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=== Administration ===
=== Administration ===
[[File:Henry C Berghoff.png|thumb|Henry C. Berghoff as Mayor of Fort Wayne]]
[[File:Henry C Berghoff.png|thumb|Henry C. Berghoff as Mayor of Fort Wayne]]
Berghoff, who succeeded Henry P. Scherer, served as mayor of Fort Wayne from May 9, 1901, to January 1, 1906.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Fort Wayne Mayors - City of Fort Wayne|url=https://www.cityoffortwayne.org/meet-the-mayor/fort-wayne-mayors.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=www.cityoffortwayne.org}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Jan 01, 1906, page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/29227425/?match=1&terms=Henry%20C.%20Berghoff |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Throughout his mayoralty, Berghoff, along with other city officials, annually wrote messages to the Common Council of Fort Wayne, informing them on the business and financial situation of the city.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gw1KAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1901|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wg1KAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1902|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQhKAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1903|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ce5JAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1904|language=en}}</ref> Immediately after taking office as mayor of Fort Wayne on May 9, 1901, Berghoff appointed W. H. Shambaugh as city attorney, Joseph Fox as comptroller, and Peter Eggeman, William Doehrmann, and Henry C. Zollinger as members of the Board of Public Works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indianapolis News 10 May 1901 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program |url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=INN19010510-01.1.3&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=newspapers.library.in.gov}}</ref>
Berghoff, who succeeded Henry P. Scherer, served as mayor of Fort Wayne from May 9, 1901, to January 1, 1906.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Fort Wayne Mayors - City of Fort Wayne|url=https://www.cityoffortwayne.org/meet-the-mayor/fort-wayne-mayors.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=www.cityoffortwayne.org}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Jan 01, 1906, page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/29227425/?match=1&terms=Henry%20C.%20Berghoff |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Throughout his mayoralty, Berghoff, along with other city officials, annually wrote messages to the Common Council of Fort Wayne, informing them on the administrative business and condition of the city.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gw1KAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1901|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wg1KAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1902|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQhKAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1903|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Wayne (Ind.)|first=Fort|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ce5JAAAAMAAJ|title=Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...|date=1904|language=en}}</ref> Immediately after taking office as mayor of Fort Wayne on May 9, 1901, Berghoff appointed W. H. Shambaugh as city attorney, Joseph Fox as comptroller, and Peter Eggeman, William Doehrmann, and Henry C. Zollinger as members of the Board of Public Works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indianapolis News 10 May 1901 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program |url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=INN19010510-01.1.3&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=newspapers.library.in.gov}}</ref>


=== 1901 Indiana District Turnfest ===
=== 1901 Indiana District Turnfest ===
On June 15, 1901, the biennial Indiana District Turnfest (a German gymnastic festival<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turnfest {{!}} German festival {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turnfest |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>) was held in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":1" /> Over 3000 people, from [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]], [[Ohio]], and [[Kentucky]], of German and Anglo descent, attended the event.<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff delivered a rousing speech at the event, praising Germans for their contributions to America, saying, "The Germans have done more toward the progress and up-building of this country in every avenue of commerce, of art, and of learning, than any or all other peoples on earth, and every intelligent American will admit it."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Challenging Economic Borders: Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Chemnitz, Germany |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/24710/32592/65158 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=scholarworks.iu.edu}}</ref> Berghoff, proud "in being a German," emboldened the audience, whom he referred to as "we Germans in America," to not forget their "mother tongue," to preserve "the customs of their fathers," and that they "may well feel proud of our nation."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> Berghoff, after stating "we need not be ashamed of our ancestry," criticized those who avoided demonstrations of their German heritage: "Such do not deserve the name of Germans."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> Berghoff claimed that a minimum of two thirds of Fort Wayne citizens were German, and believed this indicated that second and third generation German-Americans still harbored their German identity.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> At the close of the Turnfest, [[The Journal Gazette]] claimed, "It will go down in history as the most successful ever held in the Indiana district."<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff's identification as a [[Germans|German]], instead of a [[German Americans|German American]], strengthened the image of Fort Wayne as an exemplar of ethnic acceptance.<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff attained success without forgoing the cultural elements of his heritage or his ethnicity.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=16 Jun 1901, Page 6 - The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/29291235/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref>
On June 15, 1901, the biennial Indiana District Turnfest (a German gymnastic festival<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turnfest {{!}} German festival {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turnfest |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>) was held in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":1" /> Over 3000 people, from [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]], [[Ohio]], and [[Kentucky]], of German and Anglo descent, attended the event.<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff delivered a rousing speech at the event, praising Germans for their contributions to America, saying, "The Germans have done more toward the progress and up-building of this country in every avenue of commerce, of art, and of learning, than any or all other peoples on earth, and every intelligent American will admit it."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Challenging Economic Borders: Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Chemnitz, Germany |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/24710/32592/65158 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=scholarworks.iu.edu}}</ref> Berghoff, proud "in being a German," emboldened the audience, whom he referred to as "we Germans in America," to not forget their "mother tongue," to preserve "the customs of their fathers," and that they "may well feel proud of our nation."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> Berghoff, after stating "we need not be ashamed of our ancestry," criticized those who avoided demonstrations of their German heritage: "Such do not deserve the name of Germans."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> Berghoff claimed that a minimum of two thirds of Fort Wayne citizens were German, and believed this indicated that second and third generation German-Americans still harbored their German identity.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":16" /> At the close of the Turnfest, [[The Journal Gazette]] claimed, "It will go down in history as the most successful ever held in the Indiana district."<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff's identification as a [[Germans|German]], instead of a [[German Americans|German American]], strengthened the image of Fort Wayne as an exemplar of ethnic acceptance.<ref name=":1" /> Berghoff attained success without forgoing the cultural elements of his heritage or his ethnicity.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=16 Jun 1901, Page 6 - The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/29291235/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref>


=== Aversion of a water famine ===
=== City water ===
According to Berghoff in his Annual Message at the end of 1901 and his Annual Message at the end of 1902, the first problem his administration encountered was, in July 1901, the likelihood of a water famine in Fort Wayne, after a fire destroyed the city's reservoir.<ref name=":12" /> Berghoff stated that he consulted with experts and local businessmen on what should be done to prevent the impending water famine, and, according to Berghoff, they decided on increasing the pump capacity of Fort Wayne's two water plants.<ref name=":12" /> A new air plant was installed at the first water plant, and a new 6 million gallon pump was installed at the second water plant.<ref name=":12" /> Additionally, Berghoff ordered that the water from a canal basin flow into the main supply of the city's water for ten hours, in order to give the city a larger supply of water.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> As a result of these new installations, he believed, "the needs of the city for many years to come" would be supplied (six or seven million gallons of water would be pumped through the two water plants a day, and 140 gallons of water a day would be pumped for each Fort Wayne citizen).<ref name=":12" /> However, Berghoff and his administration came under scrutiny after the water from the canal basin polluted the city's water.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> He accepted the blame for the pollution, arguing that the impending necessity for more water had justified his actions.<ref name=":12" />
Berghoff’s decisions surrounding city water proved crucial and controversial. The first problem that Berghoff’s administration encountered was, in July 1901, the threat of a water famine in Fort Wayne, after a fire destroyed the city's reservoir.<ref name=":12" /> He stated that he consulted with experts and local businessmen on what should be done to prevent the impending water famine, and they decided on increasing the pump capacity of Fort Wayne's two water plants.<ref name=":12" /> A new air plant was installed at the first water plant, and a new 6 million gallon pump was installed at the second water plant.<ref name=":12" /> Additionally, Berghoff ordered that the water from a canal basin flow into the main supply of the city's water for ten hours, in order to give the city a larger supply of water.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> As a result of these new installations, he believed, "the needs of the city for many years to come" would be supplied (six or seven million gallons of water would be pumped through the two water plants a day, and 140 gallons of water a day would be pumped for each Fort Wayne citizen).<ref name=":12" /> However, Berghoff and his administration came under scrutiny after the water from the canal basin polluted the city's water.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> He accepted the blame for the pollution, arguing that the impending necessity for more water had justified his actions.<ref name=":12" />
[[File:St Marys River Bluffton Road Fort Wayne.jpg|thumb|St. Marys River in Fort Wayne, Indiana]]

