9K114 Shturm: Difference between revisions
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** '''9M114M2 Shturm''' / '''AT-6C Spiral''' [[SACLOS]], further increased {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} range.<ref name="weaponsystems" /> |
** '''9M114M2 Shturm''' / '''AT-6C Spiral''' [[SACLOS]], further increased {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} range.<ref name="weaponsystems" /> |
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*'''9K113M Shturm-VM''' / '''AT-9 Spiral-2''' – see [[9M120 Ataka-V]] |
*'''9K113M Shturm-VM''' / '''AT-9 Spiral-2''' – see [[9M120 Ataka-V]] |
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*'''543 Barrier-S''' – Ukrainian upgrade replaces the 9M114 Kokon/Cocoon [[SACLOS]] radio guided missile with more capable, 7 km range missiles '''RK-2P''' and '''RK-2POF''' anti-tank guided missiles developed by Luch and a modern guidance system.<ref>https://en.defence-ua.com/news/kb_luch_demonstrates_its_vilkha_m_mlrs_barrier_s_atgm_at_an_expo_in_iraq-1879.html</ref><ref>https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/06/16/ukraine-upgraded-anti-tank-missile-system/</ref> |
*'''543 Barrier-S''' – Ukrainian upgrade replaces the 9M114 Kokon/Cocoon [[SACLOS]] radio guided missile with more capable, 7 km range missiles '''RK-2P''' and '''RK-2POF''' anti-tank guided missiles developed by Luch and a modern guidance system.<ref>https://en.defence-ua.com/news/kb_luch_demonstrates_its_vilkha_m_mlrs_barrier_s_atgm_at_an_expo_in_iraq-1879.html {{bare URL inline|date=March 2023}}</ref><ref>https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/06/16/ukraine-upgraded-anti-tank-missile-system/ {{bare URL inline|date=March 2023}}</ref> |
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==Operators== |
==Operators== |
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Revision as of 02:25, 11 March 2023
| 9K114 Shturm | |
|---|---|
 Armenian army MT-LB with Shturm-S | |
| Type | ATGM-vehicle |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Soviet Union Russian Federation Ukraine |
| Wars | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[1] |
9K114 Shturm[2] (Template:Lang-ru - "Assault", borrowed from German "Sturm" - Storm/Assault) - is a SACLOS radio guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union. Its GRAU designation is 9K114.[3] Its NATO reporting name is AT-6 Spiral. The missile itself is known as the 9M114 Kokon (Cocoon).
Development
The missile called 9M114 Kokon (Cocoon) was developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau, which was also responsible for the 3M6 Shmel and 9M14 Malyutka. Work on the missile began in 1967, with the hope of using the missile on Mi-24s. However, delays forced the design of an upgraded Falanga system (9M17 Skorpion) using SACLOS guidance as a stopgap. Testing of the missile was completed in 1974, and it was accepted into service in 1976. The missile has no direct western counterpart; in role it is similar to the TOW and HOT missiles which entered service around the same time, though the Shturm has greater weight, speed, and range.
It was originally given the NATO designation AS-8, before being redesignated as AT-6.[4]
Description
The missile can be deployed on a variety of platforms, including the Mi-24V and from 1979-onwards the MT-LB based 9P149 tank destroyer. There is also a shipborne version of the missile, with the launcher holding six missiles.
The missile is transported and launched from a glass-reinforced plastic tube. The missile uses a Soyuz NPO solid-rocket sustainer, with a small booster stage to launch the missile from its tube.
The missile is SACLOS with a radio command link. The use of a radio link allows the missile to travel much faster and further than if it were wire guided. The radio link is a VHF system with five frequency bands and two codes to minimize the risk of jamming. The system comprises a KPS-53AV 8× daylight-only direct vision sight with an integrated laser rangefinder. After the missile is launched, the gunner has to keep the sight's crosshairs on the target until impact. Appropriate steering commands are transmitted to the missile via the radio link.
The missile flies above the gunner's line of sight to the target. With the range of the target determined by the laser rangefinder, the missile descends onto the target just before impact. This is done primarily to clear obstacles, instead of achieving a top-attack, and can be switched off. It is possible to engage low and slow moving helicopters with the system; however, since the missile only has a contact fuze, a direct hit would be needed.
