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Coordinates: 11°35′24″N 43°05′42″E / 11.590°N 43.095°E / 11.590; 43.095
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{{Short description|Shipping terminal in Djibouti City, Djibouti}}
{{Short description|Shipping terminal in Djibouti City, Djibouti}}

{{Copy edit|date=April 2024}}


{{Infobox port
{{Infobox port
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The '''Port of Doraleh''' is an extension of the [[Port of Djibouti]], located 5&nbsp;km west of [[Djibouti City]]. The multipurpose port has terminals for handling oil, bulk cargo, containers and livestock. It was partially owned and operated by [[DP World]] and [[China Merchants Port|China Merchants Holdings]], until its [[Doraleh Container Terminal|container facility]] was [[Doraleh Container Terminal#Nationalization|seized by the government of Djibouti]] in February 2018.<ref name="portstrat220218">{{cite news|title=DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL|url=http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/world/africa/dp-world-anger-as-djibouti-seizes-doraleh-terminal|accessdate=24 February 2018|publisher=Port Strategy|date=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="DP-World">{{cite web |author=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |title=DP World – Doraleh |publisher=DP World – Doraleh |accessdate=26 June 2016 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=China Merchants buys control of Djibouti's Red Sea container terminal|url=http://www.infinitycargo.com/index.php/en/careers/104-news-and-events/news/641-china-merchants-buys-control-of-djiboutis-red-sea-container-terminal|work=Infinity Cargo Express|date=2014}}</ref> There is a [[Chinese naval base in Djibouti|Chinese naval base]] directly adjacent to the port. China’s first overseas military base is in close proximity to the port.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}</ref>
The '''Port of Doraleh''' is an extension of the [[Port of Djibouti]], located 5&nbsp;km west of [[Djibouti City]]. The multipurpose port has terminals for handling oil, bulk cargo, containers and livestock. It was partially owned and operated by [[DP World]] and [[China Merchants Port|China Merchants Holdings]], until its [[Doraleh Container Terminal|container facility]] was [[Doraleh Container Terminal#Nationalization|seized by the government of Djibouti]] in February 2018.<ref name="portstrat220218">{{cite news|title=DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL|url=http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/world/africa/dp-world-anger-as-djibouti-seizes-doraleh-terminal|accessdate=24 February 2018|publisher=Port Strategy|date=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="DP-World">{{cite web |author=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |title=DP World – Doraleh |publisher=DP World – Doraleh |accessdate=26 June 2016 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=China Merchants buys control of Djibouti's Red Sea container terminal|url=http://www.infinitycargo.com/index.php/en/careers/104-news-and-events/news/641-china-merchants-buys-control-of-djiboutis-red-sea-container-terminal|work=Infinity Cargo Express|date=2014}}</ref> There is a [[Chinese naval base in Djibouti|Chinese naval base]] directly adjacent to the port. China’s first overseas military base is near the port.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}</ref>


==Operations==
==Operations==
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==== Livestock terminal ====
==== Livestock terminal ====
The [[livestock]] terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port was inaugurated in January 2021 in partnership with Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-17|title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Horn Diplomat|language=en-US}}</ref> The facility has a capacity to handle 2.5 million animals per year, or 1,000 heads of camel, 500 heads of cattle and 4,270 heads of goat or sheep per day. The terminal also includes resting areas and [[quarantine]] services for the livestock before being shipped on.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port|url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
The [[livestock]] terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port was inaugurated in January 2021 in partnership with Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-17|title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Horn Diplomat|language=en-US}}</ref> The facility can handle 2.5 million animals per year, or 1,000 heads of camel, 500 heads of cattle and 4,270 heads of goat or sheep per day. The terminal also includes resting areas and [[quarantine]] services for the livestock before being shipped on.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port|url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com|language=en-US}}</ref>


