[nb 6] Florence Helen (born 1893),[nb 7] and Minnie (born 1894).[nb 8] Brazenor died aged 84 in Eccles on 10 March 1948. He was cremated at Manchester Crematorium at Barlow Moor on 13 March 1948.[7][nb 9]

Career

By 1881, when Brazenor was around 18 years old, he was a taxidermist's assistant, living with his parents in Brighton.[8] By 1891, he was running a taxidermy business from home under his own name in Churchgate, Stockport, and living with his wife at 11 Bridge Street, Manchester.[9][10] By 1901, he was living with his wife and three daughters at 54 Churchgate, Stockport, and was still running the business from home, while contracting for museum work,[11] however the business went bankrupt on 6 February 1901.[12] In 1905, Brazenor won a court case in which he had been unjustifiably sued for mounting the skin of the wrong pet dog.[13] By 1911, Brazenor was an employee of Manchester Museum, and living with his family at Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles. At that point his eldest daughter was a dressmaker, and the youngest was an apprenticed tailoress.[14] By 1939, Brazenor had retired, and was still living in Eccles.[15]

Works

Belle View Zoological Gardens, Manchester

In 1905, Brazenor mounted an Indian rhinoceros for Belle Vue Zoological Gardens.[16]

Manchester Museum

In 1898, Brazenor spent three weeks assembling the skeleton of an 11-metre (36 ft) juvenile sperm whale which had been beached in Massachusetts in February 1896.[17] It was purchased from the Natural Science Establishment by the director of Manchester Museum William Evans Hoyle in 1897,[10] and shipped from Rochester, New York, via the Manchester Ship Canal to the museum, in three crates.[17][18][19] "The whale was suspended from the ceiling of the mammal gallery, where it became an iconic specimen, emblematic of the Museum as a whole".[10]

In 1900, Brazenor mounted two northern fulmars for Manchester Museum.[20][21] In 1905, he mounted Maggie the giraffe for the museum. This giraffe skin and that of the Indian rhinoceros for Belle Vue Zoo were presented by Messrs Jennison, who managed the zoo.[16] During the early 20th century, Brazenor mounted the Dundee wolf (an imported skin from Canada via Dundee Museum), giving it a frightening aspect with painted "blood" on its teeth, in accordance with the archetypes of that era.[22] At an unknown date, Brazenor mounted the Manchester polar bear, which was imported from the Arctic via Captain Milne of the whaling ship SS Eclipse, and Dundee Museum.[23]

  • Brazenor sitting atop the Manchester sperm whale, 1898 (Manchester Museum)
    Brazenor sitting atop the Manchester sperm whale, 1898 (Manchester Museum)
  • Manchester sperm whale, in 2012 (Manchester Museum)
    Manchester sperm whale, in 2012 (Manchester Museum)

Salford Museum

In 1907, Brazenor mounted an Asian elephant for Salford Museum. This elephant had been imported alive from Burma along with two others in 1895. It lived for twelve years at the Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, giving rides to children: "His docility and urbanity of temper made him valuable as a riding elephant, and he became a great favourite with both children and adults who visited the gardens". The elephant died on 11 December 1906, of peritonitis, and the zoo-owner George Jennison donated the dead specimen to the museum. As a specimen of the largest living land mammal, it was exhibited alongside the smallest living mammal, a shrew.[24] In 1909, Brazenor received praise for his work at Salford Museum:[25]

Under the supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen, director of the Salford Museums, the natural history collection since being transferred to Buile Hill has been considerably improved by arrangement and judicious additions. In no department perhaps is this so marked as the zoological sections. The elephant, for instance, mounted in such realism, is an attractive and useful exhibit, and presents a striking contrast to the shrew mouse alongside. The work that has been done among the British birds is most effective, and by the re-mounting of old specimens and the addition of new ones a collection once somewhat dilapidated is being raised into an attractive and educationally useful possession for the town. A remarkably fine case is that of marine diving birds arranged on the ledges of a cliff showing eggs, young and adult birds. Opposite this case is another containing a group of the principal wingless birds, ranging in size from the ostrich to the kiwi or apteryx. Several representatives of the Carnivora are handsomely mounted. The lion, tiger, Hymalayan bear, hyena, and puma are in surroundings suggestive of natural environment. In the same room is a large case devoted to the exhibition of a fine collection of heads of big game collected in Rhodesia by Mr Robert E. Hailwood and presented by him to the Natural History Museum of his native town. The collection is one which any museum might be proud to possess. Every month this museum increases in importance and attractiveness. The taxidermy, which is of a first-rate order, is being done by Mr Harry Brazenor under the general supervision of Mr Ben H. Mullen.[25][nb 10]

