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The proportion of people of each ethnicity is not known exactly, since the [[Constitution of France|1958 constitution]] bans questions about ethnicity in compulsory censuses in France.<ref>{{cite journal|ssrn=1236362 |title=SSRN-Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity - In a French Way by David Oppenheimer |publisher=Papers.ssrn.com |date= 2008-08-20|last1=Oppenheimer |first1=David B. }}</ref> Extensive and long-going intermarriage also blurs the issue. People of primarily African descent make up 35% of the population, those of primarily European and Indian descent number about one-quarter each, and people of Chinese, Malay, Vietnamese descent, along with those identifying as Métis, form roughly 15%.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Réunion Métisse |author=Clicanoo |url=http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=97657&page=article}}</ref><ref name="advan">{{cite journal |title=Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=248–253 |doi=10.1152/advan.00069.2005 |pmid=17108254 |year=2006 |last1=Tarnus |first1=Evelyne |last2=Bourdon |first2=Emmanuel |s2cid=19474655 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228041609/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151|date=February 28, 2008}}</ref>
The proportion of people of each ethnicity is not known exactly, since the [[Constitution of France|1958 constitution]] bans questions about ethnicity in compulsory censuses in France.<ref>{{cite journal|ssrn=1236362 |title=SSRN-Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity - In a French Way by David Oppenheimer |publisher=Papers.ssrn.com |date= 2008-08-20|last1=Oppenheimer |first1=David B. }}</ref> Extensive and long-going intermarriage also blurs the issue. People of primarily African descent make up 35% of the population, those of primarily European and Indian descent number about one-quarter each, and people of Chinese, Malay, Vietnamese descent, along with those identifying as Métis, form roughly 15%.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Réunion Métisse |author=Clicanoo |url=http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=97657&page=article}}</ref><ref name="advan">{{cite journal |title=Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=248–253 |doi=10.1152/advan.00069.2005 |pmid=17108254 |year=2006 |last1=Tarnus |first1=Evelyne |last2=Bourdon |first2=Emmanuel |s2cid=19474655 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228041609/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151|date=February 28, 2008}}</ref>


People of [[Tamil people|Tamil]] origin make up the majority of the [[Indo-Réunionnais]] people; [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Bihari people|Bihari]] and other origins form the remainder of the population. The island's community of [[Muslim]]s from modern region of [[Pakistan]] and [[North India]] and elsewhere is also commonly referred to as [[Zarabes]].
People of [[Tamil people|Tamil]] origin make up the majority of the [[Indo-Réunionnais]] people about 12%-13% of the island's population; [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Bihari people|Bihari]] and other origins form the remainder of the population. The island's community of [[Muslim]]s from modern region of [[Pakistan]] and [[North India]] and elsewhere is also commonly referred to as [[Zarabes]].


[[Réunionnais Creole people|Creoles]] (a name given to those born on the island, of various ethnic origins), make up the majority of the population. Groups that are not creole include people from [[Metropolitan France]] (known as [[Zoreilles]]) and those from [[Mayotte]] and the [[Comoros]].
[[Réunionnais Creole people|Creoles]] (a name given to those born on the island, of various ethnic origins), make up the majority of the population. Groups that are not creole include people from [[Metropolitan France]] (known as [[Zoreilles]]) and those from [[Mayotte]] and the [[Comoros]].

Revision as of 07:49, 23 July 2023

This article concerns the demography of Réunion. People of Réunion are Réunionese. The official language is French, and Réunionese Creole is widely spoken. The population of Réunion is 966,129 as of 2021.[1][2]

Population

As of 2021, estimates put the population of Réunion at 966,129, with a growth rate of 1.63%. The birth rate was estimated at 21.84 births per 1,000 population, and the death rate at 5.55 deaths per 1,000 population in the same year. The net migration rate was zero in 2000. The following table describes age structure and sex ratios in Réunion.

Age structure and sex ratio
Age band (years) Percentage population Sex ratio (male/female)
At birth n/a 1.05
0-14 32 1.05
15-64 62 0.97
65+ 6 0.68

