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{{short description|Malay musical instrument and dance}}
{{short description|Indonesian musical instrument and dance of Malay people}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image = [[File:Gamelan emas.jpg|260px]]
| Caption = Gamelan musical instrument
| ICH = Gamelan
| State Party = Indonesia
| Type =
| Domains = Traditional craftsmanship, oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, social practices, rituals and festive events
| ID = 01607
| Region = APA
| Year = 2021
| Session = 16th
| List = Representative List
| Link = https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gamelan-01607
| Below = [[File:Unesco Cultural Heritage logo.svg|100px]]
| Note = '''Gamelan variations''' consist of: [[Javanese people|Javanese gamelan]] (gamelan jawa) of [[Central Java]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]], [[Balinese people|Balinese gamelan]] (gamelan bali) of [[Bali]], [[Sundanese people|Sundanese gamelan]] (gamelan sunda) of [[West Java]], [[Madurese people|Madurese gamelan]] (gamelan madura) and [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangian Gamelan]] (gamelan banyuwangi) of [[East Java]], [[Malay gamelan]] (gamelan melayu), Palembangese gamelan (gamelan palembang), [[Gendang beleq]] of [[West Nusa Tenggara]], [[Banjar people|Banjarese gamelan]] (gamelan banjar) of [[South Kalimantan]], Gamelan peking of [[Lampung]], and [[Talempong]] of [[West Sumatra]].
'''Gamelan instruments''':
slab-type (wilahan) instruments ([[Saron (instrument)|saron]]/sarun/pemade, [[demung]]/sarun ganal, [[Gendèr]]/kiliningan, slenthem/selentem/jegogan, peking/sarun paking/kantilan, kecrek/keprak),
gong-type (pencon) instruments ([[gong]], [[kempul]], [[kenong]], [[bonang]], trompong, [[kethuk]], [[talempong]], kempyang),
String instruments ([[siter]], celempung, [[kecapi]], [[rebab]]),
Bamboo instrument ([[suling]]),
Drums instruments ([[kendhang]], [[Bedug]], ketipung, [[gendang beleq]]),
Wooden instrument ([[gambang]])
Idiophone instrument ([[kemanak]])
}}
{{Infobox Instrument
{{Infobox Instrument
| name = Malay gamelan
| name = Malay gamelan
| names = ''Gamelan Melayu''
| names = {{lang|id|Gamelan Melayu}}
| image = Gamelanorkest vermoedelijk op het eiland Galang, Sumatra 's Oostkust, KITLV 31140.tiff
| image = SUKTRA Gamelan Musicians.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| image_size = 270px
| caption = A Malay gamelan performance
| caption = A Malay gamelan performance performed in Galang island (part of [[Riau Archipelago]]) {{circa}} 1800s-1900s
| developed = [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]] (present-day [[Indonesia]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Menabuh Gamelan Melayu|date=8 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/menabuh-gamelan-melayu/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan|date=30 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaanindonesia.net/gambang-mentuda-diambang-kepunahan/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
| developed = [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]] (present-day [[Indonesia]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Menabuh Gamelan Melayu|date=8 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/menabuh-gamelan-melayu/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan|date=30 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaanindonesia.net/gambang-mentuda-diambang-kepunahan/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
| classification = *[[Percussion instrument]]
| classification = *[[Percussion instrument]]
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}}
}}
{{Music of Indonesia}}
{{Music of Indonesia}}
⚫
The '''Malay gamelan''' ({{lang-id|gamelan melayu}}; [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a subclass of [[gamelan]] (style of music) originated from [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tourismperakmalaysia.com/place/XDW/malay-gamelan-music-experience |title=Malay Gamelan Music Experience |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= <!--Not stated--> |website=tourismperakmalaysia.com |publisher= Tourism Perak Malaysia |access-date=20 March 2021 |quote= }}</ref> performed in [[Malay Indonesians|Malay]]-populated regions of [[Indonesia]] (particularly in [[North Sumatra]], [[Riau]] and [[Riau Islands Province|Riau Islands]]) and [[Malaysia]] (particularly in [[Pahang]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Johor]]) as well.
{{Music of Malaysia}}
⚫
The '''Malay gamelan''' ([[Malay language|Malay]]/[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''gamelan Melayu''; [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a style of music originated from [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tourismperakmalaysia.com/place/XDW/malay-gamelan-music-experience |title=Malay Gamelan Music Experience |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= <!--Not stated--> |website=tourismperakmalaysia.com |publisher= Tourism Perak Malaysia |access-date=20 March 2021 |quote= }}</ref> performed in [[Malay Indonesians|Malay]]-populated regions of [[Indonesia]] (particularly in [[North Sumatra]], [[Riau]] and [[Riau Islands Province|Riau Islands]]) and [[Malaysia]] (particularly in [[Pahang]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Johor]]) as well.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word of '''{{lang|jv|Gamelan}}''' derived from the term in {{lang-jv|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀|'''gamel'''}}, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of [[percussion instruments]] or the act of striking with a [[mallet]], '''''+ an''''' ([[noun]]-forming [[suffix]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Etymology for gamelan|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gamelan#:~:text=%3A%20an%20Indonesian%20orchestra%20made%20up,gongs%2C%20xylophones%2C%20and%20drums)|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Merriam-Webster}}</ref><ref name=sumarsam>Sumarsam (1998). [http://sumarsam.web.wesleyan.edu/Intro.gamelan.pdf ''Introduction to Javanese Gamelan'']. Middletown.</ref><ref name="Lindsay">Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). ''Javanese Gamelan'', p.10. {{ISBN|0-19-588582-1}}.<!--ibid later--></ref> While the word of '''{{lang|ms|Melayu}}''' refer to the [[Malay people|Malays]] which had its correlation to [[Melayu Kingdom]].<ref>{{citation | last = Milner | first = Anthony | title = The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific) | pages = 18–19| publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4443-3903-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony| journal=[[Journal of Southeast Asian Studies]]|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities| volume=32|issue=3|year=2001|pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157|pmid=19192500|s2cid=38870744}}</ref>
The word of '''{{lang|jv|Gamelan}}''' derived from the term in {{lang-jv|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀|'''gamel'''}}, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of [[percussion instruments]] or the act of striking with a [[mallet]], '''''+ an''''' ([[noun]]-forming [[suffix]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Etymology for gamelan|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gamelan#:~:text=%3A%20an%20Indonesian%20orchestra%20made%20up,gongs%2C%20xylophones%2C%20and%20drums)|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Merriam-Webster}}</ref><ref name=sumarsam>Sumarsam (1998). [http://sumarsam.web.wesleyan.edu/Intro.gamelan.pdf ''Introduction to Javanese Gamelan'']. Middletown.</ref><ref name="Lindsay">Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). ''Javanese Gamelan'', p.10. {{ISBN|0-19-588582-1}}.<!--ibid later--></ref> While the word of '''{{lang|ms|Melayu}}''' refer to the [[Malay people|Malays]] which had its correlation to [[Melayu Kingdom]] (a kingdom based in [[Sumatra]] island in Western Indonesia).<ref>{{citation | last = Milner | first = Anthony | title = The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific) | pages = 18–19| publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4443-3903-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony| journal=[[Journal of Southeast Asian Studies]]|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities| volume=32|issue=3|year=2001|pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157|pmid=19192500|s2cid=38870744}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Music|Indonesia|Malaysia}}
{{Portal|Music|Indonesia}}
* [[Gamelan]]
* [[Gamelan]]