===Container terminal===
===Container terminal===
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The ''Société De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; formerly Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' was built in 2009 by the Dubai shipping company [[DP World]] after securing a 30-year contract by Djibouti in 2006.<ref name="portstrat2202184">{{cite news|date=23 February 2018|title=DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL|publisher=Port Strategy|url=http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/world/africa/dp-world-anger-as-djibouti-seizes-doraleh-terminal|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="apgambrell2">{{cite news|last1=Gambrell|first1=Jon|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti seizes control of DP World's container terminal|work=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/djibouti-seizes-control-dp-worlds-container-terminal-53296211|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="afpdhaka2">{{cite news|date=24 February 2018|title=Dubai accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing key Africa port|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/africa/2018/02/24/dubai-accuses-djibouti-illegally-seizing-key-africa-port/|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="styan">{{cite journal|last1=Styan|first1=David|date=2016|title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf|journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal|volume=1|issue=1|pages=79–91|doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316|s2cid=133045969}}</ref> The contract was one of a number of others won by DP World in the region, including one in Berbera, Somaliland.<ref name="afpdhaka2"/>
The ''Société De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; formerly Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' was built in 2009 by the Dubai shipping company [[DP World]] after securing a 30-year contract by Djibouti in 2006.<ref name="portstrat2202184">{{cite news|date=23 February 2018|title=DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL|publisher=Port Strategy|url=http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/world/africa/dp-world-anger-as-djibouti-seizes-doraleh-terminal|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="apgambrell2">{{cite news|last1=Gambrell|first1=Jon|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti seizes control of DP World's container terminal|work=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/djibouti-seizes-control-dp-worlds-container-terminal-53296211|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="afpdhaka2">{{cite news|date=24 February 2018|title=Dubai accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing key Africa port|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/africa/2018/02/24/dubai-accuses-djibouti-illegally-seizing-key-africa-port/|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="styan">{{cite journal|last1=Styan|first1=David|date=2016|title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf|journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal|volume=1|issue=1|pages=79–91|doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316|s2cid=133045969}}</ref> The contract was one of a number of others won by DP World in the region, including one in Berbera, Somaliland.<ref name="afpdhaka2"/>


The SGTD's quay is 1050 meters with 18 meters depth, and can hold 1.25 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]]. The facility also operates eight [[Container crane#Super-post-Panamax|Super-post-Panamax]] container cranes.<ref name="portstrat2202184"/> An ENOC petroeum terminal is located adjacent to the SGTD.<ref name="styan2">{{cite journal|last1=Styan|first1=David|date=2016|title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf|journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal|volume=1|issue=1|pages=79–91|doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316|s2cid=133045969}}</ref> The terminal is the largest employer in Djibouti and its largest source of revenue.<ref name="amship2">{{cite news|last1=Dupin|first1=Chris|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal|publisher=American Shipper|url=https://www.americanshipper.com/main/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal--70687.aspx?source=Little4|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>
The SGTD's quay is 1050 meters with 18 meters depth and can hold 1.25 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]]. The facility also operates eight [[Container crane#Super-post-Panamax|Super-post-Panamax]] container cranes.<ref name="portstrat2202184"/> An ENOC petroleum terminal is located adjacent to the SGTD.<ref name="styan2">{{cite journal|last1=Styan|first1=David|date=2016|title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf|journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal|volume=1|issue=1|pages=79–91|doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316|s2cid=133045969}}</ref> The terminal is the largest employer in Djibouti and its largest source of revenue.<ref name="amship2">{{cite news|last1=Dupin|first1=Chris|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal|publisher=American Shipper|url=https://www.americanshipper.com/main/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal--70687.aspx?source=Little4|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>


In March 2011, the American National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) installed radiation detection equipment at the Port of Djibouti, including the container terminal, which allows scanning cargo containers for dangerous nuclear and other radioactive materials.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm|url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.legistorm.com|language=en}}</ref> The equipment was part of a joint project between the NNSA and the Djiboutian Ministry of Equipment and Transport that started in 2009.<ref name=":1" />
In March 2011, the American National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) installed radiation detection equipment at the Port of Djibouti, including the container terminal, which allows scanning cargo containers for dangerous nuclear and other radioactive materials.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm|url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.legistorm.com|language=en}}</ref> The equipment was part of a joint project between the NNSA and the Djiboutian Ministry of Equipment and Transport that started in 2009.<ref name=":1" />
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In 2014, the Djibouti government accused DP World of bribing the head of the port authority, Abdourahman Boreh, and stated that the operating contract was unfair.<ref name="apgambrell2"/> A London commercial court cleared Boreh of misconduct in 2016.<ref name="apgambrell2" />
In 2014, the Djibouti government accused DP World of bribing the head of the port authority, Abdourahman Boreh, and stated that the operating contract was unfair.<ref name="apgambrell2"/> A London commercial court cleared Boreh of misconduct in 2016.<ref name="apgambrell2" />