Salford Museum passed all its taxidermy to other museums in 1982. Leeds City Museum received seven examples of taxidermy by Brazenor, from Salford: they are the Salford night monkey, the Salford brown woolly monkey, the Salford orangutan, the Salford Himalayan black bear, the Salford leopard, the Salford tiger (1914),[26] and the Salford wedge-capped capuchin.[nb 11][27]

  • Salford night monkey (Leeds City Museum)
    Salford night monkey (Leeds City Museum)
  • Salford brown woolly monkey (Leeds Discovery Centre)
    Salford brown woolly monkey (Leeds Discovery Centre)
  • Salford orangutan (Leeds City Museum)
    Salford orangutan (Leeds City Museum)
  • Salford Himalayan black bear (Leeds City Museum)
    Salford Himalayan black bear (Leeds City Museum)
  • Salford tiger, 1914 (Leeds City Museum)
    Salford tiger, 1914 (Leeds City Museum)
  • Salford leopard (Leeds City Museum)
    Salford leopard (Leeds City Museum)
  • Salford wedge-capped capuchin (Leeds Discovery Centre)
    Salford wedge-capped capuchin (Leeds Discovery Centre)

Hancock Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne

In 1908, Brazenor mounted a "fine bison bull" for Hancock Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Museum records describe it as, "American Bull mounted. Old bull, last of original pure stock in herd at Haggerston Castle, Northumberland".[28][29] In 1905 a bison fund was organised, for the preservation and mounting of the skin.[30]

Purchases

Brazenor purchased or otherwise acquired some items for museums. For example, on 28 October 1905 he purchased the skull and lower jaw of a sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) for Manchester Museum.[31]

Notes

  1. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Sep 1863 Brazenor Harry Ferris Kensington vol.1a p.142
  2. ^ General Record Office reference: Dec 1901 Brazenor Robert 83 Lewes vol.2b p.101
  3. ^ General Record Office reference: Marriages Sep 1850 Brazenor Robert Wilding and Rhoda Ferris Aston vol.XVI p.289. Deaths Sep 1909 Brazenor Rhoda Ferris 83 Brighton vol.2b p.126
  4. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Jun 1912 Brazenor Herbert C.F., mother surname Hedges, Brighton vol.2b p.389. Deaths Sep 1972 Brazenor Herbert Clifton F. (birth 26 March 1912) Brighton vol.5h p.320
  5. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Dec 1859 Smith Mary Helen Manchester vol.8d p.223. Marriages Sep 1890 Brazenor Harry and Mary Helen Smith Manchester vol.8d p.410. Deaths Mar 1945 Brazenor Mary H. 85 Barton vol.8c p.771
  6. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Sep 1891 Brazenor Annie Rhoda Manchester vol.8d p.239
  7. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Dec 1893 Brazenor Florence Helen Altrincham vol.8a p.159
  8. ^ General Record Office reference: Births Dec 1894 Brazenor Minnie Altrincham vol.8a p.157
  9. ^ General Record Office reference: Deaths Mar 1948 Brazenor Harry F. 84 Barton vol.10b p.325
  10. ^ In 1906 Buile Hill Mansion (now a listed building) in Buile Hill Park opened as a natural history museum. However by World War I it was a military base, and in 1940 it was bombed. It was recently a conference centre renamed Buile Hill Park Hall. Benjamin Henry Mullen (Dublin 1862 – Bournemouth 1925) was a graduate of Trinity College Dublin, Curator and Chief Librarian for Salford Museums, Libraries and Parks Committee, and author of books on art, ethnology and orthography.
  11. ^ Taxidermied exhibits in UK museums are sometimes referred to by their place of origin or place of exhibition, to differentiate them from specimens of the same species in the same collection or other collections

