Olena Teliha

Olena Teliha
Native name	Олена Іванівна Теліга
Born	July 21, 1906 Ilyinskoye, Moscow Governorate, Russia
Died	February 21, 1942(1942-02-21) (aged 35) Babi Yar, Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Occupation	Poet and writer
Nationality	Ukrainian

Olena Ivanivna Teliha (Template:Lang-uk; July 21, 1906 – February 21, 1942) was a Ukrainian poet and activist of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) of Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnicity.

Biography

Olena Teliha was born in the village of Ilyinskoye, near Moscow in Russia where her parents spent summer vacations. There are several villages by this name in that area, and it is unknown exactly which one of them is Olena Teliha's birthplace. Her father was a civil engineer while her mother came from a family of Russian Orthodox priests. In 1918, she moved to Kyiv with her family, when her father became a minister in the new UNR government. There they lived through the years of Ukrainian War of Independence. When the Bolsheviks took over, her father moved to Czechoslovakia, and the rest of the family followed him in 1923. After living through the rise and fall of Ukrainian National Republic, Olena took an avid interest in Ukrainian language and literature. In Prague, she attended a Ukrainian teacher's college where she studied history and philology. She met a group of young Ukrainian poets in Prague and started writing poetry herself. After her marriage, she moved to Warsaw, Poland, where she lived until the start of the Second World War. In 1939, like many of the young Ukrainians with whom she associated, Olena Teliha became a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, within which she became an activist in cultural and educational matters.

Fingers breaking – long and slender, To tear up habits like old cats, To take up weapons from your hand And strike hard where a hard strike is needed.

O. Teliha, "Answer"

In 1941, Olena and her husband Mykhailo Teliha (whom she met and married in Czechoslovakia) moved back to Nazi-occupied Kyiv, where she expanded her work as a literal and cultural activist, heading the Ukrainian Writers' Guild and editing a weekly cultural and arts newspaper "Litavry". A lot of her activities were in open defiance of the Nazi authorities. She watched her closest colleagues from the parent-newspaper "Ukrainian Word" ("Ukrayins'ke Slovo") get arrested and yet chose to ignore the dangers. She refused to flee, declaring that she would never again go into exile.

She was finally arrested by the Gestapo and executed, aged 35, in Babi Yar in Kyiv along with her husband. In the prison cell where she stayed, her last written words were scribbled on the wall: "Here was interred and from here goes to her death Olena Teliha".

According to Ukraine's Foreign Ministry Borys Zakharchuk, Teliha and the editors of "Ukrainian Word" were murdered because they helped to save some Jews. According to historian Per Anders Rudling the same newspaper released strong antisemitic material during the pogrom in September-October 1941 in Kyiv. He also stated that there is not evidence that Teliha was shot at Babi Yar and that the story emerged only in the 1970s.

Ideology

Olena Teliha together with Ulas Samchuk in Lviv.

Historians Efraim Zuroff and Per Anders Rudling report that Teliha was an enthusiastic admirer of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini and was in favor of the establishment of a totalitarian government in Ukraine.

Historian Myroslav Shkandrij reports that in 1936 Teliha followed Ukrainian nationalist Dmytro Dontsov's line on support for Hitler, commenting on the Führer's assassination of Ernst Röhm during the so-called “Night of the Long Knives” of 1934: "What is strange about this? After all, even Christ had to take a whip to his ‘own’ race to drive his ‘blood brothers’ out of the temple." Speaking of Machiavelli, Mussolini, and Hitler, Teliha stated that "were not always merciful and tender in reeducating their ‘blood brothers’"

Poetry

• "Only the evening flies over the city"
• Joy
• Abroad
• Life
• To men
• I. Someone else's spring
• II. Sleepy day
• III. Blazing day
• Everlasting
• Turn
• Tango
• Cossack
• Travel
• "No need for words. Let there be only business..."
• Summer
• Loyalty
• "The night was turbulent and dim..."
• "My soul and a dark drink..."
• "Not love, not a whim and not an adventure..."
• To a man
• "Sharp eyes open in the dark..."
• "Today every step would like to be a waltz..."
• A unique holiday
• On the fifth floor
• "They wave their hand! Pour the wine..."
• Reply
• "I will not forgive the hand that hit me..."
• Immortal
• Fifteenth autumn
• Evening song
• Black square
• Letter
• "Everything - but not this! Not these peaceful days..."
• On the eve [Two sonnets]
• A sunny memory
• 1933—1939
• Convicted

Remembrance

Wooden cross in Babi Yar in memory of Olena Teliha and other Ukrainian nationalists executed there in 1942

On July 19, 2007 the National bank of Ukraine issued a commemorative coin dedicated to Olena Teliha.

On 25 February 2017 a monument to Teliha was unveiled at Babi Yar. The monument was consecrated by head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate Patriarch Filaret. The Ukrainian authorities erected the monument at the site where 33,000 Kiev Jews were massacred in 1941, a year before Teliha was killed, an event that will be remembered as the “Babi Yar massacre”. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Zakharchuk stated that Teliha and the editors of Ukrainian World were killed because they had helped save some Jews. Historian Per Anders Rudling points out, however, that the same newspaper published strongly anti-Semitic material during the September-October 1941 pogrom in Kiev. Rudling also stated that there is no evidence that Teliha was shot in Babi Yar and that the story emerged only in the 1970s.

See also

• List of Ukrainians
• Culture of Ukraine
• Ukrainian literature

External links

• Olena Teliha's poems. (in Ukrainian)