Jump to content

Age of candidacy: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Malaysia: Typo: Undagan >>> Undangan
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
→Philippines: 1) corrected the minimum age to run in different government positions; 2) changed "regional assembly" to "Bangsamoro Parliament" as they're the only regional government in the country (all other regions don't, only until provinces); 3) changed "youth councils" to "Sangguniang Kabataan"
Line 164: Line 164:
===Philippines===
===Philippines===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Ages of candidacy in the [[Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The 1987 Consitution of the Republic of the Philippines |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ |website=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines |access-date=February 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Local Government Code of 1991 |url=https://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-2016120_fce005a61a.pdf |publisher=Department of the Interior and Local Government |access-date=February 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Organic Law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2018/07jul/20180727-RA-11054-RRD.pdf |website=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines |access-date=February 16, 2024}}</ref>
|+Ages of candidacy in the [[Philippines]]
!Type of candidate !! Minimum age
!Type of candidate !! Minimum age
|-
|-
Line 170: Line 170:
|-
|-
|[[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] || 35
|[[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] || 35
⚫
|-
|Regional governor || 35
|-
|-
|Member of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]] || 25
|Member of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]] || 25
⚫
|-
|Member of the [[Bangsamoro Parliament]] || 25
|-
|-
|[[Province of the Philippines|Provincial-level]] elected official || 23
|[[Province of the Philippines|Provincial-level]] elected official || 23
|-
|-
|[[City of the Philippines|City-level]] elected official || 21
|[[City of the Philippines|City-level]] elected official in Highly Urbanized Cities || 23
|-
|-
|Mayor or Vice Mayor of all other cities or municipalities || 21
|[[Municipality of the Philippines|Municipal-level]] elected official || 21
|-
|-
|Member of the regional legislative assembly || 21
|Member of [[Sangguniang Panlungsod]] or [[Sangguniang Bayan]] || 18
|-
|-
|[[Barangay]]-level elected official || 18
|[[Barangay]]-level elected official || 18
|-
|-
|Member of [[Sangguniang Kabataan|youth councils]] || 18–24
|Member of [[Sangguniang Kabataan]] || 15-21
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:45, 15 February 2024

Youth rights
Activities
Theory / concepts
Issues
Organizations
People
Related
Part of a series on
Discrimination
Forms
Attributes
Social
Religious
Ethnic/national
Manifestations
Policies
Countermeasures
Related topics

Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally hold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an election or be granted ballot access.

The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the Lex Villia Annalis, a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.[1]

Controversies

In 1972, Linda Jenness ran for president of the United States, although she was 31 at the time.

Many youth rights groups view current age of candidacy requirements as unjustified age discrimination.[2] Occasionally people who are younger than the minimum age will run for an office in protest of the requirement or because they do not know that the requirement exists. On extremely rare occasions, young people have been elected to offices they do not qualify for and have been deemed ineligible to assume the office.

In 1934, Rush Holt of West Virginia was elected to the Senate of the United States at the age of 29. Since the U.S. Constitution requires senators to be at least 30, Holt was forced to wait until his 30th birthday, six months after the start of the session, before being sworn in.[3]

In 1954, Richard Fulton won election to the Tennessee Senate. Shortly after being sworn in, Fulton was ousted from office because he was 27 years old at the time. The Tennessee State Constitution required that senators be at least 30.[4] Rather than hold a new election, the previous incumbent, Clifford Allen, was allowed to resume his office for another term. Fulton went on to win the next State Senate election in 1956 and was later elected to the U.S. House of Representatives where he served for 10 years.

In 1964, Congressman Jed Johnson Jr. of Oklahoma was elected to the 89th Congress in the 1964 election while still aged 24 years. However, he became eligible for the House after turning 25 on his birthday, 27 December 1964, seven days before his swearing in, making him the youngest legally elected and seated member of the United States Congress.[5]

In South Carolina, two Senators aged 24 were elected, but were too young according to the State Constitution: Mike Laughlin in 1969 and Bryan Dorn (later a U.S. congressman) in 1941. They were seated anyway.[6]

On several occasions, the Socialist Workers Party (USA) has nominated candidates too young to qualify for the offices they were running for. In 1972, Linda Jenness ran as the SWP presidential candidate, although she was 31 at the time. Since the U.S. Constitution requires that the President and Vice President be at least 35 years old, Jenness was not able to receive ballot access in several states in which she otherwise qualified.[7] Despite this handicap, Jenness still received 83,380 votes.[8] In 2004, the SWP nominated Arrin Hawkins as the party's vice-presidential candidate, although she was 28 at the time. Hawkins was also unable to receive ballot access in several states due to her age.[9]

Reform efforts

In the United States, many groups have attempted to lower age of candidacy requirements in various states. In 1994, South Dakota voters rejected a ballot measure that would have lowered the age requirements to serve as a State Senator or State Representative from 25 to 18. In 1998, however, they approved a similar ballot measure that reduced the age requirements for those offices from 25 to 21.[10] In 2002, Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure that would have reduced the age requirement to serve as a State Representative from 21 to 18.

