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Divya Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at [[Delhi University]].<ref name=":0" /> She is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, [[IIT Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She teaches advanced topics in Literature and Philosophy, like the Functions of Satire, Art and Technology, Romanticism, Narratology etc. She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" />
Divya Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at [[Delhi University]].<ref name=":0" /> She is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, [[IIT Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She teaches advanced topics in Literature and Philosophy, like the Functions of Satire, Art and Technology, Romanticism, Narratology etc. She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" />


Divya also contributed and published several research works, mainly in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.<ref name=":0" />
Dwivedi also contributed and published several research works, mainly in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.<ref name=":0" />


Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, racism, and Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref>
Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, racism, and Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref>
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== Scholarship and public commentary on caste and racism ==
== Scholarship and public commentary on caste and racism ==
Dwivedi has published research papers on caste oppression and racism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=The Mooknayak |date=2023-10-23 |title=Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/discussion-interview/who-can-quarrel-with-the-feast-of-truth-on-divya-dwivedi |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=The Mooknayak English - Voice Of The Voiceless |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref> She has opposed caste oppression and racism in the public sphere in leading news papers and other media through her interviews and articles. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cargo Cult Democracy: Interview with the philosopher Divya Dwivedi on democracy, caste, and the future of India |url=https://www.ilna.ir/Section-world-8/1288369-cargo-cult-democracy-interview-with-the-philosopher-divya-dwivedi-on-democracy-caste-and-the-future-of-india |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=ILNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-11 |title=Divya Dwivedi : « En Inde, les minorités religieuses sont persécutées pour cacher que la véritable majorité, ce sont les castes inférieures » |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/02/11/divya-dwivedi-en-inde-les-minorites-religieuses-sont-persecutees-pour-cacher-que-la-veritable-majorite-ce-sont-les-castes-inferieures_6113301_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Compassionate Revolution of Saint Stan Swamy (1937 – 2021) |url=https://thewire.in/rights/the-compassionate-revolution-of-saint-stan-swamy |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Wire}}</ref> In 2022 when Dwivedi “was visciously attacked by the right-wing”, a petition in defence of her “was signed by many leading intellectual figures around the globe, receiving over 200 signatures, including Etienne Balibar, Slavoj Žižek, Barbara Cassin, Antonio Negri, and others” as reported by [[Mediapart]] and other media. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Protean |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India’s Right Wing • Protean Magazine |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediapart |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref>
Dwivedi has published research papers on caste oppression and racism.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=English |first=The Mooknayak |date=2023-10-23 |title=Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/discussion-interview/who-can-quarrel-with-the-feast-of-truth-on-divya-dwivedi |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=The Mooknayak English - Voice Of The Voiceless |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref> She has opposed caste oppression and racism in the public sphere in leading news papers and other media through her interviews and articles. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cargo Cult Democracy: Interview with the philosopher Divya Dwivedi on democracy, caste, and the future of India |url=https://www.ilna.ir/Section-world-8/1288369-cargo-cult-democracy-interview-with-the-philosopher-divya-dwivedi-on-democracy-caste-and-the-future-of-india |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=ILNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-11 |title=Divya Dwivedi : « En Inde, les minorités religieuses sont persécutées pour cacher que la véritable majorité, ce sont les castes inférieures » |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/02/11/divya-dwivedi-en-inde-les-minorites-religieuses-sont-persecutees-pour-cacher-que-la-veritable-majorite-ce-sont-les-castes-inferieures_6113301_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Compassionate Revolution of Saint Stan Swamy (1937 – 2021) |url=https://thewire.in/rights/the-compassionate-revolution-of-saint-stan-swamy |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Wire}}</ref> Dwivedi has also written “philosophical investigative reports on the effects of Indian caste system, she says it is “Aryan doctrine”, on the rest of the world”.<ref name=":4" />