⚫
In November 1903, water contaminated with typhoid bacteria from the [[St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)|St. Marys River]] entered Fort Wayne's main water supply, causing an outbreak of [[typhoid fever]] in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Seigel |first=Peggy |date=December 2017 |title=A "Fearless Editor" in a Changing World: Fort wayne's Jesse Greene |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/27728/32973/67388}}</ref> However, it was not until February 1904 that the City Health Commissioner, Dr. A. H. Macbeth, alerted the public about the presence of typhoid bacteria in their drinking water.<ref name=":10" /> Despite there being over 80 new cases of typhoid fever in Fort Wayne, [[The Journal Gazette]] defended him, instead putting the blame for the typhoid fever outbreak on Republican waterworks trustees who had taken charge of the water plant in 1903.<ref name=":10" /> However, journalist Jesse Greene, writing in [[The News-Sentinel|The Fort Wayne Sentinel]], stated that a 1900 city ordinance required the health commissioner, and not the waterworks trustees, to run weekly tests on the city's water.<ref name=":10" /> Greene also called on Berghoff to demand Macbeth's resignation, which Berghoff did not do.<ref name=":10" /> On March 26, 1904, Berghoff announced to Fort Wayne citizens that their drinking water was safe to drink again.<ref name=":10" /> In the statement, Berghoff chose not to blame anyone, most notably the Republican waterworks officials, for the typhoid fever outbreak.<ref name=":10" />
⚫
=== ''State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff'' ===
[[File:Indiana Governor Winfield T. Durbin.gif|thumb|Governor [[Winfield T. Durbin]], who appointed Robert Dreibelbiss to the Fort Wayne Municipal Court]]

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In April 1902, the Indiana State Supreme Court, ruling against Berghoff in ''State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff,''<ref name=":8" /> declared valid the appointment made by [[Indiana]] [[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] [[Winfield T. Durbin]] of Robert B. Dreibelbiss, a Republican, as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, after the previous judge, George W. Louttit, a Democrat, had been removed from the bench on the grounds that the office had been created two days after his (Louttit's) election to the position.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last1=Court|first1=Indiana Supreme|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNgDAAAAYAAJ|title=Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of Indiana|last2=Carter|first2=Horace E.|last3=Porter|first3=Albert Gallatin|last4=Tanner|first4=Gordon|last5=Harrison|first5=Benjamin|last6=Kerr|first6=Michael Crawford|last7=Black|first7=James Buckley|last8=Martin|first8=Augustus Newton|last9=Kern|first9=John Worth|date=1903|publisher=Bobbs-Merrill Company|language=en}}</ref> Berghoff, believing the grounds for Louttit's removal were unconstitutional and illegitimate, refused to approve Dreibelbiss’ official bond required by law to serve as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, effectively blocking his appointment.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> In the Indiana Circuit Court, Berghoff's opinion was upheld, although upon further review in the Indiana Supreme Court, it was decided the governor's appointment was valid, as mentioned earlier.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" />[[File:Fort-wayne-indiana-courthouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Allen County Courthouse (Indiana)|Allen County Courthouse]], which was dedicated on September 23, 1902, in Fort Wayne with Mayor Berghoff present.]]

=== Allen County Courthouse ===
⚫
Berghoff also presided over the completion of the construction of the [[Allen County Courthouse (Indiana)|Allen County Courthouse]] in Fort Wayne in 1902. The construction of the courthouse costed, in total, $817,553.59, which would be $250 million today. The construction of the courthouse began on November 17, 1897, during the mayoralty of Berghoff's predecessor, Henry P. Scherer. The courthouse was built by architect [[Brentwood S. Tolan]].<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Griswold |first=Bert Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lI0AQAAMAAJ |title=The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne, Indiana: A Review of Two Centuries of Occupation of the Region about the Head of the Maumee River |date=1917 |publisher=Robert O. Law Company |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":182">{{Cite web |title=emporis.com |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/127693/allen-county-courthouse-fort-wayne-in-usa |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320035313/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/127693/allen-county-courthouse-fort-wayne-in-usa |archive-date=March 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":192">{{Cite web |last=Director |first=Executive |date=2014-10-22 |title=Allen County Courthouse |url=https://archfw.org/heritagetrail/centraldowntown/allen-county-courthouse/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=ARCH |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":202">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-07 |title=Our Story {{!}} Allen County Courthouse |url=https://www.allencountycourthouse.org/ourstory/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=www.allencountycourthouse.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

On September 23, 1902, the [[Allen County Courthouse (Indiana)|Allen County Courthouse]] was dedicated, and Berghoff was present at the courthouse's dedication ceremonies.<ref name=":62" /> Governor [[Winfield T. Durbin]] attended the dedication ceremonies, and [[President of the United States|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] was scheduled to be present as well, although he ultimately did not attend.<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":182" /><ref name=":192" /><ref name=":202" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-23 |title=Allen County- Fort Wayne (1902-) |url=https://courthousery.net/2018/04/23/allen-county-fort-wayne-1902-1971/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Courthousery |language=en}}</ref>

=== Rest of 1902 ===
⚫
In his annual message at the end of 1902, Berghoff stated that, from the beginning of his mayoralty, he had aimed to restrict immorality and crime as much as possible in Fort Wayne. He also stated actions he had taken since to achieve this aim, including ordering the removal of wine rooms from saloons, the prohibition of those of bad character from entering those places, and the removal of notorious places from Fort Wayne's business district. Berghoff also ordered the removal of gambling devices from public places in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":12" />

He stated that street car extensions for the Interurban Railway would be built as needed throughout Fort Wayne, and that a lower fare and better service in the Interurban Railway would be promised as well.<ref name=":12" />

Berghoff also considered the idea of Fort Wayne possessing its own heating plant.<ref name=":12" />

He also touted the Fort Wayne parks, commending the improvements made to Swinney Park, and arguing that Williams Park should be acquired by the city.<ref name=":12" />

Berghoff also described his policy on street improvements (which had been restricted by the City Council of Fort Wayne earlier in 1902) thus: "I believe that street improvements should be made whenever the people along the streets and the general public ask for them."<ref name=":12" /> He believed that Fort Wayne should be as [[Progressivism|progressive]] in its public works as other cities, in order to retain its status "as the second best city in the state" of Indiana.<ref name=":12" />

Berghoff also remarked on the city's contagious disease hospital in his Annual Message, stating his administration had put the hospital in the most healthful condition possible.<ref name=":12" /> Berghoff also advocated, unsuccessfully, for the replacement of this hospital with a new one, as he would reiterate years afterward.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /> Berghoff also advocated for a rule to be adopted "that demands all patients who want assistance from the city go to this hospital and the city will take care of them."<ref name=":12" /> However, he said, if they chose not to take these steps, they would be quarantined in their homes and would be complied to pay all expenses for medical care while sick in their houses, which, Berghoff said, would prevent the Fort Wayne Health Department from unnecessary expenses.<ref name=":12" />

Berghoff also stated he would strictly enforce a rule that all horse manure be put in an iron container and disposed of when full.<ref name=":12" /> This was, Berghoff said, in order to keep the streets of Fort Wayne sanitary.<ref name=":12" />