During the early 2000s, the British Youth Council and other groups successfully campaigned to lower age of candidacy requirements in the United Kingdom.[11] The age of candidacy was reduced from 21 to 18 in England, Wales and Scotland on 1 January 2007,[12] when section 17 of the Electoral Administration Act 2006 entered into force.[13]

International standards

International electoral standards which are defined in the International Public Human Rights Law, allow restricting candidacy on the basis of age. The interpretation of the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights offered by the United Nations Human Rights Committee in the General Comment 25 states "Any conditions which apply to the exercise of the rights protected by article 25 (of the ICCPR) should be based on objective and reasonable criteria. For example, it may be reasonable to require a higher age for election or appointment to particular offices than for exercising the right to vote, which should be available to every adult citizen."[14]

In various countries

Australia

In Australia a person must be aged 18 or over to stand for election to public office at federal, state or local government level.

The youngest ever member of the House of Representatives was 20-year-old Wyatt Roy elected in the 2010 federal election after the Electoral Act 1918 was amended (in 1973) to reduce the age of candidacy for that office from 21 to 18.[15]

Austria

In Austria, a person must be 18 years of age or older to stand in elections to the European Parliament or National Council.[16] The Diets of regional Länder are able to set a minimum age lower than 18 for to be in the polls in elections to the Diet itself as well as to municipal councils in the Land.[17] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35.

Belgium

Any Belgian who has reached the age of 18 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional parliaments.[18] This is regulated in the Constitution (Art. 64) and in the Special Law on the Reform of the Institutions.

Belize

According to the Constitution of Belize, a person must be at least 18 years old to be elected as a member of the House of Representatives and must be at least 30 to be Speaker of the House. A person must be at least 18 years old to be appointed to the Senate and must be at least 30 to be president or Vice-President of the Senate. As only members of the House of Representatives are eligible to be appointed Prime Minister, the Prime Minister must be at least 18 years old. A person must also be at least 18 years old to be elected to a village council.[19]

Brazil

The Brazilian Constitution (Article 14, Section 3 (VI)) defines 35 years as the minimum age for someone to be elected president, Vice-President or Senator; 30 years for state Governor or Vice-Governor; 21 for Federal or State Deputy, Mayor or Vice-Mayor; and 18 for city Councilman.[20]

Canada

In Canada, to be eligible to run for elected office (municipal, provincial, federal) one must be a minimum of 18 years or older on the day of the election.[21] Prior to 1970, the age requirement was 21 along with the voting age.

However, to be appointed to the Senate (Upper House), one must be at least 30 years of age, must possess land worth at least $4,000 in the province for which they are appointed, and must own real and personal property worth at least $4,000, above their debts and liabilities.[22]

In the province of Ontario, Sam Oosterhoff, a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, was first elected at the age of 19 in a November 2016 by-election, the youngest Ontario MPP to ever be elected. [23]

Pierre-Luc Dusseault (born May 31, 1991) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 federal election at the age of 19, becoming the youngest Member of Parliament in the country's history. He was sworn into office two days after his 20th birthday. He was re-elected in 2015 but lost his seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election.[24]

Central African Republic

Article 36 of the 2016 Constitution of the Central African Republic requires that candidates for President must "be aged thirty-five (35) years at least [on] the day of the deposit of the dossier of the candidature".[25]

Chile

In Chile the minimum age required to be elected President of the Republic is 35 years on the day of the election. Before the 2005 reforms the requirement was 40 years, and from 1925 to 1981 it was 30 years. For senators it is 35 years (between 1981 and 2005 it was 40 years) and for deputies it is 21 years (between 1925 and 1970 it was 35 years).[26]

China

In China the minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 45.[27] All citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election.[28]

Cyprus

In Cyprus the minimum age to be elected president is 35 years. The minimum age to run for the House of Representatives was 25 years until the Constitution was amended in 2019 to lower the limit to 21.[29]

Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic, a person must be at least 18-years-old to be elected in local elections. A person must be at least 21 years old to be elected to the lower house of the Czech Parliament or to the European Parliament and 40 years old to be a member of the upper house (Senate) of the Parliament[30] or the President of the Czech Republic.

Denmark

In Denmark, any adult 18 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Estonia

In Estonia, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected in local elections, and 21 years or older in parliamentary elections. The minimum age for the President of Estonia is 40.[31]

France

In France, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected to the lower house of Parliament, and 24 years or older for the Senate. The minimum age for the President of France is 18.[citation needed]

Germany

In Germany a citizen must be 18 or over to be elected at the national level, like the Chancellor, and this age to be elected at the regional or local level. A person must be 40 or over to be President.

