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When was the term Newfie first used and by whom?

The Americans have been accused of creating the term Newfie because the nickname "The Newfie Bullet" was coined by one of the soldiers. However, it seems in your article that the term was in use around 1854 during the Dominion of Newfoundland government and used by Canadians. Am I miss reading your article? Are there any articles publishing using the term before the Americans took over Argentia in 1941? An Argentia Decendent

I'm just going to the library, so I'll check the OED for you. Hopefully it'll have an earliest-recorded citation. Back in an hour or two. Shimgray 14:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of "Newfie"/"Newfier" is in American Thesaurus of Slang(?), 1942 - it may have been about before this, but not in print. Interestingly, for the first ten or fifteen years, it seems to have been used equally to refer to the people and the province - there's quotes about "sailing off Newfie" and the like. Hope that helps; I've updated the article. Shimgray 14:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

I'll check my Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles when I get home today. I doubt it'd contain an earlier cite than the OED but stranger things have happened. — mendel ☎ 15:42, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

If you do find an earlier one, do let them know ;-) Shimgray 20:57, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Of course, I promptly forgot about this until now, but for completeness: first Canadian citation for the "Newfoundland" sense listed is 1945, and first for a resident thereof is 1958 (and then in scare quotes). — mendel ☎ 04:41, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

dates

I am looking for specific information that perhaps I'm not searching correctly on. 

Question 1. What was the earliest date recorded that Humans were on this earth.

question 2.

What date did civilization arise in Mesopotama

Question 3:

What is the date of the oldest pyramid built in Egypt. When was it built and what is the oldest pyramid and date the last one was built.

da

• I'm not sure about the first two questions, but if my reference books are of any use, I might be able to help with #3 within 48 hours. - Mgm|^(talk) 21:29, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
  • For #3, the first pyramid is usually cited as Pyramid of Djoser, built some time around 2600 BC by Imhotep. But that was just a step pyramid meaning it was many mastabas stacked on top of each other. There were many other kinds of pyramids, but the most recognizable ones (like at Giza) were built about a hundred years late. Dmcdevit·t 21:47, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
• Q1: Assuming you mean homo sapiens not earlier forms of homo, c. 70,000 - 130,000 years ago depending on whose fossils you like best

Q2: c. 5000 BC, see Ubaid period adamsan 18:45, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Worzel Gummidge song

What are the complete lyrics to the Worzel Gummidge song? I know it began with "You put a Wor after 'W' and a Wor after 'O', a Wor after 'R' and away you go..." - but that's all I can remember. Jooler 00:50, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Listen to the theme song here, maybe that helps. Lupo 07:13, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

That doesn';t help. I know the tune! - I don't remember all the words. Jooler 09:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

I have no reason to trust this post to a newsgroup, but it's all I've got:

Till mother Nature ends,
I'll be Worzel,
To 'me friends,
And just like John and Sue,
you must Speak my language too.
Not yakkety if you please,
you must speak in Worzelese.
........
You put a Wor after W,
and a Wor after O,
a Wor after R,
and it's away we go.
You put a Wor after Z,
a Wor after E,
a Wor after L,
A zel after Wor,
and you're left.....With me!

• From half way down this thread, --bodnotbod 16:09, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

1990 Grammy Awards Best New Artist Nominees

I am wanting to ask for help in finding who the nominees for Best new artist were in 1990. That's the year that Milli Vanilli had their Grammy for this category taken away.

According to [1] the other nominees were Neneh Cherry, Indigo Girls, Soul II Soul and Tone Loc. Thryduulf 09:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Saints

HI. Does a saint have to be Christian? Can people from, for example buddhism, be a saint?

Often the term saint is used for holy men and women of any religion: Muslim saints, Buddhist saints and so forth. However, strictly speaking, the term belongs to Christian churches. The Roman Catholic Church has a very clear process of canonization (confering sainthood). Other churches have saints, but have no clear process of assigning people as such: they usually become saints after centuries of popular tradition as such. Some churches reject the notion of sainthood entirely, or use the term to refer to all believers. Thus, official status is dependent on certain church authorities and is always used of a Christian person, but loosely the term might refer to anyone considered holy in any religion. See saint for more information. Gareth Hughes 12:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Soldier's Medal

I would like to know how many Soldier's Medals have been issued since the end of World War II.

I would like the same number regarding Congressional Medals of Honor.

I am writing an article on the Soldier's Medal (which I hold) and I think they are not awarded frequently. The two figures I ask for here may prove or disprove that notion.

Thank you peter t macy

The CMH has been awarded several times since WWII, but a lot of those were "upgrades" - medals which were retroactively awarded, mostly for WWII service. 379 have been awarded for wartime service since the end of WWII, and possibly a couple more in minor conflicts but I don't have statistics on that.