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[[Category:Malay culture]]
[[Category:Malay culture]]
[[Category:Indonesian culture]]
[[Category:Indonesian culture]]
[[Category:Malaysian culture]]
[[Category:Music of Sumatra]]
[[Category:Music of Sumatra]]
[[Category:Sacred musical instruments]]
[[Category:Sacred musical instruments]]

Revision as of 19:50, 5 February 2022

Gamelan
Gamelan musical instrument
CountryIndonesia
DomainsTraditional craftsmanship, oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, social practices, rituals and festive events
Reference01607
RegionAsia and the Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription2021 (16th session)
ListRepresentative List

Gamelan variations consist of: Javanese gamelan (gamelan jawa) of Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta, Balinese gamelan (gamelan bali) of Bali, Sundanese gamelan (gamelan sunda) of West Java, Madurese gamelan (gamelan madura) and Banyuwangian Gamelan (gamelan banyuwangi) of East Java, Malay gamelan (gamelan melayu), Palembangese gamelan (gamelan palembang), Gendang beleq of West Nusa Tenggara, Banjarese gamelan (gamelan banjar) of South Kalimantan, Gamelan peking of Lampung, and Talempong of West Sumatra.

Gamelan instruments: slab-type (wilahan) instruments (saron/sarun/pemade, demung/sarun ganal, Gendèr/kiliningan, slenthem/selentem/jegogan, peking/sarun paking/kantilan, kecrek/keprak), gong-type (pencon) instruments (gong, kempul, kenong, bonang, trompong, kethuk, talempong, kempyang), String instruments (siter, celempung, kecapi, rebab), Bamboo instrument (suling), Drums instruments (kendhang, Bedug, ketipung, gendang beleq), Wooden instrument (gambang)

Idiophone instrument (kemanak)
Malay gamelan
A Malay gamelan performance performed in Galang island (part of Riau Archipelago) c. 1800s-1900s
Other namesGamelan Melayu
Classification
DevelopedRiau-Lingga Sultanate (present-day Indonesia)[1][2][3][4]
More articles or information
Various hanging Gongs (gong ageng, gong suwukan, kempul) of Gamelan in Indonesia
Music of Indonesia
Genres
Specific forms
Regional music

The Malay gamelan (Template:Lang-id; Jawi: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a subclass of gamelan (style of music) originated from Indonesia,[5] performed in Malay-populated regions of Indonesia (particularly in North Sumatra, Riau and Riau Islands) and Malaysia (particularly in Pahang, Terengganu and Johor) as well.