Greece

In Greece, those aged 25 years old and over who hold Greek citizenship are eligible to stand and be elected to the Hellenic Parliament.[32] All over 40 years old are eligible to stand for presidency.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong a person must be at least 21 to be candidate in a district council or Legislative Council election.[33][34] A person must be at least 40 to be candidate in the Chief Executive election, and also at least 40 to be candidate in the election for the President of the Legislative Council from among the members of the Legislative Council.[35]

Iceland

For the office of President, any Icelandic citizen who has reached the age of 35 and fulfills the requirement necessary to vote in elections to the Althing is eligible to be elected president.[36]

India

In India a person must be at least:

Criticism has been on the rise to decrease the age of candidacy in India. Young India Foundation has been working on a campaign to decrease the age of candidacy in India for MPs and MLAs to better reflect the large young demographic of India.[37]

Indonesia

In Indonesia a person must be at least:

Israel

In Israel one must be at least 21 to become a member of the Knesset (Basic Law: The Knesset section 6(a)) or a municipality.[citation needed] When the Prime Minister was directly elected, one must have been a member of the Knesset who is at least 30 to be a candidate for Prime Minister.[citation needed] Every Israeli Citizen (including minors) can be appointed as a Government Minister, or elected as President of Israel, but the latter role is mostly ceremonial and elected by the Parliament.[citation needed]

Italy

In Italy, a person must be at least 50 to be President of the Republic, 40 to be a Senator, and 25 to be a Deputy, as specified in the 1947 Constitution of Italy. 18 years of age is sufficient, however, to be elected member of the Council of Regions, Provinces, and Municipalities (Communes).

Iran

In Iran a person must be at least 21 years old to run for president.[38]

Iraq

The Iraqi constitution states that a person must be at least 40 years old to run for president[39] and 35 years old to be Prime Minister.[40] Until 2019, the electoral law set the age limit at 30 years old for candidates to run for the Council of Representatives.[41] However, the new Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law (passed in 2019, yet to be enacted) lowered the age limit to 28.[42]

Ireland

The 1937 Constitution of Ireland requires the President to be at least 35 and members of the Oireachtas (legislature) to be 21.[43][44] Members of the European Parliament for Ireland must also be 21.[44][45] Members of local authorities must be 18, reduced from 21 in 1973.[44][46] The 1922–1937 Constitution of the Irish Free State required TDs (members of the Dáil, lower house) to be 21,[47] whereas Senators had to be 35 (reduced to 30 in 1928).[48] The Thirty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2015 proposed to lower the presidential age limit to 21.[49] However, this proposal was rejected by 73% of the voters.

Japan

In Japan a person must be at least:[50]

Lithuania

In Lithuania a person must be at least:

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg a person must be at least 18-years-old to stand as a candidate to be a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's unicameral national legislature.[51]

Malaysia

See also: Parliament of Malaysia

In Malaysia a citizen shall be over 21 years of age to become a candidate and be elected to the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri, and a person shall be over 30 to be the Senator by constitution.

Mexico

In Mexico, a person must be at least 35 to be president, 25 to be a senator, or 21 to be a Congressional Deputy, as specified in the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, any adult 18 years of age or older can become elected in any public election. To be a candidate the person has to reach this age during the time for which the elections are held.

New Zealand

In New Zealand the minimum age to be Prime Minister of New Zealand is 18 years old. Citizens and permanent residents who are enrolled as an elector are eligible to be a candidate for election as a Member of Parliament.[citation needed]

Nigeria

In Nigeria, a person must be at least 35 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 35 to be a senator, 30 to be a State Governor, and 25 to be a Representative in parliament or Member of the States' House of Assembly.[52]

North Korea

In North Korea, any person eligible to vote in elections to the Supreme People's Assembly is also eligible to stand for candidacy. The age for both voting and candidacy is 17.[53]

Norway

In Norway, any adult, aged 18 or over within the calendar year, can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Palestine

Palestinian parliamentary candidates must be at least 28 years old, while the presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old.[54]

Pakistan

In Pakistan, a person must be at least 45 years old to be President. A person must be at least 25 years old to be a member of the provincial assembly or national assembly.[55]

Philippines

Ages of candidacy in the Philippines[56][57][58]
Type of candidate Minimum age
President and Vice President 40
Senator 35
Member of the House of Representatives 25
Member of the Bangsamoro Parliament 25
Provincial-level elected official 23
City-level elected official in Highly Urbanized Cities 23
Mayor or Vice Mayor of all other cities or municipalities 21
Member of Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan 18
Barangay-level elected official 18
Member of Sangguniang Kabataan 15-21

Poland

Ages of candidacy in Poland
Type of candidate Minimum age
President 35
Senator 30
Mayor/Wójt 25
Member of the Parliament/Poseł 21
Member of the European Parliament 21
Councillor 18

Portugal

Ages of candidacy in Portugal
Type of candidate Minimum age References
President 35 [59]
Parliament 18 [60]

Russia

In Russia a person must be at least 35 to run for president.[61]

Singapore

In Singapore a person must be at least 45 years old to run for president.[62] 21 year-olds can stand in parliamentary elections.

South Africa

Section 47, Clause 1 of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa states that "Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of the Assembly", defaulting to Section 46 which "provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years" in National Assembly elections; Sections 106 and 105 provide the same for provincial legislatures.

South Korea

Ages of candidacy in South Korea[63]
Type of candidate Minimum age
President 40
Member of Parliament, Member of Legislative Assembly, Councillor 18
Mayor 18
Governor 18

[64]

Spain

Spain has two legislative chambers of Parliament, a lower house and an upper house. These are the Congress of Deputies (lower house) and the Senate of Spain (upper house) respectively. The minimum age requirement to stand and to be elected to either house is 18 years of age.[65]

Sweden

In Sweden, any citizen at least 18 years old, who resides, or who has resided in the realm can be elected to parliament.[66] Citizens of Sweden, the European Union, Norway or Iceland aged 18 and over may be elected to county or municipal council. Citizens of other countries may also be elected to council, provided they have resided in the realm for at least three years.[67]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, any citizen aged 18 or over can become a candidate and be elected in any federal election.