=== Public works ===
=== Public works ===
A major event in Berghoff's mayoralty occurred in September 1901, when the first electric interurban railway in Fort Wayne, the Fort Wayne and Northern Indiana Traction Company line, was opened. This helped establish Fort Wayne as an important center of freight and passenger traffic in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref name=":6" />
Public works became a major focus of Berghoff’s administration. In September 1901, the first electric interurban railway in Fort Wayne, the Fort Wayne and Northern Indiana Traction Company line, was opened. This helped establish Fort Wayne as an important center of freight and passenger traffic in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref name=":6" />


In his Annual Message at the end of 1902, Berghoff forcefully defended the Intercepting Sewer and the positive differences he believed it made for the city of Fort Wayne.<ref name=":12" /> The construction of the Intercepting Sewer was begun in 1900, under the mayoralty of his predecessor, Henry P. Scherer, and was finished before Berghoff took office.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> It was built to comply with Indiana sanitation laws, and construction costed $162,397.57.<ref name=":15" /> The Fort Wayne Board of Public Works, during Berghoff's mayoralty, approved the plans for the construction of the sewer made by the previous board.<ref name=":12" /> Some Fort Wayne citizens criticized the sewer, calling it "a useless expenditure of money" and "not a public necessity."<ref name=":12" /> Berghoff, however, believed it to be an improvement to the city, stating, "The sewer is doing the work it was intended to do."<ref name=":12" /> The Intercepting Sewer purified the [[St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)|St. Mary's River]] and transported the house sewage to half a mile outside Fort Wayne.<ref name=":12" /> Thus, he remarked, on the cost and effectiveness of the sewer, "The improved condition is worth double the cost of the improvement."<ref name=":12" /> Berghoff also affirmed, because of the improvements the new sewer brought, "It can be truthfully said that the city of Fort Wayne and the city of [[Indianapolis]] are the only two cities in the state of Indiana that have almost perfect sanitary drainage."<ref name=":12" />
At the end of 1902, Berghoff officially announced the completion of the South Wayne Sewer.<ref name=":12" /> The initiative to construct the South Wayne sewer began under his predecessor.<ref name=":12" /> Berghoff prescribed that lateral drains attached to the sewer also be constructed, so that, in his own words, "the people could have the benefit of this outlet."<ref name=":14" /> However, the construction of the South Wayne Sewer, which he believed "ought to have been constructed several years before," was heavily criticized.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> Nevertheless, he hailed the South Wayne Sewer as being "first-class in every respect,"<ref name=":12" /> and in his annual message at the end of 1903, Berghoff commended it as having "gave relief as an outlet to the whole of South Wayne, as well as the territory in the southern, southwestern and western part of the city." Remarking on the public popularity of the sewer, he stated, "It was thought that the building of the Intercepting and South Wayne Sewers would bankrupt the city, but when the work was completed and the purposes of them enjoyed, the people ceased to complain."<ref name=":14" /> Because of this, he affirmed, the cleanliness of Fort Wayne had been greatly improved.<ref name=":14" />
[[File:Fort-wayne-indiana-courthouse.jpg|thumb|The Allen County Courthouse, which was dedicated in September 1902 with Mayor Berghoff present ]]
⚫
Berghoff also presided over the completion of the construction of the [[Allen County Courthouse (Indiana)|Allen County Courthouse]] in Fort Wayne in 1902. The construction of the courthouse costed, in total, $817,553.59. The construction of the courthouse began on November 17, 1897, during the mayoralty of Berghoff's predecessor. The courthouse was built by architect [[Brentwood S. Tolan]].<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Griswold |first=Bert Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lI0AQAAMAAJ |title=The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne, Indiana: A Review of Two Centuries of Occupation of the Region about the Head of the Maumee River |date=1917 |publisher=Robert O. Law Company |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":182">{{Cite web |title=emporis.com |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/127693/allen-county-courthouse-fort-wayne-in-usa |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320035313/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/127693/allen-county-courthouse-fort-wayne-in-usa |archive-date=March 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":192">{{Cite web |last=Director |first=Executive |date=2014-10-22 |title=Allen County Courthouse |url=https://archfw.org/heritagetrail/centraldowntown/allen-county-courthouse/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=ARCH |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":202">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-07 |title=Our Story {{!}} Allen County Courthouse |url=https://www.allencountycourthouse.org/ourstory/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=www.allencountycourthouse.org |language=en-US}}</ref> On September 23, 1902, the [[Allen County Courthouse (Indiana)|Allen County Courthouse]] was dedicated, and Berghoff was present at the courthouse's dedication ceremonies.<ref name=":62" /> Governor [[Winfield T. Durbin]] attended the dedication ceremonies, and [[President of the United States|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] was scheduled to be present as well, although he ultimately did not attend.<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":182" /><ref name=":192" /><ref name=":202" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-23 |title=Allen County- Fort Wayne (1902-) |url=https://courthousery.net/2018/04/23/allen-county-fort-wayne-1902-1971/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Courthousery |language=en}}</ref>


⚫
In Berghoff's annual message at the end of 1903, he indicated that more work had been done for public works than any year prior in the city’s history (that year, more than 4.16 miles of street improvements had been made, nine and a half miles of sewer laid, public bridges were repaired and painted, and the Garbage Crematory that had burned down had been rebuilt).<ref name=":14" />
Berghoff also discussed the South Wayne Sewer in his 1902 Annual Message, and officially announced its completion.<ref name=":12" /> The initiative to construct the South Wayne sewer begun, like the Intercepting Sewer, under Mayor Henry P. Scherer.<ref name=":12" /> During its construction, work on the sewer was abandoned for two months by the original contractor, and, as a result, some of the work became defective, and the defective portions of the sewer had to be redone.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> Lateral drains attached to the sewer were also constructed, so, in the words of Berghoff, "the people could have the benefit of this outlet."<ref name=":14" /> The South Wayne Sewer, which he believed "ought to have been constructed several years before," was, like the Intercepting Sewer, heavily criticized.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":12" /> He hailed the South Wayne Sewer as being "first-class in every respect,"<ref name=":12" /> and in his Annual Message at the end of 1903, Berghoff commended it as having "gave relief as an outlet to the whole of South Wayne, as well as the territory in the southern, southwestern and western part of the city."<ref name=":14" /> In his annual message at the end of 1903, Berghoff remarked on the effectiveness of the Intercepting and South Wayne Sewers, saying, "It was thought that the building of the Intercepting and South Wayne Sewers would bankrupt the city, but when the work was completed and the purposes of them enjoyed, the people ceased to complain."<ref name=":14" /> Because of this, he affirmed, the cleanliness of Fort Wayne had been greatly improved.<ref name=":14" />


⚫
Berghoff had been in favor of constructing a municipal lighting plant (which the city of Fort Wayne would own and operate) throughout his political career, believing it to be Fort Wayne's most important priority (at the time, it was considered a popular idea among Fort Wayne citizens to construct a municipal lighting plant).<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=19 Oct 1905, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/29266388/?image=29266388&words=&terms=City%20Council%20at%20large&match=1 |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> However, during the first years of his mayoralty, he had gradually changed his position, and in 1903, decided against the construction of a municipal plant, instead opting for a privately owned corporation to be the city's main lighting supply, stating, "there is so much corruption in American cities that public utilities can be more economically managed by private corporations."<ref name=":21" /> On February 12, 1904, Berghoff, with the approval of the Fort Wayne City Council, signed General Ordinance 223, which granted a 31-year contract for a municipal lighting franchise to the Fort Wayne Electric Light and Power company, a private corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Mar 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/34764308/?image=34764308&words= |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[The News-Sentinel|Fort Wayne Sentinel]]'' criticized his actions as having "broke faith with the people."<ref name=":21" /> However, the ''[[The News-Sentinel|Fort Wayne News]]'' praised the new franchise, stating, "its work will meet the entire approval of the people," and that a majority of the people supported the franchise.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=29 Jan 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/34762719/?image=34762719&words= |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> The Fort Wayne News also stated their belief that the then-current cost of electricity would be less under the franchise.<ref name=":22" /> The construction of a municipal lighting plant was later begun in 1906, and the plant was opened in 1908, all during the mayoralty of Berghoff's successor, [[William J. Hosey]].<ref name=":6" />
⚫
In Berghoff's Annual Message at the end of 1903, he stated more work had been done for public works than ever before (that year, more than 4.16 miles of street improvements had been made, nine and a half miles of sewer laid, public bridges were repaired and painted, and the Garbage Crematory that had burned down had been rebuilt).<ref name=":14" />