In November 2017, Djibouti passed legislation allowing it to renegotiate contracts related to strategic infrastructure.<ref name="afpdhaka2"/> In February 2018, on the order of president [[Ismaïl Omar Guelleh]],<ref name="amship2"/> the Djibouti government seized the facility and placed it under the control of the government-owned Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company, arguing that the DP World contract violated Djibouti's sovereignty.<ref name="aj23022018">{{cite news|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti seizes control of Dubai-run Doraleh port|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/djibouti-seizes-control-dubai-run-dolareh-port-180223200900708.html|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> In response, DP world began a new arbitration case in London against the termination of their 30 year contract to manage the port, to secure "compensation for their breach or expropriation."<ref name="portstrat2202184"/> The Djibouti government stated it would engage in "normal compensation procedures" to pay for the nationalization.<ref name="ftkerr">{{cite news|last1=Kerr|first1=Simeon|last2=Aglionby|first2=John|date=23 February 2018|title=DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal|publisher=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/de2d4d88-1867-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>
In November 2017, Djibouti passed legislation allowing it to renegotiate contracts related to strategic infrastructure.<ref name="afpdhaka2"/> In February 2018, on the order of president [[Ismaïl Omar Guelleh]],<ref name="amship2"/> the Djibouti government seized the facility and placed it under the control of the government-owned Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company, arguing that the DP World contract violated Djibouti's sovereignty.<ref name="aj23022018">{{cite news|date=23 February 2018|title=Djibouti seizes control of Dubai-run Doraleh port|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/djibouti-seizes-control-dubai-run-dolareh-port-180223200900708.html|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> In response, DP world began a new arbitration case in London against the termination of their 30-year contract to manage the port, to secure "compensation for their breach or expropriation."<ref name="portstrat2202184"/> The Djibouti government stated it would engage in "normal compensation procedures" to pay for the nationalization.<ref name="ftkerr">{{cite news|last1=Kerr|first1=Simeon|last2=Aglionby|first2=John|date=23 February 2018|title=DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal|publisher=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/de2d4d88-1867-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>


The nationalization took place as the [[United Arab Emirates]] expanded its influence around the Red Sea and East Africa.<ref name="apgambrell2" /> At the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and located next to the [[Bab el-Mandeb]] strait, Djibouti occupies a strategic position, and hosts US, Chinese, French and Italian military bases.<ref name="amship2" /><ref name="apgambrell2" /><ref name="afpdhaka2" /> According to Al-Jazeera, relations between the UAE-based company and Djibouti were strained after Djibouti denied the UAE permission to build a military base on its territory.<ref name="aj23022018" /> After seizing the port from DP World, Djibouti’s government offered China Merchants Ports Holdings (via its subsidiary [[China Merchants Group]]) a quarter of the port's stake, in what some analysts have suggested "could represent a payment in-kind on debt owed to China and affiliated state firms."<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2019|title=China's Engagement in Djibouti|url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf|website=Congressional Research Service}}</ref>
The nationalization took place as the [[United Arab Emirates]] expanded its influence around the Red Sea and East Africa.<ref name="apgambrell2" /> At the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and located next to the [[Bab el-Mandeb]] strait, Djibouti occupies a strategic position and hosts US, Chinese, French and Italian military bases.<ref name="amship2" /><ref name="apgambrell2" /><ref name="afpdhaka2" /> According to Al-Jazeera, relations between the UAE-based company and Djibouti were strained after Djibouti denied the UAE permission to build a military base on its territory.<ref name="aj23022018" /> After seizing the port from DP World, Djibouti’s government offered China Merchants Ports Holdings (via its subsidiary [[China Merchants Group]]) a quarter of the port's stake, in what some analysts have suggested "could represent a payment-in-kind on debt owed to China and affiliated state firms."<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2019|title=China's Engagement in Djibouti|url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf|website=Congressional Research Service}}</ref>