Etymology

The word of Gamelan derived from the term in Template:Lang-jv, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of percussion instruments or the act of striking with a mallet, + an (noun-forming suffix).[6][7][8] While the word of Melayu refer to the Malays which had its correlation to Melayu Kingdom (a kingdom based in Sumatra island in Western Indonesia).[9][10]

History

Joget Gamelan is one of the classical Malay dance. This classic dance was first performed at the Palace in the Riau-Lingga (present-day Indonesia) in the 17th century. It was first performed in public in Pekan, Pahang in 1811 in the wedding ceremony of Tengku Hussain, the son of Sultan Abdul Rahman who ruled Lingga, with Wan Esah, the younger sister of Bendahara Ali from Pahang. It was first introduced in Terengganu after Tengku Mariam, a princess in Pahang, married Tengku Sulaiman, the prince to Tengku Zainal Abidin from Terengganu. In 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition disappeared from the abolition of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate and later moved to Pahang, and until it spread to Terengganu.[11] The Malay gamelan was first brought to Kuala Lumpur in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.[citation needed] Gamelan is commonly played during formal occasions like weddings and traditional ceremonies, such as the wayang kulit. In the past,[when?] about 80 traditional gamelan music were performed but this has now been reduced to 50, with 12 songs being the common ones, some of them include Timang Burung, Ayak-Ayak and Seri Rama Balik. [12][13][14]

Instruments

Based on the gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of seven basic instruments:[15]

  1. Keromong, also known as bonang (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
  2. Gambang (a wooden xylophone)
  3. Saron perkin (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than saron kecil)
  4. Saron kecil, also known as saron barung (a set of metallophones)
  5. Saron besar, also known as saron demung (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than saron kecil)
  6. Kenong (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
  7. A pair of hanging gongs, which are gong kecil and gong besar
  8. Gendang (a barrel drum)

Joget gamelan

Joget gamelan
Dancers performing a Joget Gamelan dance
EtymologyTemplate:Lang-jv (dance) and Template:Lang-jv (hitting or striking)[16]
GenreTraditional dance
Instrument(s)Malay gamelan
OriginIndonesia, then later introduced to Malaysia[17]
Malay gamelan
  • Part of a series on
    Dance-drama of
    Southeast Asia
    Topography of Southeast Asia.
    Topography of Southeast Asia.
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Cambodia
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Singapore
Thailand
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According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of gamelan. But today there are only 33 types left as a result of the absence of dance instructors. Among the 33 types of dances that remain are such as Timang Burung, Ayak-ayak, Lambang Sari, Ketam Renjung, Geliung, Lantai Lima, Kending Gajah, Togok Rompin, Kunang-kunang Mabuk, Galuk Merajuk, Silatin, Lolo and Monab.

This dance performed exclusively by female dancers can be staged internally or openly.

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Malay Gamelan". themalaygamelan. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  2. ^ "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Menabuh Gamelan Melayu". 8 July 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan". 30 July 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Malay Gamelan Music Experience". tourismperakmalaysia.com. Tourism Perak Malaysia. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  6. ^ "History and Etymology for gamelan". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  7. ^ Sumarsam (1998). Introduction to Javanese Gamelan. Middletown.
  8. ^ Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). Javanese Gamelan, p.10. ISBN 0-19-588582-1.
  9. ^ Milner, Anthony (2010), The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific), Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 18–19, ISBN 978-1-4443-3903-1
  10. ^ Reid, Anthony (2001). "Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 32 (3): 295–313. doi:10.1017/S0022463401000157. PMID 19192500. S2CID 38870744.
  11. ^ "JOGET GAMELAN TERENGGANU DARI ASPEK PENCERITAAN DAN CABARAN PEMELIHARAANNYA" [JOGET GAMELAN TERENGGANU FROM THE ASPECT OF STORYTELLING AND THE CHALLENGES OF ITS MAINTENANCE] (PDF). 2012.
  12. ^ Aziz, Ninot (1 February 2015). "Living the Gamelan". New Straits Times.
  13. ^ "Good vibrations: how to unite people through gamelan music | The Star". www.thestar.com.my.
  14. ^ David, Adrian (August 22, 2017). "Renewing the love for gamelan | New Straits Times". NST Online.
  15. ^ Zainudin, Aniza (April 3, 2019). "Memartabatkan gamelan". HM Online.
  16. ^ Norsafini, Jafar; Rahmah, Bujang (2015). "Creative Reinvention of Joget Gamelan in Malaysia". International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries. 3 (1). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  17. ^ Norsafini, Jafar; Rahmah, Bujang (2015). "Creative Reinvention of Joget Gamelan in Malaysia". International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries. 3 (1). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
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