According to [[Meena Dhanda]] Dwivedi’s work is showing “an intellectual history of a defining idea of Hinduism in a way that allows them to make explicit the work of construction that underpins it.”[https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/] In 2020, she wrote in the journal [[Esprit (magazine)|ESPRIT]] that caste oppression is masked through the Hindu category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ce que l'hindouisme recouvre {{!}} Revue Esprit |url=https://esprit.presse.fr/article/divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ce-que-l-hindouisme-recouvre-42787 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Esprit Presse |language=fr}}</ref> In the 2021 January cover story of [[The Caravan|the Caravan magazine]] titled "The Hindu Hoax: How Upper Castes Invented a Hindu Majority" she argued that lower caste political leaders were opposed to the Hindu category when it was being proposed during the colonial rule. In the same article Dwivedi said that colonialism was mostly a liberating experience for the lower caste people, as it allowed them access to public spaces and public institutions such as schools and the army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reghu |first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J |title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref> After the publication of the Caravan article Dwivedi received threats against her as reported by news media including [[Truthout|TruthOut]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ballas |first=Anthony |date=2023-02-01 |title=As Universities Submit to Neoliberalism and Fascism, Workers Must Fight Back |url=https://truthout.org/articles/as-universities-submit-to-neoliberalism-and-fascism-workers-must-fight-back/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Truthout |language=en-US}}</ref> and Le Monde.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-02 |title=En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref> In 2021, Jean-Luc Nancy wrote in the [[Libération]] about Dwivedi’s writings on caste oppression and expressed concern about the threats to her.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Protean |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India’s Right Wing • Protean Magazine |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2022 when Dwivedi “was visciously attacked by the right-wing”, a petition in defence of her “was signed by many leading intellectual figures around the globe, receiving over 200 signatures, including [[Étienne Balibar|Etienne Balibar]], [[Slavoj Žižek]], [[Barbara Cassin]], [[Antonio Negri]], [[Stuart Kauffman|Stuart kauffman]], and others” as reported by [[Mediapart]], [[Mathrubhumi]] and other media. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Protean |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India’s Right Wing • Protean Magazine |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediapart |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=International community expresses solidarity with Divya Dwivedi, Shaj Mohan |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/india/international-community-expresses-solidarity-with-the-divya-dwivedi-shaj-mohan-1.8025674 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
According to [[Meena Dhanda]] Dwivedi’s work is showing “an intellectual history of a defining idea of Hinduism in a way that allows them to make explicit the work of construction that underpins it.”[https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/] Ajay S Sekher said that her work exposes and criticizes epistemologically the violence of the caste-ridden society” and its patriarchal system.<ref name=":1" />
In 2020, she wrote in the journal [[Esprit (magazine)|ESPRIT]] that caste oppression is masked through the Hindu category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ce que l'hindouisme recouvre {{!}} Revue Esprit |url=https://esprit.presse.fr/article/divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ce-que-l-hindouisme-recouvre-42787 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Esprit Presse |language=fr}}</ref> In the 2021 January cover story of [[The Caravan|the Caravan magazine]] titled "The Hindu Hoax: How Upper Castes Invented a Hindu Majority" she argued that lower caste political leaders were opposed to the Hindu category when it was being proposed during the colonial rule. In the same article Dwivedi said that colonialism was mostly a liberating experience for the lower caste people, as it allowed them access to public spaces and public institutions such as schools and the army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reghu |first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J |title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref> After the publication of the Caravan article Dwivedi received threats against her as reported by news media including [[Truthout|TruthOut]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ballas |first=Anthony |date=2023-02-01 |title=As Universities Submit to Neoliberalism and Fascism, Workers Must Fight Back |url=https://truthout.org/articles/as-universities-submit-to-neoliberalism-and-fascism-workers-must-fight-back/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Truthout |language=en-US}}</ref> and Le Monde.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-02 |title=En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref> In 2021, Jean-Luc Nancy wrote in the [[Libération]] about Dwivedi’s writings on caste oppression and expressed concern about the threats to her.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Protean |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India’s Right Wing • Protean Magazine |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>