In 2017, a tribunal at the [[London Court of International Arbitration]] ruled against the Djibouti government claim that DP World's agreement was unfair, and ordered the government to pay DP World damages.<ref name="portstrat2202184" />
In 2017, a tribunal at the [[London Court of International Arbitration]] ruled against the Djibouti government's claim that DP World's agreement was unfair, and ordered the government to pay DP World damages.<ref name="portstrat2202184" />


In 2018 the [[High Court of Justice|London High Court]] prohibited Djibouti government's port company from interfering with the management of DCT. As per the ruling, the Djibouti government "shall not act as if the joint venture agreement with DP World has been terminated".<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture|url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/|access-date=|website=}}</ref> As of January 2021, seven legal rulings by London courts were won by DP World, with a ruling in July that year "confirming the unlawfulness of Djibouti’s move to terminate its joint venture agreement and transfer its shares to the state."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Offshore Energy|language=en-US}}</ref> A previous ruling in January 2020 had demanded of Djibouti to pay $533 million in compensation to DP World.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dudley|first=Dominic|title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> An independent analysis has estimated DP World losses to be more than $1 billion. According to DP World, all rulings have been ignored by Djibouti despite the original contract for the concession being governed by [[English law]].<ref name="ab">{{cite news|date=14 January 2020|title=DP World wins sixth ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute|publisher=Arabian Business|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/transport/437554-dp-world-wins-sixth-legal-ruling-in-1bn-djibouti-port-dispute}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 January 2020|title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/#740e9f9e3410}}</ref>
In 2018 the [[High Court of Justice|London High Court]] prohibited the Djibouti government's port company from interfering with the management of DCT. As per the ruling, the Djibouti government "shall not act as if the joint venture agreement with DP World has been terminated".<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture|url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/|access-date=|website=}}</ref> As of January 2021, seven legal rulings by London courts were won by DP World, with a ruling in July that year "confirming the unlawfulness of Djibouti’s move to terminate its joint venture agreement and transfer its shares to the state."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Offshore Energy|language=en-US}}</ref> A previous ruling in January 2020 had demanded of Djibouti to pay $533 million in compensation to DP World.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dudley|first=Dominic|title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> An independent analysis has estimated DP World losses to be more than $1 billion. According to DP World, all rulings have been ignored by Djibouti despite the original contract for the concession being governed by [[English law]].<ref name="ab">{{cite news|date=14 January 2020|title=DP World wins sixth ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute|publisher=Arabian Business|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/transport/437554-dp-world-wins-sixth-legal-ruling-in-1bn-djibouti-port-dispute}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 January 2020|title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/#740e9f9e3410}}</ref>


In September 2022, DP World won another ruling at the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, which dismissed the latest request by China Merchants Port Holdings. DP World and joint venture company Doraleh Container Terminal are bringing multi-billion dollar claims against China Merchants, alleging that it induced the government of Djibouti to expel DP World from the country and hand over the Doraleh terminal to China Merchants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}</ref>
In September 2022, DP World won another ruling at the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, which dismissed the latest request by China Merchants Port Holdings. DP World and joint venture company Doraleh Container Terminal are bringing multi-billion dollar claims against China Merchants, alleging that it induced the government of Djibouti to expel DP World from the country and hand over the Doraleh terminal to China Merchants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:52, 28 May 2024

Port of Doraleh
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Location
CountryDjibouti
LocationBalbala
Coordinates11°35′24″N 43°05′42″E / 11.590°N 43.095°E / 11.590; 43.095[1]
UN/LOCODEDJDCT[1]
Details
Owned byChina Merchants Group, DP World
No. of berths15

The Port of Doraleh is an extension of the Port of Djibouti, located 5 km west of Djibouti City. The multipurpose port has terminals for handling oil, bulk cargo, containers and livestock. It was partially owned and operated by DP World and China Merchants Holdings, until its container facility was seized by the government of Djibouti in February 2018.[2][3][4] There is a Chinese naval base directly adjacent to the port. China’s first overseas military base is near the port.[5]

Operations

Doraleh Multipurpose Port

The Doraleh Multipurpose Port (DMP) has a total of 15 berths over a 4 km long quay. One of the berths is reserved for the use of the Chinese Navy, which has a base on the western edge of the port.[6][7] All of the terminals have direct access to the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway, which provides landlocked Ethiopia with railroad access to the sea.[8]

The port is called by major shipping services in the region, including:[9]

