Borealpox virus: Difference between revisions
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In 2020, the [[Alaska Department of Health and Social Services]] announced the second known infection of ''Alaskapox'' in another Fairbanks woman.<ref name="ADN2019">{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Annie |title=A Fairbanks woman was recently diagnosed with the second known case of ‘Alaskapox’ |url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2020/10/01/a-fairbanks-woman-was-recently-diagnosed-with-the-second-known-case-of-alaskapox/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=Anchorage Daily News |date=2 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702213731/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2020/10/01/a-fairbanks-woman-was-recently-diagnosed-with-the-second-known-case-of-alaskapox/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Two additional cases were identified in the Fairbanks area in the summer of 2021.<ref name="ADN2021">{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Annie |title=3rd and 4th known cases of ‘Alaskapox’ — both mild — were recently diagnosed in the Fairbanks area |url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2021/09/14/3rd-and-4th-known-cases-of-alaskapox-both-mild-were-recently-diagnosed-in-the-fairbanks-area/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=Anchorage Daily News |date=14 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702213732/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2021/09/14/3rd-and-4th-known-cases-of-alaskapox-both-mild-were-recently-diagnosed-in-the-fairbanks-area/ |url-status=live }}</ref> All four known cases were mild, not requiring hospitalization.<ref name="ADN2021"/> |
In 2020, the [[Alaska Department of Health and Social Services]] announced the second known infection of ''Alaskapox'' in another Fairbanks woman.<ref name="ADN2019">{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Annie |title=A Fairbanks woman was recently diagnosed with the second known case of ‘Alaskapox’ |url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2020/10/01/a-fairbanks-woman-was-recently-diagnosed-with-the-second-known-case-of-alaskapox/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=Anchorage Daily News |date=2 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702213731/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2020/10/01/a-fairbanks-woman-was-recently-diagnosed-with-the-second-known-case-of-alaskapox/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Two additional cases were identified in the Fairbanks area in the summer of 2021.<ref name="ADN2021">{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Annie |title=3rd and 4th known cases of ‘Alaskapox’ — both mild — were recently diagnosed in the Fairbanks area |url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2021/09/14/3rd-and-4th-known-cases-of-alaskapox-both-mild-were-recently-diagnosed-in-the-fairbanks-area/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=Anchorage Daily News |date=14 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702213732/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2021/09/14/3rd-and-4th-known-cases-of-alaskapox-both-mild-were-recently-diagnosed-in-the-fairbanks-area/ |url-status=live }}</ref> All four known cases were mild, not requiring hospitalization.<ref name="ADN2021"/> |
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In late January 2024 a Kenai man with an immunocompromising condition diagnosed with Alaskapox died, becoming the first death and first reported case outside of the Fairbanks North Star Borough. The patient stated that a stray cat had scratched him near the site the lesion appeared. In September 2023 the man went to seek medial attention due to a tender red bump in his armpit. |
In late January 2024 a Kenai man with an immunocompromising condition diagnosed with Alaskapox died, becoming the first death and first reported case outside of the Fairbanks North Star Borough.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2024/02/09/state-reports-first-known-fatal-case-of-alaskapox/ |title=State reports first known fatal case of Alaskapox |date=9 February 2024 |last=Hollander |first=Zaz |work=Anchorage Daily News}}</ref> The patient stated that a stray cat had scratched him near the site the lesion appeared. In September 2023 the man went to seek medial attention due to a tender red bump in his armpit. |
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== Signs and symptoms == |
== Signs and symptoms == |
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Revision as of 05:01, 10 February 2024
| Alaskapox virus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Nucleocytoviricota |
| Class: | Pokkesviricetes |
| Order: | Chitovirales |
| Family: | Poxviridae |
| Genus: | Orthopoxvirus |
| Species: | Alaskapox virus
|
Alaskapox virus is a species of the Orthopoxvirus genus, first documented in 2015 in the United States state of Alaska.[1] As of February 2024, there are seven reported cases of illness and one death caused by the virus, six of which occurred in Fairbanks North Star Borough and one in Kenai Peninsula Borough.[2]
Discovery
In July 2015, a woman visited a clinic in Fairbanks, Alaska, with lesions that were confirmed to contain an Orthopox virus but did not match any known members of the genus.[1] Subsequent genetic analysis established that the woman, who recovered, had been infected with a novel Orthopox virus.[1] The name Alaskapox virus was proposed after full analysis of its genome was published in 2019.[3]
Subsequent cases
In 2020, the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services announced the second known infection of Alaskapox in another Fairbanks woman.[4] Two additional cases were identified in the Fairbanks area in the summer of 2021.[5] All four known cases were mild, not requiring hospitalization.[5]
In late January 2024 a Kenai man with an immunocompromising condition diagnosed with Alaskapox died, becoming the first death and first reported case outside of the Fairbanks North Star Borough.[6] The patient stated that a stray cat had scratched him near the site the lesion appeared. In September 2023 the man went to seek medial attention due to a tender red bump in his armpit.
Signs and symptoms
In the identified cases, Alaskapox virus causes small lesions on the skin that heal after a few weeks, according to the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services,[2] but the first known patient indicated the lesion took six months to fully resolve.[1] Other reported symptoms include joint or muscle pain and swollen lymph nodes.[2]
Transmission
Transmission of the virus to humans is hypothesized to be via small animals,[5][7] though it is not yet clear specifically how this occurs.[2] As of 2021, there was not established evidence of transmission among humans.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d Springer, Yuri P.; Hsu, Christopher H.; Werle, Zachary R.; Olson, Link E.; Cooper, Michael P.; Castrodale, Louisa J.; Fowler, Nisha; McCollum, Andrea M.; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Emerson, Ginny L.; Wilkins, Kimberly; Doty, Jeffrey B.; Burgado, Jillybeth; Gao, JinXin; Patel, Nishi; Mauldin, Matthew R.; Reynolds, Mary G.; Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S.; Davidson, Whitni; Li, Yu; McLaughlin, Joseph B. (15 June 2017). "Novel Orthopoxvirus Infection in an Alaska Resident". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 64 (12): 1737–1741. doi:10.1093/cid/cix219. PMC 5447873.
- ^ a b c d "Frequently asked questions about Alaskapox virus" (PDF). Alaska Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ Gigante, CM; Gao, J; Tang, S; McCollum, AM; Wilkins, K; Reynolds, MG; Davidson, W; McLaughlin, J; Olson, VA; Li, Y (1 August 2019). "Genome of Alaskapox Virus, A Novel Orthopoxvirus Isolated from Alaska". Viruses. 11 (8). doi:10.3390/v11080708. PMC 6723315. PMID 31375015.
- ^ Berman, Annie (2 October 2020). "A Fairbanks woman was recently diagnosed with the second known case of 'Alaskapox'". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d Berman, Annie (14 September 2021). "3rd and 4th known cases of 'Alaskapox' — both mild — were recently diagnosed in the Fairbanks area". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ Hollander, Zaz (9 February 2024). "State reports first known fatal case of Alaskapox". Anchorage Daily News.
- ^ Forster, Victoria (18 September 2021). "New Virus Causing "Alaskapox" Found In Two More People In Fairbanks". Forbes. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.