Taiwan

In the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan), the minimum age of candidacy is 23, unless otherwise specified in the Constitution or any relevant laws.[68] The Civil Servants Election and Recall Act specifies that candidates for township, city, and indigenous district chiefs must be at least 26, and candidates for municipality, county, and city governors must be at least 30.[69] The minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 40.[70]

Tibet

The 14th Dalai Lama was enthroned at the age of 4, and none of his predecessors have been enthroned before age 4. The coming of age for the Dalai Lama is 18, when responsibilities are assumed.

Turkey

The 1876 constitution set the age for parliamentary elections as 30. This remained unchanged until 13 October 2006, when it was lowered to 25 through a constitutional amendment. In 2017, it was further lowered to 18, the same as the voting age.[71] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 40.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a person must be aged 18 or over to stand in elections to all parliaments, assemblies, and councils within the UK, devolved, or local level. This age requirement also applies in elections to any individual elective public office; the main example is that of an elected mayor, whether of London or a local authority. There are no higher age requirements for particular positions in public office. Candidates are required to be aged 18 on both the day of nomination and the day of the poll. This was reduced from 21 by the Electoral Administration Act 2006.

United States

Main article: Age of candidacy laws in the United States

In the United States, a person must be aged 35 or over to serve as president. To be a senator, a person must be aged 30 or over. To be a Representative, a person must be aged 25 or older. This is specified in the U.S. Constitution. Most states in the U.S. also have age requirements for the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative.[72] Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18).

Venezuela

In Venezuela, a person must be at least 30 to be President or Vice President,[73] 21 to be a deputy for the National Assembly[74] and 25 to be the Governor of a state.[75]

Comparison chart

Minimum age to be a candidate for the lower house by country.
  ≥30
  25–29
  21–24
  20
  18
  ≤17
  No data
  No legislature

Dashes indicate that the position or house does not exist in that particular country, such as countries that are unicameral.