  • OCEAN Alliance Red Sea Express 2
  • Maersk Line Horn of Africa
  • Maersk Line MECL
  • MSC Australia Express
  • CMA CGM and Hapag-Lloyd EPIC1/IPAK
  • CMA CGM Mona Express
  • CMA CGM and Emirates Swahili Express
  • CMA CGM and COSCO India Middle East Mediterranean Express
  • PIL Red Sea Gulf Service
  • COSCO and Yang Ming Red Sea Express

Livestock terminal

The livestock terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port was inaugurated in January 2021 in partnership with Ethiopia.[10] The facility can handle 2.5 million animals per year, or 1,000 heads of camel, 500 heads of cattle and 4,270 heads of goat or sheep per day. The terminal also includes resting areas and quarantine services for the livestock before being shipped on.[11]

Container terminal

The container terminal at the Port of Djibouti.

The Société De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; formerly Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT)) was built in 2009 by the Dubai shipping company DP World after securing a 30-year contract by Djibouti in 2006.[12][13][14][15] The contract was one of a number of others won by DP World in the region, including one in Berbera, Somaliland.[14]

The SGTD's quay is 1050 meters with 18 meters depth and can hold 1.25 million TEU. The facility also operates eight Super-post-Panamax container cranes.[12] An ENOC petroleum terminal is located adjacent to the SGTD.[16] The terminal is the largest employer in Djibouti and its largest source of revenue.[17]

In March 2011, the American National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) installed radiation detection equipment at the Port of Djibouti, including the container terminal, which allows scanning cargo containers for dangerous nuclear and other radioactive materials.[18] The equipment was part of a joint project between the NNSA and the Djiboutian Ministry of Equipment and Transport that started in 2009.[18]

As of 2015, the SGTD was described as the most technologically advanced container terminal on the African continent.[19]

In 2016, 914,300 containers passed through the port of Doraleh.[20]

Djibouti–DP World conflict

In 2014, the Djibouti government accused DP World of bribing the head of the port authority, Abdourahman Boreh, and stated that the operating contract was unfair.[13] A London commercial court cleared Boreh of misconduct in 2016.[13]

In November 2017, Djibouti passed legislation allowing it to renegotiate contracts related to strategic infrastructure.[14] In February 2018, on the order of president Ismaïl Omar Guelleh,[17] the Djibouti government seized the facility and placed it under the control of the government-owned Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company, arguing that the DP World contract violated Djibouti's sovereignty.[21] In response, DP world began a new arbitration case in London against the termination of their 30-year contract to manage the port, to secure "compensation for their breach or expropriation."[12] The Djibouti government stated it would engage in "normal compensation procedures" to pay for the nationalization.[22]

The nationalization took place as the United Arab Emirates expanded its influence around the Red Sea and East Africa.[13] At the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and located next to the Bab el-Mandeb strait, Djibouti occupies a strategic position and hosts US, Chinese, French and Italian military bases.[17][13][14] According to Al-Jazeera, relations between the UAE-based company and Djibouti were strained after Djibouti denied the UAE permission to build a military base on its territory.[21] After seizing the port from DP World, Djibouti’s government offered China Merchants Ports Holdings (via its subsidiary China Merchants Group) a quarter of the port's stake, in what some analysts have suggested "could represent a payment-in-kind on debt owed to China and affiliated state firms."[23]

In 2017, a tribunal at the London Court of International Arbitration ruled against the Djibouti government's claim that DP World's agreement was unfair, and ordered the government to pay DP World damages.[12]

In 2018 the London High Court prohibited the Djibouti government's port company from interfering with the management of DCT. As per the ruling, the Djibouti government "shall not act as if the joint venture agreement with DP World has been terminated".[24] As of January 2021, seven legal rulings by London courts were won by DP World, with a ruling in July that year "confirming the unlawfulness of Djibouti’s move to terminate its joint venture agreement and transfer its shares to the state."[25] A previous ruling in January 2020 had demanded of Djibouti to pay $533 million in compensation to DP World.[26] An independent analysis has estimated DP World losses to be more than $1 billion. According to DP World, all rulings have been ignored by Djibouti despite the original contract for the concession being governed by English law.[27][28]