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (01.01.2010) (Provisional estimates):[3]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 399 728 428 326 828 054 100
0-4 35 044 33 093 68 137 8,23
5-9 36 404 34 819 71 223 8,60
10-14 36 292 34 535 70 827 8,55
15-19 35 775 35 479 71 254 8,60
20-24 28 067 28 265 56 332 6,80
25-29 22 922 27 618 50 540 6,10
30-34 24 936 30 303 55 239 6,67
35-39 28 029 32 557 60 586 7,32
40-44 32 311 35 469 67 780 8,19
45-49 30 352 31 939 62 291 7,52
50-54 24 261 25 699 49 960 6,03
55-59 20 577 21 820 42 397 5,12
60-64 15 588 15 727 31 315 3,78
65-69 11 380 12 867 24 247 2,93
70-74 7 912 10 529 18 441 2,23
75-79 5 036 7 513 12 549 1,52
80-84 2 948 5 295 8 243 1,00
85-89 1 438 3 203 4 641 0,56
90-94 350 1 173 1 523 0,18
95+ 106 423 529 0,06
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 107 740 102 446 210 187 25,38
15-64 262 818 284 877 547 695 66,14
65+ 29 170 41 003 70 173 8,47

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2015): [4]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 411 435 439 292 850 727 100
0–4 31 643 30 377 62 021 7.29
5–9 35 386 33 428 68 814 8.09
10–14 36 713 34 716 71 429 8.40
15–19 34 756 33 223 67 979 7.99
20–24 27 392 27 312 54 703 6.43
25–29 24 326 27 969 52 295 6.15
30–34 23 815 28 564 52 379 6.16
35–39 25 787 30 236 56 023 6.59
40–44 28 755 31 855 60 610 7.12
45–49 31 471 33 945 65 416 7.69
50–54 29 842 31 017 60 858 7.15
55–59 24 330 26 221 50 551 5.94
60–64 19 874 21 043 40 918 4.81
65-69 14 070 15 448 29 519 3.47
70-74 9 895 11 794 21 688 2.55
75-79 6 870 9 521 16 390 1.93
80-84 3 920 6 283 10 203 1.20
85-89 1 762 3 919 5 681 0.67
90-94 662 1 843 2 505 0.29
95-99 120 441 560 0.07
100+ 47 137 183 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 103 742 98 521 202 263 23.78
15–64 270 347 291 385 561 732 66.03
65+ 37 346 49 386 86 732 10.20

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):[5]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 406 983 449 875 856 858 100
0–4 29 077 28 944 58 021 6.77
5–9 32 392 32 182 64 574 7.54
10–14 34 645 33 742 68 387 7.98
15–19 33 493 32 392 65 885 7.69
20–24 24 181 24 747 48 928 5.71
25–29 22 409 26 263 48 672 5.68
30–34 22 818 28 736 51 554 6.02
35–39 24 095 29 971 54 066 6.31
40–44 25 024 30 174 55 198 6.44
45–49 27 567 30 947 58 514 6.83
50–54 31 127 33 487 64 614 7.54
55–59 29 200 30 863 60 063 7.01
60–64 22 867 25 358 48 225 5.63
65-69 18 590 20 655 39 245 4.58
70-74 12 445 14 673 27 118 3.16
75-79 8 537 10 883 19 420 2.27
80-84 4 983 8 239 13 222 1.54
85-89 2 358 4 468 6 826 0.80
90-94 943 2 227 3 170 0.37
95-99 203 734 937 0.11
100+ 29 190 219 0.03
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 96 114 94 868 190 982 22.29
15–64 262 781 292 938 555 719 64.86
65+ 48 088 62 069 110 157 12.86

Historical population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950248,000—    
1960335,000+35.1%
1970462,000+37.9%
1980510,000+10.4%
1990612,000+20.0%
2000739,000+20.8%
2010846,000+14.5%
2019866,500+2.4%
Source:[6] 2019 data[7]
Year Population Year Population Year Population
1671 90 1830 101 300 1961 349 282
1696 269 1848 110 300 1967 416 525
1704 734 1849 120 900 1974 476 675
1713 1 171 1860 200 000 1982 515 814
1717 2 000 1870 212 000 1990 597 823
1724 12 550 1887 163 881 1999 706 300
1764 25 000 1897 173 192 2006 781 962
1777 35 100 1926 182 637 2007 790 500
1789 61 300 1946 241 708 2008 802 001
1826 87 100 1954 274 370
Official data from INSEE by census or estimate; estimates shown in italics.