⚫
In April 1905, Berghoff appointed the first Fort Wayne Board of Park Commissioners.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=History - Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation |url=http://www.fortwayneparks.org/parks/history.html |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=www.fortwayneparks.org}}</ref>
=== 1903 ===
Berghoff, also in his Annual Message, asserted that "Fort Wayne is comparatively free from crime."<ref name=":14" />


⚫
=== ''State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff'' ===
=== Public health and 1903 Fort Wayne typhoid fever outbreak ===
[[File:St Marys River Bluffton Road Fort Wayne.jpg|thumb|[[St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)|St. Marys River]], Fort Wayne]]
[[File:Indiana Governor Winfield T. Durbin.gif|thumb|Governor [[Winfield T. Durbin]], who appointed Robert Dreibelbiss to the Fort Wayne Municipal Court]]
⚫
In November 1903, water contaminated with typhoid bacteria from the [[St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)|St. Marys River]] entered Fort Wayne's main water supply, causing an outbreak of [[typhoid fever]] in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":10" /> However, it was not until February 1904 that the City Health Commissioner, Dr. A. H. Macbeth, alerted the public about the presence of typhoid bacteria in their drinking water.<ref name=":10" /> Despite there being over 80 new cases of typhoid fever in Fort Wayne, [[The Journal Gazette]] defended him, instead putting the blame for the typhoid fever outbreak on Republican waterworks trustees who had taken charge of the water plant in 1903.<ref name=":10" /> However, journalist Jesse Greene, writing in [[The News-Sentinel|The Fort Wayne Sentinel]], stated that a 1900 city ordinance required the health commissioner, and not the waterworks trustees, to run weekly tests on the city's water.<ref name=":10" /> Greene also called on Berghoff to demand Macbeth's resignation, which Berghoff did not do.<ref name=":10" /> On March 26, 1904, Berghoff announced to Fort Wayne citizens that their drinking water was safe to drink again.<ref name=":10" /> In the statement, Berghoff chose not to blame anyone, most notably the Republican waterworks officials, for the typhoid fever outbreak.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Seigel |first=Peggy |date=December 2017 |title=A "Fearless Editor" in a Changing World: Fort wayne's Jesse Greene |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/27728/32973/67388}}</ref>


⚫
In April 1902, Berghoff was involved in a legal controversy when the Indiana State Supreme Court, ruling against Berghoff in ''State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff,''<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Court |first1=Indiana Supreme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNgDAAAAYAAJ |title=Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of Indiana |last2=Carter |first2=Horace E. |last3=Porter |first3=Albert Gallatin |last4=Tanner |first4=Gordon |last5=Harrison |first5=Benjamin |last6=Kerr |first6=Michael Crawford |last7=Black |first7=James Buckley |last8=Martin |first8=Augustus Newton |last9=Kern |first9=John Worth |date=1903 |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill Company |language=en}}</ref> declared valid the appointment made by [[Indiana]] [[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] [[Winfield T. Durbin]] of Robert B. Dreibelbiss. A Republican, Dreibelbiss had received an appointment as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, after the previous judge, George W. Louttit, a Democrat, had been removed from the bench on the grounds that the office had been created two days after the latter’s election to the position.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> Berghoff, believing the grounds for Louttit's removal were unconstitutional and illegitimate, refused to approve Dreibelbiss’ official bond required by law to serve as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, effectively blocking his appointment.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> In the Indiana Circuit Court, Berghoff's opinion was upheld, although upon further review in the Indiana Supreme Court, it was decided the governor's appointment was valid, as mentioned earlier.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" />
=== Municipal lighting ===
=== Other mayoral activities ===
⚫
Berghoff had been in favor of constructing a municipal lighting plant (which the city of Fort Wayne would own and operate) throughout his political career, believing it to be Fort Wayne's most important priority (at the time, it was considered a popular idea among Fort Wayne citizens to construct a municipal lighting plant for Fort Wayne).<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=19 Oct 1905, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/29266388/?image=29266388&words=&terms=City%20Council%20at%20large&match=1 |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> However, during the first years of his mayoralty, he had gradually changed his position, and in 1903, decided against the construction of a municipal plant, instead opting for a privately owned corporation to be the city's main lighting supply, stating, "there is so much corruption in American cities that public utilities can be more economically managed by private corporations."<ref name=":21" /> On February 12, 1904, Berghoff, with the approval of the Fort Wayne City Council, signed General Ordinance 223, which granted a 31-year contract for a municipal lighting franchise to the Fort Wayne Electric Light and Power company, a private corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Mar 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/34764308/?image=34764308&words= |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[The News-Sentinel|Fort Wayne Sentinel]]'' criticized his actions as having "broke faith with the people."<ref name=":21" /> However, the ''[[The News-Sentinel|Fort Wayne News]]'' praised the new franchise, stating, "its work will meet the entire approval of the people," and that a majority of the people supported the franchise.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=29 Jan 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/34762719/?image=34762719&words= |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> The Fort Wayne News also stated their belief that the then-current cost of electricity would be less under the franchise.<ref name=":22" />
⚫
In his annual message at the end of 1902, Berghoff stated that, from the beginning of his mayoralty, he had taken unprecedented actions to restrict immorality and crime as much as possible in Fort Wayne. He ordered the removal of wine rooms from saloons, the prohibition of those of bad character from entering saloons, and the removal of notorious places from Fort Wayne's business district. Berghoff also ordered the removal of gambling devices from public places in Fort Wayne.<ref name=":12" />


The construction of a municipal lighting plant was later begun in 1906, and the plant was opened in 1908, all during the mayoralty of Berghoff's successor, [[William J. Hosey]].<ref name=":6" />

=== Rest of 1904 ===
On July 14, 1904, Berghoff addressed the [[Indiana State Bar Association]] at its eighth annual meeting held in Fort Wayne, where he was hailed as "the best mayor of the best city in America" by the association's president, William P. Breen.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMDAQAAIAAJ|title=Report of the annual meeting|date=1904|language=en}}</ref>
On July 14, 1904, Berghoff addressed the [[Indiana State Bar Association]] at its eighth annual meeting held in Fort Wayne, where he was hailed as "the best mayor of the best city in America" by the association's president, William P. Breen.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMDAQAAIAAJ|title=Report of the annual meeting|date=1904|language=en}}</ref>


On August 9, 1904, Berghoff was involved in a physical altercation with a saloon keeper named Willis Doolittle, with the latter being upset that his petition for a new license had been opposed by the mayor with his filing of a remonstrance. After Doolittle had become aggressive, Berghoff shoved him against a balcony rail. Doolittle claimed a possible fall could have killed him, and wanted to arrest the mayor on charges of assault and battery with intent to kill. However, Allen County Prosecutor Underwood refused to prosecute Berghoff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aug 09, 1904, page 2 - The South Bend Tribune at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/513490381/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref>
On August 9, 1904, Berghoff was involved in a physical altercation with a saloon keeper named Willis Doolittle, with the latter being upset that his petition for a new license had been opposed by the mayor with his filing of a remonstrance. After Doolittle had become aggressive, Berghoff shoved him against a balcony rail. Doolittle claimed a possible fall could have killed him, and wanted to arrest the mayor on charges of assault and battery with intent to kill. However, Allen County Prosecutor Underwood refused to prosecute Berghoff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aug 09, 1904, page 2 - The South Bend Tribune at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/513490381/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Lincoln Bank Tower, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Estados Unidos, 2012-11-12, DD 01.jpg|thumb|[[Lincoln Bank Tower]], Fort Wayne, Indiana]]