In September 2022, DP World won another ruling at the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, which dismissed the latest request by China Merchants Port Holdings. DP World and joint venture company Doraleh Container Terminal are bringing multi-billion dollar claims against China Merchants, alleging that it induced the government of Djibouti to expel DP World from the country and hand over the Doraleh terminal to China Merchants.[29]

Oil terminal

The oil complex is designed to accommodate vessels with a draft of 20 metres. It has a storage capacity of 370,000 m3. It is managed by the company Horizon Djibouti Terminal Limited (HDTL), which is positioned as a major economic player in Djibouti. It wants to create a local supply centre for regional and international hydrocarbons. Djibouti, at the southern outlet of the Red Sea, is located on a wide shipping lane for oil, and as such provides access to the markets of other countries in the Horn of Africa.[3]

Originally designed for 12 annual rotations, the port is now severely overloaded with 28 rotations due to the high demand of oil from Ethiopia, which is forcing tankers to wait their turn out at sea.[30] An extension of the oil terminal to add an extra 100,000 cubic metres of capacity to the current 370,000 cubic meters is in the works.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "UNLOCODE (DJ) - DJIBOUTI". service.unece.org. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  2. ^ "DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL". Port Strategy. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b DP World – Doraleh. "DP World – Doraleh". DP World – Doraleh. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  4. ^ "China Merchants buys control of Djibouti's Red Sea container terminal". Infinity Cargo Express. 2014.
  5. ^ "China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  6. ^ Blair, Edmund (February 2, 2016). "China to start work soon on naval base in Djibouti – Guelleh". Reuters UK. The Chinese facilities would be at the $590 million Doraleh Multi-Purpose Port being built in the south of the country in partnership with China Merchants Holdings International. The navy would use one of the berths.
  7. ^ Page, Jeremy (19 August 2016). "China Builds First Overseas Military Outpost". Wall Street Journal.
  8. ^ Miad, Mahdi (15 October 2015). "Ethiopia–Djibouti Railway Line to Start Early 2016". DP World Doraleh. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  9. ^ "Djibouti government seizes container terminal". FreightWaves. 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  10. ^ "Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal". Horn Diplomat. 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  11. ^ "Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port". www.foodbusinessafrica.com. 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  12. ^ a b c d "DP WORLD ANGER AS DJIBOUTI SEIZES DORALEH TERMINAL". Port Strategy. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  13. ^ a b c d e Gambrell, Jon (23 February 2018). "Djibouti seizes control of DP World's container terminal". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  14. ^ a b c d "Dubai accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing key Africa port". Dhaka Tribune. Agence France-Presse. 24 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  15. ^ Styan, David (2016). "Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads" (PDF). Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal. 1 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316. S2CID 133045969.
  16. ^ Styan, David (2016). "Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads" (PDF). Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal. 1 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316. S2CID 133045969.
  17. ^ a b c Dupin, Chris (23 February 2018). "Djibouti government seizes container terminal". American Shipper. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  18. ^ a b "U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release | LegiStorm". www.legistorm.com. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  19. ^ Ismael, Hawa; Vandyck, George (2015). "Forecasting Container Throughput at the Doraleh Port in Djibouti through Time Series Analysis". Applied Mechanics, Mechatronics and Intelligent Systems. World Scientific. p. 341. Bibcode:2016ammi.conf..341M. doi:10.1142/9789814733878_0049. ISBN 978-981-4733-86-1. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  20. ^ "Djibouti Prepares for Mega Project Opening". Porttechnology.org. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  21. ^ a b "Djibouti seizes control of Dubai-run Doraleh port". Al Jazeera. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  22. ^ Kerr, Simeon; Aglionby, John (23 February 2018). "DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  23. ^ "China's Engagement in Djibouti" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 4 September 2019.
  24. ^ "English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture".
  25. ^ "Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World". Offshore Energy. 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  26. ^ Dudley, Dominic. "Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  27. ^ "DP World wins sixth ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute". Arabian Business. 14 January 2020.
  28. ^ "Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai". Forbes. 14 January 2020.
  29. ^ "DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession". DP World. 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  30. ^ a b "Ethiopia's oil supply constrained by Djibouti logistics battle". The Africa Report.com. 2020-02-21. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

11°35′24″N 43°05′42″E / 11.590°N 43.095°E / 11.590; 43.095

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