Dwivedi has also supported individuals<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi pledges support for research scholar protesting against university |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mg-university-strike-1.6159026 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> suffering under institutional caste oppression.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi extends support to Anupama Chandran |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralachildadoptioncase-1.6192836 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> [[Mathrubhumi]] and other media outlets reported that Dwivedi "expressed her concerns over the ongoing protest against alleged caste discrimination at [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts|KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]] (KRNNIVSA) in Kottayam".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi expresses concerns over Kerala film institute row |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/kerala/divya-dwivedi-expresses-concerns-over-kerala-film-institute-row-1.8234906 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
Dwivedi has also supported individuals<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi pledges support for research scholar protesting against university |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mg-university-strike-1.6159026 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> suffering under institutional caste oppression.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi extends support to Anupama Chandran |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralachildadoptioncase-1.6192836 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> [[Mathrubhumi]] and other media outlets reported that Dwivedi "expressed her concerns over the ongoing protest against alleged caste discrimination at [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts|KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]] (KRNNIVSA) in Kottayam".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi expresses concerns over Kerala film institute row |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/kerala/divya-dwivedi-expresses-concerns-over-kerala-film-institute-row-1.8234906 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>


Dwivedi has spoken about the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] in Indian society and governance, and her belief that destruction of the caste order is the "only worthy pursuit of Indian politics." Dwivedi has said "it will be a social revolution rather than another transfer of power that alone will destroy the caste order."<ref name="AsianLite"/> In an interview reported by the interviewer Abhish K Bose to have later become "viral and controversial",<ref name="Bose 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Class, Caste And Communism: An Interview With J. Reghu{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2023/04/class-caste-and-communism-an-interview-with-j-reghu/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Dwivedi said Hinduism was invented in the early 20th century, by upper caste leaders such as [[Mahatma Gandhi]], to hide the caste discrimination.<ref name="Sharmal643">{{cite web | last=Sharma | first=Kritika | title=IIT-Delhi faculty calls Hindu religion a 20th century invention, triggers controversy | website=ThePrint | date=2019-10-07 | url=https://theprint.in/india/iit-delhi-faculty-hindu-religion-20th-century-invention-controversy/302088/|quote=Divya Dwivedi says studies prove Mahatma Gandhi was one of the leaders who constructed the idea of ‘false Hindu majority’ in India.}}</ref><ref name="AsianLite">{{cite news |title=A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi |url=https://asianlite.com/2022/top-news/a-french-style-revolution-can-only-help-india-recover-from-its-current-caste-stasis-says-prof-dwivedi/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=Asian Lite International |date=18 October 2022}}</ref> According to Bose, "Her point was that as long as upper castes controlled this religion, which is almost a state religion, the lower castes as its members could never start a true liberation movement."<ref name="Bose 2023"/>
Dwivedi has spoken about the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] in Indian society and governance, and her belief that destruction of the caste order is the "only worthy pursuit of Indian politics." Dwivedi has said "it will be a social revolution rather than another transfer of power that alone will destroy the caste order."<ref name="AsianLite">{{cite news |date=18 October 2022 |title=A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi |work=Asian Lite International |url=https://asianlite.com/2022/top-news/a-french-style-revolution-can-only-help-india-recover-from-its-current-caste-stasis-says-prof-dwivedi/ |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref> In an interview reported by the interviewer Abhish K Bose to have later become "viral and controversial",<ref name="Bose 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Class, Caste And Communism: An Interview With J. Reghu{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2023/04/class-caste-and-communism-an-interview-with-j-reghu/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Bose said that Dwivedi spoke about Hinduism “as a strategy to subordinate the lower caste people under the upper castes” in the 20th century. According to Bose, her argument was that “as long as upper castes controlled this religion, which is almost a state religion, the lower castes as its members could never start a true liberation movement."<ref name="Bose 2023"/>