Country President Vice President Prime Minister Upper house Lower house References
 Albania 40 18 - 18 [76][77][78]
 Algeria 40 40 28 [79][80]
 Andorra 18 18 - 18 [81][82]
 Angola 35 - - 35 [80]
 Argentina 30 30 - 30 25 [83][84][85][86]
 Armenia 40 - 25 - 25 [87][88]
 Australia - - 18 18 18 [80]
 Austria 35 - 18 18 18 [16][89][80]
 Azerbaijan 18 18 - 18 [90]
 Bahamas - - 21 30 21 [91]
 Bahrain - - 30 35 30 [92]
 Bangladesh 35 - 25 - 25 [93][94][95]
 Barbados - 21 21 21 [96]
 Belarus 35 - - 30 21 [97]
 Belgium - - 18 18 18 [98][99]
 Belize - - 18 18 18 [19]
 Benin 40 - - 25 [100][80]
 Bhutan - - 25 25 25 [101]
 Bolivia 30 30 - 18 18 [102]
 Botswana 30 30 - - 18 [103]
 Brazil 35 35 - 35 21 [20]
 Bulgaria 21 21 - 21 [104]
 Burundi 40 35 25 [105]
 Cabo Verde 35 - 18 [106][80]
 Cameroon 35 - 40 23 [107][80]
 Canada - - 30 18 [108]
 Central African Republic 35 - - - - [25]
 Chile 35 - 35 21 [109]
 China 45 45 - 18 [80]
 Colombia 30 30 - 30 25 [110][111]
 Comoros 35 - - 18 [112][80]
 Republic of the Congo 30 - 45 25 [80]
 Costa Rica 30 30 - - 21 [113]
 Côte d'Ivoire 35 - 23 [114][80]
 Croatia 18 - 18 [115][116][117]
 Cuba 35 35 35 - 18 [118]
 Cyprus 35 35 (indefinitely vacant) - 25 25 [119]
 Czech Republic 40 40 21 [30]
 Denmark - - 18 - 18 [120]
 Djibouti 40 - - 23 [121]
 Dominica 40 - 21 21 21 [122]
 Dominican Republic 30 30 - 25 21 [123]
 East Timor 35 - 17 [124][125]
 Ecuador 30 30 - - 18 [126]
 Egypt 40 40 35 35 25 [127][128]
 El Salvador 30 - - 25 [129]
 Equatorial Guinea 40 - - 25 [130][80]
 Estonia 40 - 21 [31]
 Ethiopia 21 21 [131]
 Fiji - 18 - 18 [132]
 Finland 18 - 18 - 18 [133][134][135]
 France 18 24 18 [80]
 Gambia 30 - - 21 [136]
 Georgia 40 - 18 - 25 [137]
 Germany 40 - 18 18 [138]
 Ghana 40 - - 21 [139]
 Greece 40 - 25 - 25 [140][32][141]
 Grenada - - 18 18 18 [142]
 Guatemala 40 40 18 18 [143]
 Guinea-Bissau 35 - - 21 [144][80]
 Guyana 18 18 18 - 18 [145]
 Hong Kong - - - 21 [citation needed]
 Honduras 30 30 - - 21 [146]
 Hungary 35 - - 18 [147][148]
 Iceland 35 - - 18 [149]
 India 35 35 25 30 25 [150]
 Indonesia 40 40 - 21 21
 Iran 21 - - 26 [38][80]
 Iraq 40 35 (never established) 28 [39][40][151]
 Ireland 35 - 30 21 [43][44][45][46][48]
 Israel - 30 - 21 [152]
 Italy 50 - 40 25 [153]
 Jamaica - - 21 21 21 [154]
 Japan - - 30 30 25 [50][155]
 Jordan - - 40 40 30 [156]
 Kazakhstan 40 - 30 25 [157]
 Kenya 18 18 - 18 18 [158][159]
 Kiribati 21 - - 21 [160]
 Kuwait - - 30 - 30 [161]
 Kyrgyzstan 35 - 21 - 21 [162]
 Kosovo 18 18 18 - 18 [163]
 Latvia 40 - - 21 [164]
 Lesotho - - 18 21 18 [165][80]
 Liberia 35 - 30 25 [166]
 Lithuania 40 - - 25 [167]
 Luxembourg - - - 18 [51]
 Malawi 35 35 - (never established) 21 [168]
 Malaysia - - 21 30 21 [169]
 Maldives 35 35 - - 18 [170]
 Malta - 18 [171][172]
 Marshall Islands 21 - - - 21 [173]
 Mauritania 40 - 35 25 [174]
 Mauritius 40 40 18 - 18 [175]
 Mexico 35 - - 25 21 [176]
 Micronesia 30 30 - - 30 [177]
 Moldova 40 - 18 [178][80]
 Mongolia 45 - - 25 [179]
 Montenegro 18 - 18 - 18 [180]
 Mozambique 35 - - 18 [181][80]
 Myanmar 45 30 (dissolved) 25 (dissolved) [182][183]
 Namibia 35 35 21 21 21 [184]
 Nauru 20 - - - 20 [185]
   Nepal 45 35 35 25 [186]
 Netherlands - - 18 18 18 [187]
 New Zealand - - 18 - 18 [188]
 Nicaragua 25 25 - - 21 [189]
 Nigeria 35 35 35 30 [190]
 North Korea - 17 [191][192]
 Norway - - 18 - 18 [193]
 Pakistan 45 - 25 30 25 [194]
 Palau 35 35 - 25 25 [195]
 Palestine 40 - - - 28 [80]
 Panama 35 35 - - 21 [196]
 Papua New Guinea - - - 25 [197]
 Paraguay 30 30 - 35 25 [198]
 Peru 35 35 - - 25 [199]
 Philippines 40 40 35 25 [200]
 Poland 35 - 30 21 [201]
 Portugal 35 - - 18 [202][203]
 Qatar - - - 30 [204]
 Romania 35 - 33 23 [205][206][207][208][209]
 Russia 35 - - 21 [61][210]
 Rwanda 35 - 40 21 [211][80]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis - - 21 21 21 [212]
 Saint Lucia - - 21 30 21 [213]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - - 21 21 21 [214]
 São Tomé and Príncipe 35 - - 18 [215][80]
 Senegal 35 - - 25 [216][80]
 Serbia - - 18 [217]
 Seychelles 18 18 - - 18 [218]
 Sierra Leone 40 - - 21 [219]
 Singapore 45 - 21 - 21 [220]
 Slovakia 40 - 21 - 21 [221]
 Solomon Islands - - 21 - 21 [222]
 South Africa 18 18 18 [223][80]
 South Korea 40 - - - 18 [64]
 Spain - - 18 18 [65]
 Sri Lanka 18 - 18 - 18 [224]
 Suriname 30 30 30 - 21 [225]
 Sweden - - 18 - 18 [226]
  Switzerland 18 18 18 18 18 [227]
 Taiwan 40 40 - - 23 [228]
 Tajikistan 30 - 30 30 [229]
 Tanzania 40 21 - 21 [230][231]
 Thailand - - 35 40 25 [232]
 Togo 35 - - 25 [233][80]
 Trinidad and Tobago 35 - 18 25 18 [234][80]
 Tunisia 35 - - 23 [235]
 Turkey 40 40 - - 18 [236]
 Tuvalu - - 21 - 21 [237]
 Uganda 18 18 18 - 18 [238]
 Ukraine 35 - - 21 [239]
 United Kingdom - - 18 21 18 [240]
 United States 35 35 - 30 25 [241]
 Uruguay 35 - 30 25 [242][243][244]
 Uzbekistan 35 - 25 25 [245]
 Vanuatu 25 - 25 - 25 [246]
 Venezuela 30 30 - - 21 [247]
 Vietnam 21 21 21 - 21 [248][249]
 Zambia 35 35 - - 21 [250][251][252]
 Zimbabwe - - - 40 21 [253][254]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Broughton, Thomas; Marcia Patterson (1951). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. American Philological Association. p. 388.
  2. ^ "BYC Youth Manifesto" (PDF). British Youth Council. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2008. Young people believe that the age to stand as candidates for local, regional, national and European elections should be 16, as should the age to become a trustee of a charity. Young people have significant responsibilities to society at the age of 16 and can have significant responsibilities in the private sector as company directors; this inconsistency should be rectified. Young people have lots to offer and the decision of their appointment to positions of political authority or governance of organisations should be in the hands of the electorate or membership respectfully.
  3. ^ "Unsworn Senators". Time (14 January 1935).
  4. ^ Battle, Dick; Tom Flake (5 January 1955). "Senate Vote Ousts Fulton". Nashville Banner.
  5. ^ "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  6. ^ O'Brian, Jack (11 January 1969). "Senate To Have Ineligible Man". Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, SC. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  7. ^ Freeman, Jo (2008). We Will Be Heard: Women's Struggles for Political Power in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. Only 31, Linda Jenness did not meet the Constitutional age requirement to hold the office of President, but the SWP was on the ballot in 25 states — six more than in 1968.
  8. ^ "1972 Presidential General Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  9. ^ "Presidency 2004". Politics1.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007. Since they weren't going to be elected anyways, the Socialist Workers Party didn't care that they nominated a ticket entirely ineligible to be elected. Why? Because Róger Calero is both foreign born and also not a US citizen; and Arrin Hawkins is too young. To avoid ballot access problems for the SWP, as the constitutional ineligibility may also render them unable to be listed on the ballot in some states, the 2000 SWP ticket of James Harris for President and Margaret Trowe for Vice President are being used in states that will not permit the Calero-Hawkins slate to be listed.