It's a lot harder to find figures for the Soldier's Medal, but this .doc file may help; it shows 236 Medals of Honor since WWII versus 6,095 Soldier's Medals. These figures are for the Army only, but the USAF and USN probably issue medals proportionally - so, at a guess, about 9,500 Soldier's Medals give or take a thousand?

You may find it useful to study that file anyway, to get an idea of the relative numbers awarded compared to other decorations. Shimgray 13:23, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Florins

I am looking to find out what the value of an item costing 100 florins in 1788,(what a florin was worth then in £'s) and what the value of 100 florins in 1788 would be equal to today. thank you mark

• Are you referring to English coin Florin or Double Leopard or perhaps the Dutch Guilder? - 82.172.23.66 22:13, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
  • Very much doubt he'd be refering to either of the English Florins, as the first only existed in the fourteenth century and the latter only came into existence in the nineteenth. So almost certainly the Dutch coin
  • [2] says 100 fl. ~ £9, and via [3] that'd be about eight hundred pounds today give or take a hundred - historical purchasing power estimates are notoriously inaccurate. Shimgray 22:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

name of sculptor with the initials H> L> M>

List of sculptors does not seem to have a candidate. MeltBanana 23:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

typo correction needed

the name for saudi royal family member khalid bin sultan bin abdulaziz al-saud is mis-typed. see the page below:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_bin_Sultan

his name is "khalid," not "khakid."

Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs changing, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit any article by simply following the Edit this page link. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to...) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or try out the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome.. Thryduulf 20:44, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

COUNTRIES WITHOUT AN EXTRADITION TREATY WITH THE USA

I AM TRYING TO FIND A LIST OF THE COUNTRIES THAT CURRENTLY DO NOT HAVE AN EXTRADITION TREATY WITH THE US. I UNDERSTAND THERE TO BE AT LEAST 50. CAN SOMEONE HELP ME?

First tell us what you did. David Sneek 17:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC) (p.s.: [4])

hahhahahahahahahahah --81.154.236.221 23:39, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

And please read the instructions for posting a question... caps lock is annoying.

Countries which think that they don't have an extradition treaty with the US? It's officially kidnap when the CIA arrests you abroad [5], not that that stops anybody. Ojw 23:12, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

At the risk of sounding (whatever)...from the looks of it, our anonymous poster may not be very Wiki-savvy--therefore let's not forget the obvious of recommending that s/he check Extradition. ~ Dpr 07:09, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Contract for benefit of a third party

1. .I want to know of differant kinds of pre-incorporated contracts and the differance detween them.
2. .Please tell me of the potencial liability that a company would face if it fails to incorporate,a contract for the benefit of the third party.
3. .How differant is commercal law from country to country,is it only the case studdies that are differant.
4. .Why is it so important to begging answearing your question by stating the genral law first.

Could you please rephrase the question. I don't understand the begging part. hydnjo talk 23:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

This looks like homework for an intro law class, so why not look in your textbook, or at your class notes? - Taxman ^Talk 17:23, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Shareholder responsibility, highjacking corporations, and asking difficult questions...

I was having a conversation with a lawyer friend of mine a while back. She was telling me about a group of concerned citizens associated with an egalitarian & environmentalist NGO who decided one day to go and buy a lot of shares in Unilever or Altria or some corporation like that, just so they could turn up to the shareholders' meeting and ask the board 'difficult questions'. No doubt questions like 'why are you polluting such-and-such a river / why are you exploiting these labourors / etc'.

So my question is this: Is there a buzzword describing this? I thought I remembered my lawyer friend calling it something specific, but all I could think of is 'shareholder responsibility', which isn't really correct... it's more like 'a hostile exploitation of the corporation's quasi-democratic organisation used to pervert the course of their activities'. Is there a buzzword for that?? --81.154.236.221 23:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I suddenly remembered the word 'Entryism'... I guess that's a good approximation, there might be something more specific though.

• I would use the term "shareholder activism," but it sounds like you're looking for a term with more hostile connotations. --Metropolitan90 03:22, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

I've never heard "entryism" used in this context. The people who ask such questions and who sponsor shareholder resolutions about corporate practices wouldn't consider it "hostile" or an attempt to "pervert" the organization. They usually call it "shareholder activism" seeking to enforce "corporate responsibility" or "corporate accountability". The people polluting the river and exploiting the laborers refer to it as "kooks at the annual meeting". JamesMLane 05:27, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Phrase history: "You are here" --->

Dear Wikipedia Folks,

On which map was the phrase "You are here" first used and who created it? I have seen that phrase, usually with a little arrow pointing to a spot, placed on everything from a photo of a spiral galaxy to a timeline of dinosaurs. I can remember it as far back as the early 1980's. Also, is it at all related to the much earlier phrase "we are here, we are here, we are here!" yelled by the character's in Dr Seuss' Horton Hears a Who?