On September 13, 2023, ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' reported comments made by Dwivedi in an interview with [[France 24]] were "misrepresented by a group of people in cyberspace who are accusing Divya of making disparaging comments against Hinduism and India," and death threats had been made against her.<ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232">{{cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=[[Mathrubhumi|English.Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/writers-stand-in-solidarity-with-divya-dwivedi-1.8900370 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> A variety of writers, including Kerala [[Sahitya Akademi]] President K Satchidanandan, [[Savithri Rajeevan]], Deepthi Krishna, Ram Mohan, and Ajay Shekhar expressed solidarity with Dwivedi.<ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232" /><ref name=":3" />Dwivedi also faced racist and sexist remarks by several news outlets and journalists after her criticism on caste-oppression. <ref name=":3" />
On September 13, 2023, ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' reported comments made by Dwivedi in an interview with [[France 24]] were "misrepresented by a group of people in cyberspace who are accusing Divya of making disparaging comments against Hinduism and India," and death threats had been made against her.<ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232">{{cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=[[Mathrubhumi|English.Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/writers-stand-in-solidarity-with-divya-dwivedi-1.8900370 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> A variety of writers, including Kerala [[Sahitya Akademi]] President K Satchidanandan, [[Savithri Rajeevan]], Deepthi Krishna, Ram Mohan, and Ajay Shekhar expressed solidarity with Dwivedi.<ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232" /><ref name=":3" />Dwivedi also faced racist and sexist remarks by several news outlets and journalists after her criticism on caste-oppression. <ref name=":3" />

Revision as of 15:47, 16 November 2023

Divya Dwivedi
Dwivedi speaking at the India International Centre, New Delhi
Alma materLady Shri Ram College (BA)
St. Stephen's College, Delhi (MA)
Delhi University (M.Phil)
IIT Delhi (PhD)
Notable workGandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics
EraContemporary philosophy
SchoolDeconstruction
Post-metaphysics
InstitutionsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Delhi University
St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Main interests
Ontology, metaphysics, literature, and philosophy of politics

Divya Dwivedi is an Indian philosopher[1] and author.[2] She is an associate professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Her work focuses on ontology, metaphysics, literature, and philosophy of politics.[3] She is the co-author of Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics.

Early life and education

Dwivedi is originally from Allahabad. Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the Supreme Court of India.[4] Dwivedi’s paternal grandfather, S. N. Dwivedi was a judge at the Supreme Court of India, and her maternal grandfather Raj Mangal Pande was a minister in the union government of India.[5]

She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi and her Master's degree from St. Stephen's College.[6] She pursued her M.Phil from University of Delhi and received her doctorate from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.[6]

Career

Divya Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at Delhi University.[6] She is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.[6][7] She teaches advanced topics in Literature and Philosophy, like the Functions of Satire, Art and Technology, Romanticism, Narratology etc. She was a visiting scholar at Centre for Fictionality Studies, Aarhus University in 2013 and 2014.[6]

Dwivedi also contributed and published several research works, mainly in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.[6]

Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,[8] religious discrimination, racism, and Hindu nationalism.[9][10]

She is the editor and co-founder of the international multilingual journal Philosophy World Democracy with Zeynep Direk, Achille Mbembe, Jean-Luc Nancy, Shaj Mohan, and Mireille Delmas-Marty.[1]

American journal for critical theory, Episteme, published a special issue on the work of Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan in 2021,[3] including articles by Robert Bernasconi[11] and Marguerite La Caze.[12]

She is a member of the Theory Committee of the International Comparative Literature Association along with Robert J. C. Young, Stefan Willer and others.[13] Dwivedi is a member of the International Network of Women Philosophers.[14] Dwivedi was elected as a member of the executive council of International Society for the Study of Narrative (ISSN) in 2022.[15]