Sometime in 1904, under Berghoff's mayoralty, a short railway in Fort Wayne, the Lake Erie and Fort Wayne Belt Line Railway, was opened.<ref name=":6" />

At the end of 1904, in his Annual Message, Berghoff reflected on all that he had accomplished during his the past three and a half years of his mayoralty, which would end in just over a year, as well as his accomplishments in 1904.<ref name=":13" />

Berghoff stated that, in 1904, more work was done for public works in Fort Wayne than any year before (five new miles of street, two miles of cement sidewalks, one and a half mile of brick sidewalks, five and a half miles of sewer were laid, and thirty new street lights were constructed, as well as a good amount of alley paving and street grading), even more than the previous year.<ref name=":14" />

He also stated that, in 1904, for the first time in Fort Wayne history, not one charge was made against any officer of the Fort Wayne Fire Department.<ref name=":13" />

On legal matters, Berghoff stated that the Fort Wayne Department of Law had suffered no litigation losses in the previous two years.<ref name=":13" />

Berghoff stated that the cases of communicable diseases had fallen from 374 cases to 52 cases in the past four years.<ref name=":13" /> Berghoff also called for a new contagious disease hospital to be constructed in Fort Wayne, as he had years before,<ref name=":12" /> noting the condition of the then-current hospital, stating, "In our present age, where humane principles are advocated by all, this kind of building should no longer be tolerated."<ref name=":13" />

On fiscal matters, Berghoff stated that Fort Wayne had a net saving of and a balance on hand of $133,447.54.<ref name=":13" /> He also asserted that, "For the first time in the history of the city government have public funds been placed to draw interest for the public benefit."<ref name=":13" /> Berghoff also advised tax assessors to keep watch for tax evasion, so that taxes in the city could "be more justly distributed."<ref name=":13" />

=== 1905 ===
[[File:Lincoln Bank Tower, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Estados Unidos, 2012-11-12, DD 01.jpg|thumb|[[Lincoln Bank Tower]], Fort Wayne, Indiana]]
In 1905, Berghoff assisted in the creation of the German-American National Bank, where he served as head cashier.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> During World War I, it was renamed to "[[Lincoln Bank Tower|Lincoln National Bank]]" due to anti-German sentiment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berghoff Brewery C. 1930 |url=http://www.fortwaynereader.com/story.php?uid=3068 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.fortwaynereader.com}}</ref>
In 1905, Berghoff assisted in the creation of the German-American National Bank, where he served as head cashier.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> During World War I, it was renamed to "[[Lincoln Bank Tower|Lincoln National Bank]]" due to anti-German sentiment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berghoff Brewery C. 1930 |url=http://www.fortwaynereader.com/story.php?uid=3068 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.fortwaynereader.com}}</ref>

In February 1905, under Berghoff's mayoralty, the Fort Wayne Clearing House was established by representatives of the financial institutions in the city. The founding institutions of the clearing house passed their financial exchanges through it each business day.<ref name=":6" />
[[File:Foster Park, Fort Wayne, Indiana, May 2014.jpg|thumb|Foster Park, named after David Nathaniel Foster, whom Berghoff appointed to the Board of Park Commissioners in 1905]]
⚫
In April 1905, Berghoff appointed the first Fort Wayne Board of Park Commissioners.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=History - Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation|url=http://www.fortwayneparks.org/parks/history.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=www.fortwayneparks.org}}</ref>

Sometime in 1905, under Berghoff's mayoralty, the Fort Wayne Hotel Company was established.<ref name=":6" />

Also sometime in 1905, the Fort Wayne and Northwestern Traction Line, a railroad, was opened in Fort Wayne, and on September 22 of that year, another railroad, the Ohio Electric Traction Line was opened.<ref name=":6" />

That same year, the gas supply of the Fort Wayne Natural Gas Company was exhausted, as Berghoff had warned years before in his Annual Message at the end of 1902.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":12" /> The gas service of the Fort Wayne Natural Gas Company was terminated in November 1905.<ref name=":6" />


=== Run for City Councilman-at-large ===
=== Run for City Councilman-at-large ===
Line 151: Line 99:


== Later life and death==
== Later life and death==
After serving as mayor of Fort Wayne, and losing election for City Councilman-at-large, Berghoff left politics for good, and instead returned to business. Berghoff held positions at Wayne Oil Tank and continued to serve as vice president of Summit City Bottle Works, renamed to "Rub-No-More Soap Company" in 1912, subsequent to his mayoralty.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Nancy Eileen|date=May 2013|title=The 1901 Fort Wayne, Indiana City Election: A Political Dialogue of Ethnic Tension|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46957744.pdf|access-date=2021-12-09}}</ref><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":6" /> Also subsequent to his mayoralty, Henry had more time to pay attention to the Berghoff Brewery in Fort Wayne. In 1909, a year after Hubert stepped down as vice president and manager of the Berghoff Brewing Company due to poor health, the company was reorganized, and its name was changed to the "Berghoff Brewing Association."<ref name=":11" /> On April 12, 1918, [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] began in Indiana, and production of Berghoff's Beer was halted. The Berghoff Brewing Association was renamed to "Berghoff Products" and "Brewers of Bergo Soft Drinks."<ref name=":11" /> Berghoff never lived to see the end of Prohibition in 1933, when alcoholic beer was brewed at the Berghoff Brewery once again.<ref name=":11" /> Berghoff died aged 69 on June 28, 1925, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, after suffering an apoplectic stroke three days before.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier from Lafayette, Indiana on June 29, 1925 · 1|url=http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/261954740/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=Newspapers.com|date=29 June 1925 |language=en}}</ref>
After serving as mayor of Fort Wayne, and losing election for City Councilman-at-large, Berghoff left politics for good, and returned to business. Berghoff held positions at Wayne Oil Tank and continued to serve as vice president of Summit City Bottle Works, renamed to "Rub-No-More Soap Company" in 1912, subsequent to his mayoralty.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Nancy Eileen|date=May 2013|title=The 1901 Fort Wayne, Indiana City Election: A Political Dialogue of Ethnic Tension|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46957744.pdf|access-date=2021-12-09}}</ref><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":6" /> Also subsequent to his mayoralty, Henry had more time to pay attention to the Berghoff Brewery in Fort Wayne. In 1909, a year after Hubert stepped down as vice president and manager of the Berghoff Brewing Company due to poor health, the company was reorganized, and its name was changed to the "Berghoff Brewing Association."<ref name=":11" /> On April 12, 1918, [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] began in Indiana, and production of Berghoff's Beer was halted. The Berghoff Brewing Association was renamed to "Berghoff Products" and "Brewers of Bergo Soft Drinks."<ref name=":11" /> Berghoff never lived to see the end of Prohibition in 1933, when alcoholic beer was brewed at the Berghoff Brewery once again.<ref name=":11" /> Berghoff died aged 69 on June 28, 1925, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, after suffering an apoplectic stroke three days before.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier from Lafayette, Indiana on June 29, 1925 · 1|url=http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/261954740/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=Newspapers.com|date=29 June 1925 |language=en}}</ref>


== Personal life and family ==
== Personal life and family ==

Revision as of 03:55, 28 September 2024

Henry C. Berghoff
19th Mayor of Fort Wayne
In office
May 9, 1901 – January 1, 1906
Preceded byHenry P. Scherer
Succeeded byWilliam J. Hosey
Personal details
BornJanuary 6, 1856
Dortmund, Kingdom of Prussia
DiedJune 28, 1925 (aged 69)
Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S.
CitizenshipAmerican
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseTheresa Mayer Berghoff (m. 1877)
Children9
OccupationPolitician, lawyer, businessman

Henry Carl Berghoff (January 6, 1856 – June 28, 1925) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman who cofounded the Herman Berghoff Brewing Company and served as the 19th Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana from May 9, 1901, to January 1, 1906.