Thank You, Tanja

The French Revolution

I'm writing a conspiracy theory story for my English project . I plan my story to be about the involvement of the Illuminati in the Bastille/French Revolution . Basically , it will be something like Dan Brown 's "The Da Vinci Code" novel .

Can I have information about :

a) The geography of the Bastille building and its surroundings during the revolution period.

b) The weaponry used in that period . (So that I can plan an action sequence in my novel)

c) The level of scientific progress achieved in that period . In particular , I would like to know whether they already used electricity at that time , their communication devises available and their common methods of transportation .

d) The activities of the Illuminati and the churches in France at that time .

e) The customs of the French people in that period . In particular , I would like to know what ordinary citizens wear as clothing , what their typical meals are , what are their typical jobs and also their typical habits in day-to-day life during that period .

f) The situation in America at that time . Also , what did the French know about Americans/Europeans/Asians at that time ?

Thank you very much for your help ! James Chan .

Have you checked out our French Revolution article? You can probably find most of the information you're looking for there, and on the articles it links to. Also, note that using spaces before punctuation like that is not proper. Garrett Albright 07:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

john f kennedy speeches

In which speech did JFK say and was it in regard to sending troops to Vietnam? "Those who make peaceful revolution impossible, make violent revolution inevitable." John F. Kennedy (1917 - 1963), In a speech at the White House, 1962

Thanks

According to our friends at Wikiquote it is from a speech to Latin American diplomats at the White House (12 March 1962). David Sneek 07:38, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Veils in weddings

In a traditional (western) wedding, which is more common: that the father of the bride leads the bride down the aisle with her veil down, and then lifts it up for the groom, or he leads her down with the veil back, and then puts it over her face for the groom (who then lifts it up to kiss the bride)? Or some other variation? — Asbestos | Talk (RFC) 08:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Well, if both my sisters had traditional Western weddings, the veil is down when she starts up the aisle with her father and it stays down until it's time for the groom to kiss the bride, at which time the bride lifts it. --Angr/_{tɔk tə mi} 10:22, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

There are a few variations of this. Angr's version is perhaps the more traditional in that the bride remains veiled until she is married to the groom. More often, she is unveiled at the moment she meets the groom (pardon the sexism: showing the goods), but is veiled upon entering the church. However, there is always a lot of faff around weddings, and I've seen brides enter the church unveiled, see te groom and pull the veil down (maybe he's just too ugly!). Sometimes the bride's father will lift the veil, and perhaps kiss his daughter before presenting her to be married. Otherwise, the groom lifts the veil. Because looking good is more important than symbolism these days, a bridesmaid sometimes lifts the veil to make sure that it's done right. Gareth Hughes 11:20, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Nikola Tesla

Good morning, afternoon or evening,

When I typed in Google search engine "Nikola Tesla" one of the pages I was refered to was Wikipedia, saying: Nikola Tesla was a Proud Croat! (I got the biggest kick out of the capital P) Well, where to begin? Do I really want to begin? Nikola Tesla was a Serb or a serb. He may have been proud or Proud. But he was not a Croat nor a croat. America is sometimes, if not often, spelled america.

Thanks for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to change it. You can edit almost any article on Wikipedia by just following the Edit link at the top of the page. We encourage you to be bold in updating pages, because wikis like ours develop faster when everybody edits. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. You can always preview your edits before you publish them or test them out in the sandbox. If you need additional help, check out our getting started page or ask the friendly folks at the Teahouse. --Angr/_{tɔk tə mi} 11:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Good lord, telling someone to just jump in to that mess can't be a good idea. Adam Bishop 03:42, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, that gave me a good laugh. You want to send someone unfamiliar with Wikipedia into one of the longest running, most violent disagreements in Wikipedia history? To the asker, basically Tesla's ethnic group/nationality is highly contested, so what you saw may have been a short term result of that dispute. Some Wikipedia articles change quickly. If you would like to discuss the issue, click on the "discussion" tab above the article, then edit the page and leave a response at the bottom. However, you may be more interested in some of our less hotly contested areas instead. - Taxman ^Talk 17:11, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Need info on French Artist: Henri Cheriot (spelling?)

I am a real estate agent in Orlando, Florida. I have a client whose house was built in 1923 on Lake Gatlin. A French Artist named Henri Cheriot or Chariot, lived there at some point. There a sculptures by him used as architectural detail throughout the house (Chimney, Small Unicorn on wall). His initials are engraved on the fireplace. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Jeannie Clarke

Who designed the Rolling Stones Lips & Tongue logo?

Greetings:

I'm looking to clear up a discrepency re: the Rolling Stones Lips & Tongue logo. I'm writing an article about rock band logo design, and it is widely reported that Andy Warhol indeed designed the Rolling Stones iconic "Lips & Tongue" logo. He supposedly did the design when the Stones contract w/ Decca records expired and when they founded their own label -- the imaginatively titled Rolling Stones Records. This all happened during the recording of Sticky Fingers. The logo was originally intended to be the record label's logo... but was later co-opted as the band's.