Vital statistics

[8][9] Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1950 248 11 714 5 570 6 144 48.0 22.8 25.2
1951 259 11 684 4 653 7 031 46.5 18.5 28.0
1952 268 13 231 4 677 8 554 51.3 18.1 33.2
1953 277 13 597 4 444 9 153 51.1 16.7 34.4
1954 284 13 613 4 064 9 549 49.7 14.8 34.9
1955 292 14 082 4 394 9 688 49.2 15.4 33.9
1956 300 14 129 3 746 10 383 47.7 12.7 35.1
1957 308 14 484 3 464 11 020 46.9 11.2 35.7
1958 317 14 271 4 594 9 677 44.9 14.4 30.4
1959 326 14 388 4 422 9 966 44.0 13.5 30.5
1960 336 14 856 3 892 10 964 44.0 11.5 32.4
1961 345 15 205 4 001 11 204 43.7 11.5 32.2
1962 355 15 937 4 121 11 816 44.4 11.5 32.9
1963 366 16 482 4 058 12 424 44.4 10.9 33.5
1964 378 16 681 3 960 12 721 43.3 10.3 33.0
1965 391 16 869 3 806 13 063 42.9 9.7 33.2
1966 405 16 683 4 284 12 399 41.4 10.6 30.8
1967 421 16 013 3 586 12 427 38.1 8.5 29.6
1968 437 15 827 3 763 12 064 37.2 8.8 28.3
1969 451 15 153 3 867 11 286 34.8 8.9 25.9
1970 462 13 437 3 663 9 774 30.1 8.2 21.9
1971 470 14 432 3 494 10 938 31.7 7.7 24.0
1972 475 13 740 3 391 10 349 29.7 7.3 22.4
1973 479 13 287 3 377 9 910 28.3 7.2 21.1
1974 482 13 423 3 090 10 333 28.3 6.5 21.8
1975 485 13 301 3 182 10 119 27.7 6.6 21.0
1976 488 12 828 3 113 9 715 26.3 6.4 20.0
1977 492 12 517 3 119 9 398 25.4 6.3 19.1
1978 497 11 978 3 129 8 849 24.1 6.3 17.8
1979 503 12 444 3 021 9 423 24.8 6.0 18.7
1980 509 12 302 3 258 9 044 24.2 6.4 17.8
1981 517 11 838 3 161 8 677 23.1 6.2 16.9
1982 527 11 964 3 048 8 916 23.1 5.9 17.2
1983 537 12 484 3 301 9 183 23.7 6.3 17.4
1984 548 13 116 3 040 10 076 24.4 5.7 18.8
1985 559 13 163 3 018 10 145 24.1 5.5 18.6
1986 569 12 797 3 065 9 732 23.0 5.5 17.5
1987 579 12 599 3 090 9 509 22.3 5.5 16.8
1988 589 13 561 3 163 10 398 23.6 5.5 18.1
1989 599 13 898 3 307 10 591 23.6 5.6 18.0
1990 597.828 13 877 3 151 10 726 23.1 5.2 17.8
1991 607.837 14 117 3 401 10 716 23.1 5.6 17.5 2.56
1992 620.333 14 240 3 347 10 893 22.8 5.4 17.4 2.55
1993 633.030 13 432 3 205 10 227 21.3 5.1 16.2 2.38
1994 645.093 13 327 3 089 10 238 20.7 4.8 15.9 2.33
1995 657.162 13 053 3 135 9 918 19.9 4.8 15.1 2.27
1996 668.915 13 047 3 565 9 482 19.5 5.3 14.2 2.25
1997 680.185 13 712 3 553 10 159 20.1 5.2 14.9 2.35
1998 692.184 13 538 3 731 9 807 19.5 5.4 14.2 2.31
1999 703.820 14 153 3 825 10 328 20.0 5.4 14.6 2.33
2000 716.314 14 594 3 836 10 758 20.2 5.3 14.9 2.51
2001 729.010 14 541 3 829 10 712 19.8 5.2 14.6 2.45
2002 740.207 14 789 4 004 10 785 19.8 5.4 14.4 2.41
2003 750.840 14 427 4 041 10 386 19.0 5.3 13.7 2.43
2004 761.630 14 545 3 958 10 587 18.9 5.1 13.8 2.45
2005 772.907 14 610 4 357 10 253 18.7 5.6 13.1 2.49
2006 781.962 14 495 4 323 10 172 18.4 5.5 12.9 2.44
2007 794.107 14 808 3 974 10 834 18.6 5.0 13.6 2.47
2008 808.250 14 927 4 115 10 812 18.4 5.1 13.4 2.47
2009 816.364 14 299 4 109 10 190 17.4 5.0 12.4 2.37
2010 821.136 14 147 4 220 9 927 17.0 5.1 11.9 2.36
2011 828.581 14 124 4 002 10 122 16.5 4.7 11.8 2.37
2012 833.944 14 288 4 167 10 121 16.5 4.8 11.7 2.43
2013 835.103 14 002 4 258 9 744 16.6 5.1 11.5 2.41
2014 842.767 14 095 4 355 9 740 16.8 5.2 11.6 2.44
2015 850.727 14 011 4 531 9 480 16.5 5.3 11.2 2.46
2016 852.924 13 742 4 685 9 053 16.1 5.5 10.6 2.43
2017 853.659 13 708 4 673 9 035 16.0 5.5 10.5 2.44
2018 855.961 13 364 5 011 8 353 15.6 5.8 9.8 2.39
2019 861.210 13 171 5 064 8 107 15.3 5.9 9.4 2.36
2020 863.197 13 142 5 154 7 988 15.2 6.0 9.2 2.37
2021 866.181 13 470 5 750 7 720 15.5 6.6 8.9 2.44
2022 868.846 15.7 7.0 8.7 2.49