Philosophical works and views

Dwivedi's philosophical standpoint departs from the school of deconstruction and it was described as deconstructive materialism.[16][17] Her philosophical research projects developed in a "community of friendship with Jean-Luc Nancy, Bernard Stiegler, Achille Mbembe, and Barbara Cassin".[18] She publishes in the areas of ontology,[19] narratology,[20] metaphysics, linguistics,[21] and deconstruction.[22]

Dwivedi’s work on Psychoanalysis is focused on the theory of drives in Sigmund Freud. Jean-Luc Nancy said that her work on Freud is "very enlightening" and she has "tied up a very important link between the texts of Freud", thereby showing the connections between Freud’s theory of drives, mass psychology and politics.[23]

School of thought

Dwivedi said that philosophy is a disruptive practice following from the Socratic model.[24] Following from it there is "a necessary relation between philosophy and politics". She is opposed to treating philosophical traditions as adjectives of philosophical practice.[25]

In an introduction to the December 2017 Women Philosphers' Journal guest-edited by Dwivedi, Barbara Cassin wrote Dwivedi "is a philosopher" whose refusal to make "the post-colonial the first and the last word undoubtedly allows us to clarify with greater precision what is happening to women, philosophers and intellectuals in India today".[26]

In an interview with Mediapart Dwivedi said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper caste political projects.[27] Dwivedi noted that in the field of feminism postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theoretical standpoint which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the Me too movement.[28] Dwivedi wrote in her editorial introduction to the UNESCO journal La Revue des Femmes-Philosophes that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism.[29]

Together, postcolonialism and subaltern theory have established the paradigm of research in humanities and social sciences—in India and abroad—over the past four decades. "Eurocentrism", "historicisation", and "postcolonialism" are also the operative terms through which the Hindu nationalist discourse conserves the caste order.

Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics

In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics with the philosopher Shaj Mohan. The book examines different aspects of Mahatma Gandhi's thought from a new philosophical system.[30][31] Jean-Luc Nancy wrote the foreword to Gandhi and Philosophy and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.[32]

The book proposes that in addition to the metaphysical tendency in philosophy there is a 'hypophysical tendency'; hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". As per hypophysics the distance from nature that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of technology lessens their value, or brings them closer to evil.[33] Gandhi's concept of passive force or nonviolence is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.[34] Dwivedi made a separation between metaphysics and hypophysics in her Royal Institute of Philosophy lecture, "While both seek to diagnose the 'west', each opens on to distinct futures: metaphysics to an "other thinking" than philosophy, hypophysics to the other of thinking itself".[35]

Gandhi and Philosophy identifies racism with caste practices and ascribes a form of racism to Gandhi.[16] Dwivedi has said Gandhi "invented a new basis for racism, which is based on moral superiority".[36] In a review of the book in The Indian Express, Aakash Joshi says of the authors, "Perhaps it is because they are not tied to Gandhi’s political project - secularism of a particular kind, freedom from colonial concepts, caste without violence - that they are capable of addressing the more uncomfortable aspects of his life and politics."[36]

The Book Review said that the philosophical project of Gandhi and Philosophy is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".[37] Robert Bernasconi writes, "It is a challenging book to read. Familiar words that you think you understand the meaning of are used incongruously and only as you read through the book and come across occurrence after occurrence of these words do you get a new understanding of what that word might now mean. Similarly, they adopt words that seem to be new words, that are certainly new to me, and then slowly as one reads the book one comes to recognise what one can do with language."[11] According to J. Reghu in a review for The Wire, the book "often reads like a thriller, but at times it demands careful attention, which is not surprising since it is an original work in philosophy already recognised by some of the important contemporary philosophers such as Nancy, Stiegler and Bernasconi."[38]

In a review for The Hindu, Tridip Suhrud describes the book as "subversive but deeply affectionate" and writes that the authors, "through their doubt affirm Gandhi as a serious philosopher for our times and beyond."[39] In a review for the The Indian Express, Raj Ayyar stated, "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".[16]