Berghoff was born January 6, 1856, in Dortmund, Kingdom of Prussia (now Germany), and immigrated to the United States in 1872, settling in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He, along with his brothers, also German immigrants, founded the Herman Berghoff Brewing Company in 1887, and in 1888, they opened their first Berghoff Brewery in Fort Wayne, serving Berghoff’s Beer. Henry Berghoff became involved with and established various local businesses throughout his career, and also became involved with local Democratic politics in Fort Wayne, serving in various local political offices from 1885 to 1901, and mounting an unsuccessful campaign for Indiana State Treasurer in 1890. In 1893, he assisted the county sheriff in putting down a local riot.

In 1901, Berghoff received the Democratic nomination for mayor of Fort Wayne, and after a campaign in which his opponents harshly criticized his German background, was elected, taking office upon being sworn in on May 9 of that year. As mayor, Berghoff delivered a rousing speech praising German contributions to America at the 1901 Indiana District Turnfest, presided over the opening of the first electric interurban railroad in Fort Wayne in 1901, the completion and dedication of the current Allen County Courthouse in 1902, the completion of the South Wayne Sewer in 1902, a typhoid epidemic from 1903 to 1904, signed General Ordinance 223, which granted a municipal franchise to the Fort Wayne Electric Light and Power company, and appointed the first Fort Wayne Board of Parks Commissioners in 1905.

However, Berghoff came under controversy for his handling of an impending water famine in 1901, as well as his refusal to approve the bond of Robert B. Dreibelbiss for his appointment by Governor Winfield T. Durbin to the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court in 1902. In 1905, Berghoff founded the German-American National Bank, later renamed to the Lincoln National Bank due to anti-German sentiments during World War I. In late 1905, Berghoff received a Democratic nomination for City Councilman-at-large, however, he lost in the general election. Berghoff left office on January 1, 1906, after serving one four-and-a-half-year term as mayor of Fort Wayne (the only mayor of Fort Wayne to do so).

After his mayoralty, Berghoff returned to work in the Berghoff Brewery, and various other local businesses, for the rest of his life. Berghoff died on June 28, 1925, in Fort Wayne, after suffering an apoplectic stroke, survived by his wife and several children.

Early life

Skyline of Dortmund, Germany, where Berghoff was born on January 6, 1856.

Henry Carl Berghoff was born January 6, 1856, in Dortmund, Germany (then Prussia), the son of Franz Anton and Lizette (Boelhauve) Berghoff. Henry had five brothers (Theodor, Anton, Herman, Hubert, and Gustav) and one sister (Elizabeth). In Dortmund, Henry received a high school education, and held a job at a bank.[1] He worked at Cologne, for one of the largest banking institutions in Germany.[2] In 1872, Henry immigrated to the United States, and settled in Fort Wayne, Indiana.[1][3] Berghoff chose to settle in Fort Wayne supposedly after he was offered a job there when the train he was aboard made a stop in the city.[1][3] During the next few years after his arrival in the United States, he held a range of jobs as a clerk and a bookkeeper, and he also studied law.[1] In 1877, Henry married Theresa Mayer.[3]

Business and political career

The Berghoff Restaurant, which was founded by Henry's brother, Herman Berghoff, in Chicago in 1898.

Business career

In 1883, Berghoff and his brother Herman bought East End Bottling Works, a bottling company in Fort Wayne. In 1887, Henry and three of his brothers who had immigrated to the United States, Herman, Hubert, and Gustav, established the Herman Berghoff Brewing Company in Fort Wayne. Throughout the rest of his life, Henry served as secretary, vice president, and treasurer of the business. The brand of beer Henry and his brothers sold under the Herman Berghoff Brewing Company was known as "Berghoff’s Beer." In 1888, the brothers opened their first Berghoff Brewery in Fort Wayne. At the brewery, Berghoff's Beer was brewed and sold. On August 22, the brothers experienced a setback when the brewery caught fire, resulting in $50,000 in damages. Brewing resumed exactly a month later.[4] In 1892, Gustav purchased Summit City Bottle Works, where Henry served as vice president.[4][5] In 1898, Herman opened a restaurant called The Berghoff, in Chicago, where it is still open today. The restaurant served Berghoff's Beer.[1][3][4] Around this time, the name of the brother's brewing company was changed to the "Berghoff Brewing Company."[4]

Henry also entered into a partnership with Artificial Ice Company, was the proprietor of Globe Spice Mills, and was the treasurer of Phoenix Building and Savings Union.[1]

Early political career

Albert Gall, who defeated Berghoff for the position of Indiana State Treasurer in 1890

Berghoff, a Democrat, served as treasurer of Fort Wayne for three terms, from 1885 to 1891.[1][5] In 1890, he ran for Indiana State Treasurer, but lost to businessman Albert Gall.[6] On Memorial Day in 1893, Fort Wayne railway workers went on strike, demanding their pay be increased from thirteen and a half cents an hour to fifteen cents an hour. The workers quickly resorted to rioting. Sheriff E. F. Clausmeier appointed multiple civilians to the position of deputy sheriff to assist him in putting down the disturbances, among them Henry Berghoff. On June 2, Berghoff spoke at the meeting that was held to review measures to put down the riots. The rioting ended that day after the strikers’ demands of wage increase were met.[5] Berghoff returned to politics in 1896, serving as comptroller of Fort Wayne for two terms, from then until 1901.[1][5]

1901 Fort Wayne mayoral election

In April 1901, Berghoff received the Democratic nomination for mayor of Fort Wayne. The other nominees for mayor were Republican Charles Reese and Socialist Martin H. Wefel. The 1901 Fort Wayne Mayoral Election was very heated. During this time, Americans held unfavorable views towards Kaiser Wilhelm II and the German Empire, and so Berghoff was harshly criticized for his German birth by some leading Fort Wayne Republicans, and consequently, they were accused of xenophobia by members of the Democratic Party.[1] Despite the criticism of his heritage, Berghoff won the May 7, 1901 general election with 5176 of the 9209 votes cast.[1][5][7] He was sworn in two days later.[7]

Mayor of Fort Wayne

Administration

Henry C. Berghoff as Mayor of Fort Wayne

Berghoff, who succeeded Henry P. Scherer, served as mayor of Fort Wayne from May 9, 1901, to January 1, 1906.[5][8][9] Throughout his mayoralty, Berghoff, along with other city officials, annually wrote messages to the Common Council of Fort Wayne, informing them on the administrative business and condition of the city.[10][11][12][13] Immediately after taking office as mayor of Fort Wayne on May 9, 1901, Berghoff appointed W. H. Shambaugh as city attorney, Joseph Fox as comptroller, and Peter Eggeman, William Doehrmann, and Henry C. Zollinger as members of the Board of Public Works.[14]

1901 Indiana District Turnfest

On June 15, 1901, the biennial Indiana District Turnfest (a German gymnastic festival[15]) was held in Fort Wayne.[1] Over 3000 people, from Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Kentucky, of German and Anglo descent, attended the event.[1] Berghoff delivered a rousing speech at the event, praising Germans for their contributions to America, saying, "The Germans have done more toward the progress and up-building of this country in every avenue of commerce, of art, and of learning, than any or all other peoples on earth, and every intelligent American will admit it."[1][16] Berghoff, proud "in being a German," emboldened the audience, whom he referred to as "we Germans in America," to not forget their "mother tongue," to preserve "the customs of their fathers," and that they "may well feel proud of our nation."[1][16] Berghoff, after stating "we need not be ashamed of our ancestry," criticized those who avoided demonstrations of their German heritage: "Such do not deserve the name of Germans."[1][16] Berghoff claimed that a minimum of two thirds of Fort Wayne citizens were German, and believed this indicated that second and third generation German-Americans still harbored their German identity.[1][16] At the close of the Turnfest, The Journal Gazette claimed, "It will go down in history as the most successful ever held in the Indiana district."[1] Berghoff's identification as a German, instead of a German American, strengthened the image of Fort Wayne as an exemplar of ethnic acceptance.[1] Berghoff attained success without forgoing the cultural elements of his heritage or his ethnicity.[1][17]