The first use of the missile was during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, where it was employed in the later stages of the war. By this time the Mujahideen got access to more advanced anti aircraft weapons that forced Mi-24 pilots to adopt standoff tactics using the missile to increase survivability. Sources report kill ratios of 75–85% during the war. Also a Mil demonstration in Sweden in late 1995 using an Mi-28A firing Shturm and Ataka missiles also showed good results: from a hovering helicopter, a Shturm was fired at a target 900 m away; and from level flight at 200 km/h an Ataka was fired at a target 4,700 m away. Both missiles passed within 1 m of their aiming point.[5] Other countries such as Iraq and Syria attempted to procure the missile in the 1980s but the Soviet Union did not export the system outside of the Warsaw Pact, fearing it might fall into western hands via Iran or Israel.
In 2014, a modernized variant, the 9K132 Shturm-SM, was adopted by the Russian army, featuring a sight with television and thermal channels as well as a new missile with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead and a proximity fuse.[6]
General characteristics (9M114 Kokon)
- Length: 1,625 mm (5.3 ft)
- Wingspan: 360 mm (14 in)
- Diameter: 130 mm (5.1 in)
- Launch weight: 31.4 kg (69 lb)
- Speed: 345 m/s (1,240 km/h; 770 mph; Mach 1.0)
- Range: 400–5,000 m (0.25–3.11 mi)
- Guidance: Radio command link Semi-automatic command to line of sight
- Warhead: 5.3 kg (12 lb) HEAT, penetration 560–600 mm vs RHA[7][unreliable source?][2]
Variants
- 9M114 Kokon / AT-6 Spiral Entered service in 1976.
- 9M114V Shturm-V – Air to surface version for helicopters.
- 9M114 Shturm / AT-6A Spiral SACLOS
- 9M114M HEAT warhead.
- 9M114F Thermobaric warhead.
- 9M114M1 Shturm / AT-6B Spiral SACLOS, heavier 7.4 kg (16 lb) warhead penetrating 600–650 mm, longer 6 km (3.7 mi) range.[2]
- 9M114M2 Shturm / AT-6C Spiral SACLOS, further increased 7 km (4.3 mi) range.[2]
- 9K113M Shturm-VM / AT-9 Spiral-2 – see 9M120 Ataka-V
- 543 Barrier-S – Ukrainian upgrade replaces the 9M114 Kokon/Cocoon SACLOS radio guided missile with more capable, 7 km range missiles RK-2P and RK-2POF anti-tank guided missiles developed by Luch and a modern guidance system.[8][9]
Operators
Current operators
Armenia[citation needed]
Azerbaijan[10]
Belarus
Bulgaria
Brazil - installed in Mi-35M attack helicopters
Czech Republic
Cuba
Georgia
Iran – installed in Mi-17sh helicopters
Indonesia – installed in Mi-35P attack helicopters
India
Kazakhstan[11]
Moldova – installed in Mi-17V5 helicopters
North Korea
Peru
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Syria
Tajikistan
Ukraine[12] (The separatists forces battling the Ukrainian army in the War in Donbass have also been documented to have used the weapon.[12])
Former operators
Croatia (former user) [13]- Czechoslovakia (former user)
East Germany (former user on Mi-24P)
Poland – Retired.[14]
Soviet Union
References
- ^ "Shturm abandoned in Ukraine invasion". Twitter. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ a b c d 9K114 Shturm - Weaponsystems.net
- ^ "ДЕБРЁ, ЖЕРАР | Энциклопедия Кругосвет". www.krugosvet.ru.
- ^ Parsch, Andreas; Aleksey V. Martynov (2008). "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles". Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
- ^ "AT Shturm". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ "Принят на вооружение модернизированный самоходный ПТРК "Штурм-СМ"". Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ "Army Technology - Shturm - Self Propelled Anti-tank Guided Missile System". Archived from the original on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
- ^ https://en.defence-ua.com/news/kb_luch_demonstrates_its_vilkha_m_mlrs_barrier_s_atgm_at_an_expo_in_iraq-1879.html [bare URL]
- ^ https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/06/16/ukraine-upgraded-anti-tank-missile-system/ [bare URL]
- ^ Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (17 October 2021). "Azerbaijan's Emerging Arsenal Of Deterrent". Oryx.
- ^ Small Arms Survey (2012). "Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms". Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-19714-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ a b Jenzen-Jones, N. R.; Ferguson, Jonathan (18 November 2014). Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd. ISBN 9780992462437. Retrieved 10 April 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Vježba HRZ-a i HRM-a Posejdon 94". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 14 November 2014 – via YouTube.
- ^ "samolotypolskie.pl - 9K114 (9M114) "Szturm"". www.samolotypolskie.pl. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions. ISBN 978-1-892848-01-7.
- Article "Fire in the Hills", AirEnthusiast magazine, Volume 104, March 2003
- Shturm
- Army Technology[unreliable source?]
- 9K113 ШТУРМ-В
External links