Scholarship and public commentary on caste and racism

Dwivedi has published research papers on caste oppression and racism.[40] [41] She has opposed caste oppression and racism in the public sphere in leading news papers and other media through her interviews and articles. [42][43][44] Dwivedi has also written “philosophical investigative reports on the effects of Indian caste system, she says it is “Aryan doctrine”, on the rest of the world”.[40]

In 2022 when Dwivedi “was visciously attacked by the right-wing”, a petition in defence of her “was signed by many leading intellectual figures around the globe, receiving over 200 signatures, including Etienne Balibar, Slavoj Žižek, Barbara Cassin, Antonio Negri, Stuart kauffman, and others” as reported by Mediapart, Mathrubhumi and other media. [45] [46][47]

According to Meena Dhanda Dwivedi’s work is showing “an intellectual history of a defining idea of Hinduism in a way that allows them to make explicit the work of construction that underpins it.”[1] Ajay S Sekher said that her work exposes and criticizes epistemologically the violence of the caste-ridden society” and its patriarchal system.[45]

In 2020, she wrote in the journal ESPRIT that caste oppression is masked through the Hindu category.[48] In the 2021 January cover story of the Caravan magazine titled "The Hindu Hoax: How Upper Castes Invented a Hindu Majority" she argued that lower caste political leaders were opposed to the Hindu category when it was being proposed during the colonial rule. In the same article Dwivedi said that colonialism was mostly a liberating experience for the lower caste people, as it allowed them access to public spaces and public institutions such as schools and the army.[49] After the publication of the Caravan article Dwivedi received threats against her as reported by news media including TruthOut[50] and Le Monde.[51] In 2021, Jean-Luc Nancy wrote in the Libération about Dwivedi’s writings on caste oppression and expressed concern about the threats to her.[52]

Dwivedi has also supported individuals[53] suffering under institutional caste oppression.[54] Mathrubhumi and other media outlets reported that Dwivedi "expressed her concerns over the ongoing protest against alleged caste discrimination at KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA) in Kottayam".[55]

Dwivedi has spoken about the caste system in Indian society and governance, and her belief that destruction of the caste order is the "only worthy pursuit of Indian politics." Dwivedi has said "it will be a social revolution rather than another transfer of power that alone will destroy the caste order."[56] In an interview reported by the interviewer Abhish K Bose to have later become "viral and controversial",[57] Bose said that Dwivedi spoke about Hinduism “as a strategy to subordinate the lower caste people under the upper castes” in the 20th century. According to Bose, her argument was that “as long as upper castes controlled this religion, which is almost a state religion, the lower castes as its members could never start a true liberation movement."[57]

On September 13, 2023, Mathrubhumi reported comments made by Dwivedi in an interview with France 24 were "misrepresented by a group of people in cyberspace who are accusing Divya of making disparaging comments against Hinduism and India," and death threats had been made against her.[58] A variety of writers, including Kerala Sahitya Akademi President K Satchidanandan, Savithri Rajeevan, Deepthi Krishna, Ram Mohan, and Ajay Shekhar expressed solidarity with Dwivedi.[58][52]Dwivedi also faced racist and sexist remarks by several news outlets and journalists after her criticism on caste-oppression. [52]

