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==Recognition of the Karmapa==
As with any other lineage of tulkus, the question of recognizing the new [[Rebirth (Buddhist)|incarnation]] is crucial. Sometimes, all concerned parties are sure that a particular child is indeed the new incarnation of that particular master. Such agreement was not the case with the 8th, 10th, and 12th Karmapas (each of which was resolved).<ref>[http://www.rinpoche.com/controversy.htm The Karmapa Controversy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A dispute has happened again in the case of the 17th Karmapa.
All concerned parties were agreed upon identifying Ogyen Trinley Dorje as a 17th Karmapa as long ago as June 1992, however [[Mipham Chokyi Lodro]] (the 14th Sharmapa) subsequently changed his mind and ever since has been the only one of the four chief lineage holders recognised by the 16th Karmapa or Ogyen Trinley Dorje to insist upon identifying an alternative person as a 17th Karmapa.<ref>http://www.karmapa-issue.org/arguments/historic_meeting.htm Statement of Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche Concerning His Meeting with H.H. the Dalai Lama On June 20, 2000</ref><ref>http://www.kagyuoffice.org/karmapa.reference.confirmation.920617shrletter.html Shamar Rinpoche Letter of June 17, 1992 concurring with Dalai Lama's recognition of Orgyen Trinley Dorje as 17th Karmapa</ref>
[[Karmapa]]s have often been self-recognizing. That means that many incarnations (at least seven out of sixteen){{Fact|date=February 2007}} claimed very early in life to be Karmapa, recognizing associates and colleagues of the previous incarnation. Also, each Karmapa has left indications leading to his next re-birth, often in the form of a letter. In such letters, indications regarding the location and parentage of the next incarnation were included, though usually in a poetic form that is difficult to decipher. However, the closest associates of the previous incarnation play a crucial role in the process of recognizing the next Karmapa. After all, it is they who have been closely associated with the previous incarnation and will have to raise and teach the new one.
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Samuel points out that, in the cases of the 7th and 13th Karmapas, the Shamarpa of that time had died at around the same time as the previous Karmapa, meaning that there was no adult Shamarpa available to take part in the recognition. Thus, Samuel argues that "the only real exception" to the Shamarpa's preeminent role, prior to his banning, was in the recognition of the 8th Karmapa in [[1506]].<ref name="samuel"/> Tai Situ has been the next most actively involved in recognising Karmapas, including two of the three recognised between 1790 and 1963.
==1986 prediction letter fraud==
All four senior lineage holders (the Shamarpa, the Tai Situpa, Jamgon Kongtrul, and Goshir Gyaltsab) in 1986 conspired to deceived their followers about the existence of a reincarnation prediction letter from the 16th Karmapa. As one historian has related:<blockquote>Ever since His Holiness passed away in 1981, the four [Karmapa regents] had been devotedly searching for [his] written instructions about his next incarnation. ... One day they came across a special gau -a relic box- that belonged to His Holiness; they fixed it on the altar and ... stated that they had found the prediction letter inside it. Feeling a bit guilty that people would prostrate to an empty box, they decided to place one of Karmapa's texts, a poem or something spiritual in the gau. Gyaltsab Rinpoche knew a four-verse meditation prayer that His Holiness had composed at his request. Jamgon Kongtrul wrote it down and the four put it in the relic case ... [T]he regents announced they had located [it] in 1986.
They had simply recalled a poem, copied it, and placed it in a box. As some people well remembered, the lineage holders claimed to have discovered two letters, one inside the other ... Subsequently, they had engaged the whole Kagyu world in scrupulous rites and infinite mantras to allow for the second letter to be opened. However, it was all a product of their fantasy. The first and the second letter didn't exist.<ref>At p.60 of "{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =The Karmapa Controversy - A Compilation of Information | date = March 2002 | url =http://karmapa.controverse.free.fr/VA/VA-CONTROVERSE.PDF | format = PDF | accessdate =06-20-2008}}</ref> </blockquote>
==Split recognition of the current Karmapa==
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