Life expectancy

At birth, life expectancy is 76.5 years for male children, and 82.9 for female (figures for 2011).[9]

Religion

Main article: Religion in Réunion
Moufia Mosque in Saint-Denis

The predominant religion is the Catholic branch of Christianity, with Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism also represented, among others.

Language

French is the only official language of Reunion. Although not official, Réunion Creole is also commonly spoken by the majority of the population. One can hear it in any administration or office, but education is only in French.[10]

Tamil is taught as optional language in some schools.[11] Due to the diverse population, other languages such as Mandarin, Hakka and Cantonese are also spoken by members of the Chinese community, but fewer people speak these languages as younger generations start to converse in French. The number of speakers of Indian languages (mostly Urdu and Gujarati) is also dropping sharply. Arabic is taught in mosques and spoken by a small community of Arabs.

Ethnic groups

See also: Cafres, Indo-Réunionnais, Malbars, and Chinois (Réunion)
Manapany

Ethnic groups present include people of European, African, Malagasy, Indians and Chinese origin as well as many of mixed race. Local names for these are used: Yabs, Cafres, Malbars and Zarabes (both ethnic groups of Indian origin) and Chinois.

The proportion of people of each ethnicity is not known exactly, since the 1958 constitution bans questions about ethnicity in compulsory censuses in France.[12] Extensive and long-going intermarriage also blurs the issue. People of primarily African descent make up 35% of the population, those of primarily European and Indian descent number about one-quarter each, and people of Chinese, Malay, Vietnamese descent, along with those identifying as Métis, form roughly 15%.[13][14][15]

People of Tamil origin make up the majority of the Indo-Réunionnais people about 12%-13% of the island's population; Gujarati, Bihari and other origins form the remainder of the population. The island's community of Muslims from modern region of Pakistan and North India and elsewhere is also commonly referred to as Zarabes.

Creoles (a name given to those born on the island, of various ethnic origins), make up the majority of the population. Groups that are not creole include people from Metropolitan France (known as Zoreilles) and those from Mayotte and the Comoros.

Genetics

In 2005, a genetic study on the racially mixed people of Réunion found the following. For maternal (mitochondrial) DNA, the haplogroups are Indian (44%), East Asian (27%), European/Middle Eastern (19%) or African (10%). The Indian lineages are M2, M6 and U2i, the East Asian ones are E1, D5a, M7c, and F (E1 and M7c also found only in South East Asia and in Madagascar), the European/Middle Eastern ones are U2e, T1, J, H, and I, and the African ones are L1b1, L2a1, L3b, and L3e1.[16]

For paternal (Y-chromosome) DNA, the haplogroups are European/Middle Eastern (85%) or East Asian (15%). The European lineages are R1b and I, the Middle Eastern one E1b1b1c (formerly E3b3) (also found in Northeast Africa), and the East Asian ones are R1a (found in many parts of the world including Europe and Central and Southern Asia but the particular sequence has been found in Asia) and O3.[16]

References

  1. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  2. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  4. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  5. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  6. ^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ INSEE. "Estimation de population par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge - Années 1975 à 2019" (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-19.
  8. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.[not specific enough to verify]
  9. ^ a b "Insee - Population". insee.fr.
  10. ^ "Ethnologue report (language code:rcf)". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  11. ^ "NRI" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  12. ^ Oppenheimer, David B. (2008-08-20). "SSRN-Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity - In a French Way by David Oppenheimer". Papers.ssrn.com. SSRN 1236362. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ Clicanoo. "La Réunion Métisse".
  14. ^ Tarnus, Evelyne; Bourdon, Emmanuel (2006). "Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion". Advances in Physiology Education. 30 (4): 248–253. doi:10.1152/advan.00069.2005. PMID 17108254. S2CID 19474655.
  15. ^ [1] Archived February 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ a b Gemma Berniell-Lee; Stéphanie Plaza; Elena Bosch; Francesc Calafell; Eric Jourdan; Maya Cesari; Gérard Lefranc & David Comas (2008). "Admixture and Sexual Bias in the Population Settlement of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (1). WILEY-LISS, INC.: 100–107. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20783. PMID 18186507. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
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