City water

Berghoff’s decisions surrounding city water proved crucial and controversial. The first problem that Berghoff’s administration encountered was, in July 1901, the threat of a water famine in Fort Wayne, after a fire destroyed the city's reservoir.[11] He stated that he consulted with experts and local businessmen on what should be done to prevent the impending water famine, and they decided on increasing the pump capacity of Fort Wayne's two water plants.[11] A new air plant was installed at the first water plant, and a new 6 million gallon pump was installed at the second water plant.[11] Additionally, Berghoff ordered that the water from a canal basin flow into the main supply of the city's water for ten hours, in order to give the city a larger supply of water.[10][11] As a result of these new installations, he believed, "the needs of the city for many years to come" would be supplied (six or seven million gallons of water would be pumped through the two water plants a day, and 140 gallons of water a day would be pumped for each Fort Wayne citizen).[11] However, Berghoff and his administration came under scrutiny after the water from the canal basin polluted the city's water.[10][11] He accepted the blame for the pollution, arguing that the impending necessity for more water had justified his actions.[11]

St. Marys River in Fort Wayne, Indiana

In November 1903, water contaminated with typhoid bacteria from the St. Marys River entered Fort Wayne's main water supply, causing an outbreak of typhoid fever in Fort Wayne.[18] However, it was not until February 1904 that the City Health Commissioner, Dr. A. H. Macbeth, alerted the public about the presence of typhoid bacteria in their drinking water.[18] Despite there being over 80 new cases of typhoid fever in Fort Wayne, The Journal Gazette defended him, instead putting the blame for the typhoid fever outbreak on Republican waterworks trustees who had taken charge of the water plant in 1903.[18] However, journalist Jesse Greene, writing in The Fort Wayne Sentinel, stated that a 1900 city ordinance required the health commissioner, and not the waterworks trustees, to run weekly tests on the city's water.[18] Greene also called on Berghoff to demand Macbeth's resignation, which Berghoff did not do.[18] On March 26, 1904, Berghoff announced to Fort Wayne citizens that their drinking water was safe to drink again.[18] In the statement, Berghoff chose not to blame anyone, most notably the Republican waterworks officials, for the typhoid fever outbreak.[18]

Public works

Public works became a major focus of Berghoff’s administration. In September 1901, the first electric interurban railway in Fort Wayne, the Fort Wayne and Northern Indiana Traction Company line, was opened. This helped establish Fort Wayne as an important center of freight and passenger traffic in the Midwest.[5]

At the end of 1902, Berghoff officially announced the completion of the South Wayne Sewer.[11] The initiative to construct the South Wayne sewer began under his predecessor.[11] Berghoff prescribed that lateral drains attached to the sewer also be constructed, so that, in his own words, "the people could have the benefit of this outlet."[12] However, the construction of the South Wayne Sewer, which he believed "ought to have been constructed several years before," was heavily criticized.[10][11] Nevertheless, he hailed the South Wayne Sewer as being "first-class in every respect,"[11] and in his annual message at the end of 1903, Berghoff commended it as having "gave relief as an outlet to the whole of South Wayne, as well as the territory in the southern, southwestern and western part of the city." Remarking on the public popularity of the sewer, he stated, "It was thought that the building of the Intercepting and South Wayne Sewers would bankrupt the city, but when the work was completed and the purposes of them enjoyed, the people ceased to complain."[12] Because of this, he affirmed, the cleanliness of Fort Wayne had been greatly improved.[12]

The Allen County Courthouse, which was dedicated in September 1902 with Mayor Berghoff present

Berghoff also presided over the completion of the construction of the Allen County Courthouse in Fort Wayne in 1902. The construction of the courthouse costed, in total, $817,553.59. The construction of the courthouse began on November 17, 1897, during the mayoralty of Berghoff's predecessor. The courthouse was built by architect Brentwood S. Tolan.[19][20][21][22] On September 23, 1902, the Allen County Courthouse was dedicated, and Berghoff was present at the courthouse's dedication ceremonies.[19] Governor Winfield T. Durbin attended the dedication ceremonies, and President Theodore Roosevelt was scheduled to be present as well, although he ultimately did not attend.[19][20][21][22][23]

In Berghoff's annual message at the end of 1903, he indicated that more work had been done for public works than any year prior in the city’s history (that year, more than 4.16 miles of street improvements had been made, nine and a half miles of sewer laid, public bridges were repaired and painted, and the Garbage Crematory that had burned down had been rebuilt).[12]

Berghoff had been in favor of constructing a municipal lighting plant (which the city of Fort Wayne would own and operate) throughout his political career, believing it to be Fort Wayne's most important priority (at the time, it was considered a popular idea among Fort Wayne citizens to construct a municipal lighting plant).[24] However, during the first years of his mayoralty, he had gradually changed his position, and in 1903, decided against the construction of a municipal plant, instead opting for a privately owned corporation to be the city's main lighting supply, stating, "there is so much corruption in American cities that public utilities can be more economically managed by private corporations."[24] On February 12, 1904, Berghoff, with the approval of the Fort Wayne City Council, signed General Ordinance 223, which granted a 31-year contract for a municipal lighting franchise to the Fort Wayne Electric Light and Power company, a private corporation.[25] The Fort Wayne Sentinel criticized his actions as having "broke faith with the people."[24] However, the Fort Wayne News praised the new franchise, stating, "its work will meet the entire approval of the people," and that a majority of the people supported the franchise.[26] The Fort Wayne News also stated their belief that the then-current cost of electricity would be less under the franchise.[26] The construction of a municipal lighting plant was later begun in 1906, and the plant was opened in 1908, all during the mayoralty of Berghoff's successor, William J. Hosey.[5]

In April 1905, Berghoff appointed the first Fort Wayne Board of Park Commissioners.[5][27]

State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff

Governor Winfield T. Durbin, who appointed Robert Dreibelbiss to the Fort Wayne Municipal Court

In April 1902, Berghoff was involved in a legal controversy when the Indiana State Supreme Court, ruling against Berghoff in State, ex. rel., v. Berghoff,[28] declared valid the appointment made by Indiana Governor Winfield T. Durbin of Robert B. Dreibelbiss. A Republican, Dreibelbiss had received an appointment as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, after the previous judge, George W. Louttit, a Democrat, had been removed from the bench on the grounds that the office had been created two days after the latter’s election to the position.[5][28] Berghoff, believing the grounds for Louttit's removal were unconstitutional and illegitimate, refused to approve Dreibelbiss’ official bond required by law to serve as judge of the Fort Wayne Municipal (Police) Court, effectively blocking his appointment.[5][28] In the Indiana Circuit Court, Berghoff's opinion was upheld, although upon further review in the Indiana Supreme Court, it was decided the governor's appointment was valid, as mentioned earlier.[5][28]

Other mayoral activities

In his annual message at the end of 1902, Berghoff stated that, from the beginning of his mayoralty, he had taken unprecedented actions to restrict immorality and crime as much as possible in Fort Wayne. He ordered the removal of wine rooms from saloons, the prohibition of those of bad character from entering saloons, and the removal of notorious places from Fort Wayne's business district. Berghoff also ordered the removal of gambling devices from public places in Fort Wayne.[11]

On July 14, 1904, Berghoff addressed the Indiana State Bar Association at its eighth annual meeting held in Fort Wayne, where he was hailed as "the best mayor of the best city in America" by the association's president, William P. Breen.[29]