  10. ^ "South Dakota Age Qualifications for Elected Officials, Amendment H (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  11. ^ "How old is old enough?" (PDF) (Press release). British Youth Council. October 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2008. BYC believes that at the age of 18 a person may hold elected office. A candidate's breadth of life experience is something that can be evaluated by the electorate... BYC strongly believes that the age of voting should be lowered to 16 and candidacy age should be lowered to 18...
  12. ^ "The Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2006", article 3 and Schedule 1(14)(d).
  13. ^ "Electoral Administration Act 2006 (c. 22) Part 5". Office of Public Sector Information. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008.
  14. ^ "General Comment Adopted by the Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". OHCHR. 27 August 1996. Archived from the original on Oct 30, 2023.
  15. ^ Lumb, Martin (2 October 2013). "The 43rd Parliament: traits and trends". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  16. ^ a b 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, ss. 2 and 6, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 1 July 2007.
  17. ^ Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz - Federal Constitutional Law 1920, 1929 version Archived 13 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 3 February 2007.
  18. ^ Toharudin, Toni (2010). "Individualism, nationalism, ethnocentrism, and authoritarianism: Evidence from Flanders by means of structural equation modeling" (PDF). University of Groningen/UMCG research database. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  19. ^ a b Laws of Belize, Volume II, Title VIII, Chapter 88, Part III. "Any person shall be eligible to be elected as a member of a council who: is a citizen of Belize; and has ordinarily resided in the village for at least one year immediately preceding the election; and is at least eighteen years old."
  20. ^ a b Brazilian Constitution (in Portuguese)
  21. ^ "How to Become a Candidate". www.elections.ca. 21 September 2021.
  22. ^ Office, Privy Council (7 July 2016). "Assessment Criteria". aem. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  23. ^ "PC Sam Oosterhoff wins Niagara West riding which had average candidate age of 21 | Globalnews.ca".
  24. ^ Curry, Bill (4 May 2011). "Meet Canada's youngest MP in history". The Globe and Mail.
  25. ^ a b Central African Republic's Constitution of 2016, William S. Hein & Co., English translation, translated by Maria del Carmen Gress, 2017.
  26. ^ "Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". leychile.cl. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  27. ^ Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Section 2, Article 79.
  28. ^ "National People's Congress". www.china.org.cn.
  29. ^ "Μειώθηκε το όριο ηλικίας για το αξίωμα του βουλευτή". Philenews (in Greek). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  30. ^ a b "Průvodce Poslaneckou sněmovnou". www.psp.cz.
  31. ^ a b "Constitution of the Republic of Estonia". Archived from the original on 13 April 2009.
  32. ^ a b GREECE Vouli Ton Ellinon (Hellenic Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  33. ^ Legislative Council Ordinance (Cap. 542) § 37(1)(a)
  34. ^ District Councils Ordinance (Cap. 547) § 20(1)(a)
  35. ^ Articles 44 and 71(2) of The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
  36. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Iceland". www.government.is. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  37. ^ "Age of Candidacy". Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  38. ^ a b Piven, Ben; Ben Willers (11 June 2013). "Infographic: Choosing Iran's next president". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  39. ^ a b Constitution of Iraq, Article 68
  40. ^ a b Constitution of Iraq, Article 77
  41. ^ Law No. 45 of 2013 on Election of the Council of Representatives, Article 8 (a)
  42. ^ Law No.X of 2019 The Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law, article 8(1)
  43. ^ a b Constitution of Ireland Article 12.4.1° (President) Article 16.1.1° (Dáil Éireann), Article 18.2 (Seanad Éireann)
  44. ^ a b c d "Children and rights in Ireland". p. Elections. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  45. ^ a b "European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Section 11". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  46. ^ a b "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1973, Section 4". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  47. ^ "Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act, 1922, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 14. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  48. ^ a b Constitution of the Irish Free State, Article 31; "Constitution (Amendment No. 8) Act, 1928, Section 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  49. ^ "Referendum 2015: Home". Dublin: Referendum Commission. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  50. ^ a b "公職選挙法". Ministry of Justice (Japan). Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  51. ^ a b "Luxembourg". Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  52. ^ Goitom, Hanibal (2012). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  53. ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2. pp. 399–400. ISBN 0-19-924959-8.
  54. ^ "General Election Laws". www.elections.ps. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  55. ^ "Chapter 2: "Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"". www.pakistani.org. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  56. ^ "The 1987 Consitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
  57. ^ "Local Government Code of 1991" (PDF). Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
  58. ^ "Organic Law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Official Gazette. Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
  59. ^ "O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República". Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  60. ^ Comissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal). "Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura". Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  61. ^ a b The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis, Henderson, Jane
  62. ^ Constitution, Art. 19(2)(b).
  63. ^ "Assembly passes bill on lowering age of candidacy for parliament to 18". 31 December 2021.
  64. ^ a b "국가법령정보센터". www.law.go.kr.
  65. ^ a b Spain. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  66. ^ Instrument of Government, section 3, 4 §.
  67. ^ SFS (2017:725)
  68. ^ Article XII, Clause 130 of the Constitution of the Republic of China (1947)
  69. ^ Civil Servants Election and Recall Act (24). Ministry of the Interior. 15 December 2021.
  70. ^ Article IV, Clause 45 of the Constitution of the Republic of China (1947)
  71. ^ "18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni". Evrensel.net (in Turkish). 10 January 2017.
  72. ^ "Age of Candidacy Law & Legal Definition". USLegal.com. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  73. ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter II, Article 227
  74. ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter I, Article 188, Section 2
  75. ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 4, Chapter III, Article 160