References

  1. ^ "England Census 1871. RG10/1080 p.6, 39 Lewes Road, Brighton, Sussex". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1871. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Brazenor Bros. (1863–1937) 39, Lewes Road, Brighton, Sussex". historicalrarebirds.info. Historical Rare Birds. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  3. ^ "The Bankruptcy Act 1883, receiving orders". The Times. No. 32828. Gale. 12 October 1889. p. 8. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  4. ^ "Warwich Borough Police, Monday". Leamington Spa Courier. British Newspaper Archive. 19 August 1848. p. 1 col.2. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Warwick". Birmingham Journal. British Newspaper Archive. 19 August 1848. p. 8 col.4. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Town covers up "pirnce and nude" painting". Weekly Dispatch (London). British Newspaper Archive. 13 July 1952. p. 3 col 7,8. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  7. ^ "Deaths". Manchester Evening News. British Newspaper Archive. 11 March 1948. p. 7 col 3. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  8. ^ "England Census 1881. RG11/1085. p.5, schedule 33. 39 Lewes Road, Brighton, Sussex". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1881. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  9. ^ "England Census 1891. RG12/3240, p.9, schedule 102. 11 Bridge Street, Manchester". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1891. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Alberti, Samuel J.M.M. (2009). Nature and Culture: objects, disciplines and the Manchester Museum. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780719089039. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  11. ^ "England Census 1901. RG13/3297, p.20. 54 Churchgate, Stockport". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1901. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  12. ^ "The Bankruptcy Acts". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. British Newspaper Archive. 30 January 1901. p. 4 col.2. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  13. ^ "Lady fancier's curious claim". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. British Newspaper Archive. 25 September 1905. p. 8 col 3. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  14. ^ "England Census 1911, schedule 33, Ashlea, Wellington Road, Eccles". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1911. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  15. ^ "The National Archives; Kew, London, England; 1939 Register; Reference: RG 101/4750A". ancestry.co.uk. Ancestry. 1939. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Penguins and chimpanzee". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. British Newspaper Archive. 8 July 1905. p. 18 col 5. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  17. ^ a b Bennett, Shaun (29 May 2020). "Creatures of the deep and how to save them". storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 26 September 2021. (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)
  18. ^ Alberti, Samuel J.M.M. (2012). Dudley, Sandra H. (ed.). Museum Objects: experiencing the properties of things. London: Routledge. p. 91. ISBN 9780415581783. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Sperm Whale skeleton. Accession number A.228". harbour.man.ac.uk/. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  20. ^ "[B.3328] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes". harbour.man.ac.uk. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  21. ^ "[B.3329] Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) : Northern Fulmar : Procellariidae : Procellariiformes". harbour.man.ac.uk/. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  22. ^ McGhie, Henry (2 November 2014). "Wolf taxidermy in Manchester Museum". naturemanchester.wordpress.com. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 26 September 2021. (This article is peer reviewed by Manchester Museum)
  23. ^ "28. Polar bear". harbour.man.ac.uk/. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  24. ^ "An elephant exhibition". Manchester Evening News. British Newspaper Archive. 19 April 1907. p. 5 col.2. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Natural history, the Salford Collection". Manchester Evening News. British Newspaper Archive. 26 March 1909. p. 4 col 4. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  26. ^ Leeds Discovery Centre record reference: Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. This says that Harry Brazenor mounted the Salford tiger at Salford Museum in 1914, and that the tiger was transferred to Leeds Museum in 1982
  27. ^ Night Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.21.2215 Leeds City Museum. Common (or brown) Woolly Monkey LEEDM.C.1982.24.1913 Leeds Discovery Centre. Orangutan LEEDM.C.1982.43.8113 Leeds City Museum. Himalayan Black Bear LEEDM.C.1982.46.1900 Leeds City Museum. Leopard LEEDM.C.1982.49.5845 Leeds City Museum. Tiger LEEDM.C.1982.51.4074 Leeds City Museum. Capped (or wedge-capped) Capuchin LEEDM.C.1982.98.5958 Leeds Discovery Centre
  28. ^ "Border gift to Newcastle Museum". Berwickshire News and General Advertiser. British Newspaper Archive. 15 December 1908. p. 3 col 2. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  29. ^ "Mammal mount, American bull, ref.NEWHM-M0691". collectionssearchtwmuseums.org.uk. Great North Museum (Hancock), Newcastle, (in store): Tyne & Wear Archives and Museums. Retrieved 24 October 2021. American Bull mounted. Old bull, last of original pure stock in herd at Haggerston Castle, Northumberland.
  30. ^ Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne: subscriptions to bison fund. Newcastle, UK: Williams and Norgate. 1905. p. 560. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  31. ^ "[A.412.1] Helarctos malayanus (Raffles, 1821) : Sun Bear : Ursidae : Carnivora : Mammalia". harbour.man.ac.uk/. Manchester Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
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