On August 9, 1904, Berghoff was involved in a physical altercation with a saloon keeper named Willis Doolittle, with the latter being upset that his petition for a new license had been opposed by the mayor with his filing of a remonstrance. After Doolittle had become aggressive, Berghoff shoved him against a balcony rail. Doolittle claimed a possible fall could have killed him, and wanted to arrest the mayor on charges of assault and battery with intent to kill. However, Allen County Prosecutor Underwood refused to prosecute Berghoff.[30]

Lincoln Bank Tower, Fort Wayne, Indiana

In 1905, Berghoff assisted in the creation of the German-American National Bank, where he served as head cashier.[1][5] During World War I, it was renamed to "Lincoln National Bank" due to anti-German sentiment.[31]

Run for City Councilman-at-large

Berghoff, deciding against running for re-election, chose to pursue the Democratic nomination for City Councilman-at-large in September 1905. Five at-large seats were up for election, and thus five candidates from each party were nominated. He received one of the nominations.[24][32] Berghoff's candidacy was heavily criticized by the News Sentinel.[24] Municipal elections, including the election for mayor, were held on November 7, 1905, and Berghoff lost the general election, receiving 3,876 votes, which were the third least.[33]

In the 1905 mayoral election, Berghoff, choosing not to seek re-election, endorsed Democratic City Councilman William J. Hosey,[34] who won the election. Hosey received 6157 votes, with his opponent, Republican Edward White, receiving 4881 votes.[5][35] At the end of 1905, Mayor-elect Hosey wrote the Annual Mayor's Message, instead of Berghoff, who was the incumbent mayor at the time.[36]

1906

William J. Hosey, Berghoff’s successor as Mayor

Berghoff, after serving one four-and-a-half-year term as mayor (the only mayor of Fort Wayne to do so),[4] left office at noon on January 1, 1906, and was succeeded by William J. Hosey.[5][8][37][9] Before leaving office, Berghoff warned Hosey that the mayoralty was no "bed of roses.” After being sworn in, Hosey paid tribute to the outgoing administration, expressing his hope that his administration would be as clean as his predecessor’s.[37][38]

Later life and death

After serving as mayor of Fort Wayne, and losing election for City Councilman-at-large, Berghoff left politics for good, and returned to business. Berghoff held positions at Wayne Oil Tank and continued to serve as vice president of Summit City Bottle Works, renamed to "Rub-No-More Soap Company" in 1912, subsequent to his mayoralty.[1][4][5] Also subsequent to his mayoralty, Henry had more time to pay attention to the Berghoff Brewery in Fort Wayne. In 1909, a year after Hubert stepped down as vice president and manager of the Berghoff Brewing Company due to poor health, the company was reorganized, and its name was changed to the "Berghoff Brewing Association."[4] On April 12, 1918, Prohibition began in Indiana, and production of Berghoff's Beer was halted. The Berghoff Brewing Association was renamed to "Berghoff Products" and "Brewers of Bergo Soft Drinks."[4] Berghoff never lived to see the end of Prohibition in 1933, when alcoholic beer was brewed at the Berghoff Brewery once again.[4] Berghoff died aged 69 on June 28, 1925, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, after suffering an apoplectic stroke three days before.[39]

Personal life and family

St. Mary's Catholic Church, where Berghoff was a parishioner.

Berghoff styled his silver hair in a Bismarckian fashion, and also had a distinguished moustache.[34] He ended all his speeches by saying "God Bless the brave founders of our state."[34]

Berghoff, a Catholic, was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church, the Holy Name Society, the Knights of Columbus, and the Catholic Knights of America.[1] Berghoff and his wife had nine children. Berghoff's daughter, Elsie, was married to Edward C. Ehrman, the son of Edward J. Ehrman, who was a Fort Wayne City Councilman from 1898 to 1902, and Manager of Postal Telegraph Company.[5] Berghoff's son, Fred, served as Chairman of the Fort Wayne Board of Public Safety, and another of his sons, Raymond, served as Allen County Coroner.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Brown, Nancy Eileen (May 2013). "The 1901 Fort Wayne, Indiana City Election: A Political Dialogue of Ethnic Tension" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  2. ^ "Apr 04, 1901, page 2 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  3. ^ a b c d Berghoff, Carlyn (2011-08-15). The Berghoff Family Cookbook: From Our Table to Yours, Celebrating a Century of Entertaining. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7407-9321-9.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Berghoff Brewery". FORT WAYNE BEER. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Griswold, Bert Joseph (1917). The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne, Indiana: A Review of Two Centuries of Occupation of the Region about the Head of the Maumee River. Robert O. Law Company.
  6. ^ "Indianapolis Journal 23 July 1890 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program". newspapers.library.in.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  7. ^ a b "8 May 1901, Page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  8. ^ a b "Fort Wayne Mayors - City of Fort Wayne". www.cityoffortwayne.org. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  9. ^ a b "Jan 01, 1906, page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  10. ^ a b c d Wayne (Ind.), Fort (1901). Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wayne (Ind.), Fort (1902). Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...
  12. ^ a b c d e Wayne (Ind.), Fort (1903). Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...
  13. ^ Wayne (Ind.), Fort (1904). Annual Message of ... [the] Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana: With Annual Reports of Heads of Departments, of the City Government,...
  14. ^ "Indianapolis News 10 May 1901 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program". newspapers.library.in.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  15. ^ "Turnfest | German festival | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  16. ^ a b c d "Challenging Economic Borders: Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Chemnitz, Germany". scholarworks.iu.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  17. ^ "16 Jun 1901, Page 6 - The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Seigel, Peggy (December 2017). "A "Fearless Editor" in a Changing World: Fort wayne's Jesse Greene".
  19. ^ a b c Griswold, Bert Joseph (1917). The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne, Indiana: A Review of Two Centuries of Occupation of the Region about the Head of the Maumee River. Robert O. Law Company.
  20. ^ a b "emporis.com". Archived from the original on March 20, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ a b Director, Executive (2014-10-22). "Allen County Courthouse". ARCH. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  22. ^ a b "Our Story | Allen County Courthouse". www.allencountycourthouse.org. 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  23. ^ "Allen County- Fort Wayne (1902-)". Courthousery. 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  24. ^ a b c d e "19 Oct 1905, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  25. ^ "2 Mar 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  26. ^ a b "29 Jan 1904, Page 8 - The Fort Wayne News at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  27. ^ "History - Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation". www.fortwayneparks.org. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  28. ^ a b c d Court, Indiana Supreme; Carter, Horace E.; Porter, Albert Gallatin; Tanner, Gordon; Harrison, Benjamin; Kerr, Michael Crawford; Black, James Buckley; Martin, Augustus Newton; Kern, John Worth (1903). Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of Indiana. Bobbs-Merrill Company.
  29. ^ Report of the annual meeting. 1904.
  30. ^ "Aug 09, 1904, page 2 - The South Bend Tribune at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  31. ^ "Berghoff Brewery C. 1930". www.fortwaynereader.com. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  32. ^ "20 Sep 1905, Page 4 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  33. ^ "8 Nov 1905, Page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  34. ^ a b c History of Fort Wayne & Allen County, Indiana, 1700-2005. M.T. Publishing Company, Incorporated. 2006. ISBN 978-1-932439-44-1.
  35. ^ "28 Oct 1905, Page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  36. ^ "Page 1". mdon.library.pfw.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  37. ^ a b Quest Club (Fort Wayne, Ind ) (1994). The Quest for Fort Wayne : an anthology of papers about Fort Wayne, Indiana. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. Fort Wayne, Ind. : Allen County Public Library.
  38. ^ "Jan 01, 1906, page 1 - The Fort Wayne Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  39. ^ "Journal and Courier from Lafayette, Indiana on June 29, 1925 · 1". Newspapers.com. 29 June 1925. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
Political offices
Preceded by
Henry P. Scherer
 Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana
May 9, 1901 — January 1, 1906 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_C._Berghoff&oldid=1248183502"