  76. ^ "Albania - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  77. ^ "ALBANIA - Kuvendi (Parliament)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  78. ^ "Albania 1998 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  79. ^ "Algeria 2020 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  80. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Factsheets | Youthpolicy.org". www.youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 2023-12-31.
  81. ^ "Andorra - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 21 April 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  82. ^ "ANDORRA". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Argentina - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  84. ^ "ARGENTINA - Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  85. ^ "ARGENTINA - Senado (Senate)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  86. ^ "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  87. ^ "National Assembly of Armenia | Official Web Site | parliament.am". www.parliament.am. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  88. ^ "Election Code of Armenia" (in Armenian).
  89. ^ "Austria 1920 (reinst. 1945, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  90. ^ "Azerbaijan 1995 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  91. ^ "Bahamas (The) 1973 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  92. ^ "Bahrain 2002 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  93. ^ "Bangladesh - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  94. ^ "BANGLADESH - Jatiya Sangsad (Parliament)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  95. ^ "Bangladesh 1972 (reinst. 1986, rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  96. ^ "Barbados 1966 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  97. ^ "Belarus 1994 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  98. ^ Grondwet van België Articles 64 & 69.
  99. ^ "Belgium 1831 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  100. ^ "Benin 1990 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  101. ^ "Bhutan 2008 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  102. ^ "Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2009 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  103. ^ "Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  104. ^ "Bulgaria 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  105. ^ "Burundi 2018 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  106. ^ "Cape Verde 1980 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  107. ^ "Cameroon 1972 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  108. ^ "Canada 1867 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  109. ^ "Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". leychile.cl. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  110. ^ "Colombia - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  111. ^ "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  112. ^ "Comoros 2018 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  113. ^ "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  114. ^ "Côte d'Ivoire 2016 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  115. ^ The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  116. ^ CROATIA Hrvatski Sabor (Croatian Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  117. ^ Voting in Croatia. Expat in Croatia. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  118. ^ "Cuba 2019 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  119. ^ "Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  120. ^ "Denmark 1953 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  121. ^ "Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  122. ^ "Dominica 1978 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  123. ^ "Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  124. ^ "Youth Policy". youthpolicy.org.
  125. ^ "Timor-Leste 2002 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  126. ^ "Ecuador 2008 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  127. ^ "Egypt - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  128. ^ "Egypt 2014 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  129. ^ "El Salvador 1983 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  130. ^ "Equatorial Guinea 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  131. ^ "Ethiopia - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  132. ^ "Fiji 2013 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  133. ^ "Finland". Youthpolicy.org. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  134. ^ "Elections and voting in Finland". infoFinland.fi. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  135. ^ Reidy, Theresa (5 February 2015). "Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President". The Irish Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  136. ^ "Gambia (The) 1996 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  137. ^ "Georgia 1995 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  138. ^ Landtagswahlgesetz - LWG I. Allgemeines - § 4 Wählbarkeit. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  139. ^ "Ghana 1992 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  140. ^ Greece. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  141. ^ "Greece 1975 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  142. ^ "Grenada 1973 (reinst. 1991, rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  143. ^ "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  144. ^ "Guinea-Bissau 1984 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  145. ^ "Guyana 1980 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  146. ^ "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  147. ^ "Hungary - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  148. ^ "HUNGARY - Orszaggyules (National Assembly)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  149. ^ "Iceland 1944 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  150. ^ "India 1949 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  151. ^ Iraqi Election Law 2019, Article 8(1)
  152. ^ "Israel 1958 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  153. ^ "Italy 1947 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  154. ^ "Jamaica 1962 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  155. ^ "Japan 1946 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  156. ^ "Jordan 1952 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  157. ^ "Kazakhstan 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  158. ^ "Kenya - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  159. ^ "Kenya 2010 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  160. ^ "Kiribati 1979 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  161. ^ "Kuwait 1962 (reinst. 1992) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  162. ^ "Kyrgyzstan 2010 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  163. ^ Kosovo. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  164. ^ "Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  165. ^ "Lesotho 1993 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  166. ^ "Liberia 1986 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  167. ^ "Lithuania 1992 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  168. ^ "Malawi 1994 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  169. ^ "Malaysia 1957 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  170. ^ "Maldives 2008 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  171. ^ "Malta - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 12 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  172. ^ "MALTA - Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati (House of Representatives)". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  173. ^ "Marshall Islands 1979 (rev. 1995) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  174. ^ "Mauritania 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  175. ^ "Mauritius 1968 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  176. ^ "Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  177. ^ "Micronesia (Federated States of) 1978 (rev. 1990) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  178. ^ "Moldova (Republic of) 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  179. ^ "Mongolia 1992 (rev. 2001) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  180. ^ "Montenegro 2007 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  181. ^ "Mozambique 2004 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  182. ^ "Myanmar - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  183. ^ "Myanmar 2008 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  184. ^ "Namibia 1990 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  185. ^ "Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  186. ^ "Nepal 2015 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  187. ^ Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en. "Kieswet". wetten.overheid.nl.
  188. ^ "New Zealand 1852 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  189. ^ "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  190. ^ "Nigeria 1999 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  191. ^ "Youth Policy". youthpolicy.org.
  192. ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2. pp. 399–400. ISBN 0-19-924959-8.
  193. ^ "Norway 1814 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  194. ^ "Pakistan 1973 (reinst. 2002, rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  195. ^ "Palau 1981 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  196. ^ "Panama 1972 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  197. ^ "Papua New Guinea 1975 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  198. ^ "Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  199. ^ "Peru 1993 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  200. ^ "Philippines 1987 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  201. ^ "Poland 1997 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  202. ^ "O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República". Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  203. ^ Cmoissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal). "Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura". Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  204. ^ "Qatar 2003 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  205. ^ "Romania Parliamentary Elections 9 December 2012 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report". Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  206. ^ "Romania". youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  207. ^ "Standing as a candidate". European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  208. ^ "Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President". The Irish Times. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  209. ^ "Romania 1991 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  210. ^ "Russia - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  211. ^ "Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  212. ^ "Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  213. ^ "Saint Lucia 1978 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  214. ^ "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  215. ^ "Sao Tome and Principe 1975 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  216. ^ "Senegal 2001 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  217. ^ Serbia. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  218. ^ "Seychelles 1993 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  219. ^ "Sierra Leone 1991 (reinst. 1996, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  220. ^ "Singapore 1963 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  221. ^ "Slovakia 1992 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  222. ^ "Solomon Islands 1978 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  223. ^ "South Africa 1996 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  224. ^ "Sri Lanka 1978 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  225. ^ "Suriname 1987 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  226. ^ SWEDEN Riksdagen (Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  227. ^ "Switzerland 1999 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  228. ^ "Taiwan (Republic of China) 1947 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  229. ^ "Tajikistan 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  230. ^ "Tanzania - Definition of Youth". youthpolicy.org. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  231. ^ "Tanzania (United Republic of) 1977 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  232. ^ "Thailand 2017 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  233. ^ "Togo 1992 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  234. ^ "Trinidad and Tobago 1976 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  235. ^ "Tunisia 2014 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  236. ^ "18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni". Evrensel.net (in Turkish). 10 January 2017.
  237. ^ "Tuvalu 1986 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  238. ^ "Uganda 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  239. ^ "Ukraine 1996 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  240. ^ "How can I stand in an election?". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  241. ^ "Age of Candidacy Law & Legal Definition". USLegal.com. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  242. ^ "Uruguay". Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  243. ^ "URUGUAY Cámara de Representantes (House of Representatives)". INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  244. ^ "Uruguay 1966 (reinst. 1985, rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  245. ^ "Uzbekistan 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  246. ^ "Vanuatu 1980 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  247. ^ "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  248. ^ "Luật Bầu cử đại biểu Quốc hội và đại biểu Hội đồng nhân dân 2015". thuvienphapluat.vn. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  249. ^ "Viet Nam 1992 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  250. ^ "Zambia - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  251. ^ "ZAMBIA - National Assembly". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  252. ^ "Zambia 1991 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  253. ^ "Zimbabwe - Definition of Youth". Youthpolicy.org. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  254. ^ "ZIMBABWE". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_of_candidacy&oldid=1207752626"