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe". Elle India. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  2. ^ "The Resurrection of Philosophy". The Wire.
  3. ^ a b "Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination". positions politics. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  4. ^ Chandran, Cynthia (11 February 2019). "New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  5. ^ "Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Divya Dwivedi | Humanities & Social Sciences". hss.iitd.ac.in.
  7. ^ "The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA". ILNA. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  8. ^ Reghu, co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J. "How upper castes invented a Hindu majority". The Caravan. Retrieved 15 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Nancy, Jean-Luc. "La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir". Libération (in French). Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  10. ^ "En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  11. ^ a b Bernasconi, Robert (February 2021). "Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan's Gandhi and Philosophy". Episteme (4). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  12. ^ La Caze, Marguerite (February 2021). "Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs: Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy". Episteme (4). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Members ICLA Theory". www.iclatheory.org. 6 July 2015.
  14. ^ "Interview with Divya Dwivedi – Humanities, Arts and Society". Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Executive Council". The Narrative Society. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  16. ^ a b c Ayyar, Raj. "Bending the binary". The Indian Express.
  17. ^ "The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom". positions politics. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  18. ^ Mediapart, Les invités de. "In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  20. ^ "The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom". positions politics. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  21. ^ "A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi - Asian News from UK". 18 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  22. ^ Mediapart, Les invités de. "In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  23. ^ "On Freud's Group Psychology: A Debate". European Journal of Psychoanalysis. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  24. ^ Mehta, Ashish (5 April 2019). "In search of Gandhi's answer to the question: 'What a human life should be', Interview". Governance Now.
  25. ^ "Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde". France Culture.
  26. ^ Cassin, Barbara (December 2017). "Issue N° 4-5: Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species". Women Philosophers’ Journal. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  27. ^ Confavreux, Joseph (27 May 2018). "Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'". mediapart.fr.
  28. ^ "Amid changing nature of sex as an activity, debates over Raya Sarkar's list represent post-colonial binaries". Firstpost. 5 November 2017.
  29. ^ "N° 4-5 / December 2017 Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species". www.unesco.org.
  30. ^ "Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination". positions politics. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Gandhi and Philosophy". Bloomsbury Academic.
  32. ^ "Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth". Scroll.in.
  33. ^ "Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics". Frontline.
  34. ^ Singh, Siddharth (27 September 2019). "A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas". Open Magazine.
  35. ^ "Gandhi's Hypophysics (Dwivedi)". Royal Institute of Philosophy: Public Lectures.
  36. ^ a b Joshi, Aakash (18 August 2019). "A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation :Reading the Mahatma, Interview". The Indian Express.
  37. ^ Tankha, V. "Philosophizing Gandhi". The Book Review.
  38. ^ "Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy". The Wire.
  39. ^ Suhrud, Tridip (17 August 2019). "'Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith". The Hindu.
  40. ^ a b English, The Mooknayak (23 October 2023). "Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi". The Mooknayak English - Voice Of The Voiceless. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  41. ^ "Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere". English.Mathrubhumi. 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  42. ^ "Cargo Cult Democracy: Interview with the philosopher Divya Dwivedi on democracy, caste, and the future of India". ILNA. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  43. ^ "Divya Dwivedi : « En Inde, les minorités religieuses sont persécutées pour cacher que la véritable majorité, ce sont les castes inférieures »". Le Monde.fr (in French). 11 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  44. ^ "The Compassionate Revolution of Saint Stan Swamy (1937 – 2021)". The Wire. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  45. ^ a b Magazine, Protean (5 October 2023). "Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India's Right Wing • Protean Magazine". Protean Magazine. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  46. ^ Mediapart, Les invités de. "In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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  48. ^ "Ce que l'hindouisme recouvre | Revue Esprit". Esprit Presse (in French). Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  49. ^ Reghu, co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J. "How upper castes invented a Hindu majority". The Caravan. Retrieved 6 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ Ballas, Anthony (1 February 2023). "As Universities Submit to Neoliberalism and Fascism, Workers Must Fight Back". Truthout. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  51. ^ "En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  52. ^ a b c Magazine, Protean (5 October 2023). "Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India's Right Wing • Protean Magazine". Protean Magazine. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  53. ^ "Divya Dwivedi pledges support for research scholar protesting against university". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  54. ^ "Divya Dwivedi extends support to Anupama Chandran". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  55. ^ "Divya Dwivedi expresses concerns over Kerala film institute row". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  56. ^ "A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi". Asian Lite International. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  57. ^ a b "Class, Caste And Communism: An Interview With J. Reghu| Countercurrents". countercurrents.org. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  58. ^ a b "Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi". English.Mathrubhumi. 13 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  59. ^ "Weekly Book List". Chronicle of Higher Education. 64 (36). 22 June 2018 – via Academic Search Complete.

Further reading

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