I've found differing reports stating the Andy Warhol DID design the logo, and that he DIDN't design the logo. I actually called the Warhol museum in Pittsburgh to clarify, by the curator who knows the answer is on vacation for sometime.

Any help? Please?

Thanks so much.

Matthew Newton mr.newton@gmail.com

• Accoridng to The Rolling Stones, it was designed by John Pasch. Zoe 20:32, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

• The notes to Sticky Fingers credits Warhol only with "Cover Concept/Photography". It says nothing about the lips and tongue (which debuted in the same album sleeve). --Fastfission 23:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

New Orleans City Planning History

How were portions of New Orleans built below sea level? Did these areas sink? Did they drain and/or excavate after building levees? Are below-sea-level-portions of the city built on drained parts of The Mississippi River or Lake Pontchartrain?

Any information would be much appreciated.

Thank you,

Neil Higgins

I don't know if any areas were drained to be built upon or were built originally below sea level. I do know that there has been a recent sinking problem. To try to combat mosquito-borne illnesses, the city likes to pump it's drainage ditches dry. (In fact we had a recent Reference desk question on the design of the city's apparently quite expensive drainage pumping system.) This makes the soil drier and more compressible, which leads to buildings sinking. — Laura Scudder | Talk 22:49, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

• • New Orleans has a pretty good discussion. The town was originally built on the high ground (a crescent of land adjacent the Mississippi). The rest of the area was swampy. In the early 20th century, pumping started. As a result of the pumping, subsidence occurred; so the already low land has been sinking for the last hundred years. So, basically, we can blame A. Baldwin Wood. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 21:41, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Older Musicians

I would like to know why Older Musicians that have played there entire lives always get ignored. I've play pro all my life making peanuts and contiualy turned down by the industry. It's all about the youngsters. No shows or chances for dedicated players to strive for. Older equils experience, The country industry atleast gives all artist there shot regardless of age. Talent is what should count but it dosen't. There are a lot of great players out there like myself that don't much apreciate being treated as old. All those yougsters will soon be in the same boat before they no it. The industry may not make mega millions from older players but there still should be a place for us. But still might but even so, Mega thousand can still be made and there are alot of us our hear that buy Classic Rock & Roll because most of us don't like todays music. New Classic style Rock & Roll could still do well if we were to be given the chance. A classic T.V. compition or something that gives all Musicians an equil change at being part of the Music world that we all love. I dought you or any others out there would apreciate being pushed aside for nothing but the young. The biggest problem is the promotors that do pay to play, by exploting the tons a Kid bands that will play for free. The promotors takes all the money. It's a racket. I book all my own gigs and do better for me and My Band Chalice then any of them have been able to do, And thats sad cause we still make peanuts. All i'm saying is that it would be very nice for someone out there with some power and insite to look outside the box and find way to for all Musicians. Especialy the ones that stay out there playing year after year. Hard working Musicians that could use the help for it's own industry. Thanks for listening. Peace. John Bone Davis

You might be looking for our article on youth culture. Best of luck to you. Meelar (talk) 21:04, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

To go back to the original question, ie "I would like to know why Older Musicians that have played there entire lives always get ignored" I don't think that's true if you consider those that had success young and have managed to sustain a career Johnny Cash, Cliff Richard, Frank Sinatra all seemed to gain audiences that grew with them.

It's probably true to say that it's very, very hard for an older musician to attract a young audience, because there's a lot of sex and rebellion bound up with a Western teenagers love of music. However, I don't see why you could not have success building an audience amongst your own age group.

Although you're earning "peanuts" it's pretty astonishing for someone to be able to support themselves at all doing what they love. Can you not take solace in that? If I could make the money of a bottom rung office clerk through writing, I'd at least sometimes praise the fact I wasn't the office clerk. --bodnotbod 16:39, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Christopher "Chris" Wilson and Good Charlotte

The Christopher "Chris" Wilson article says he's a current member of the band, the Good Charlotte article says he's a former member. Which is it? Zoe 20:04, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

According to the band's website, the members' names are Billy, Paul, Joel and Benji (seriously, Benji). I've updated Wilson's article to reflect this. Meelar (talk) 21:40, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Homeland Security Director

What was the name of the person that was either a nomimee or near nominee for this position prior to Michael Chertoff's nomination? I think he was a friend of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. hydnjo talk 23:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Bernard Kerik. He was indeed nominated, but withdrew his acceptance of the nomination a week later. It became a Cabinet agency while Tom Ridge was heading it, so the position for which Bush nominated Kerik was United States Secretary of Homeland Security. JamesMLane 05:36, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

EDSAC Computer Game Creator

Where can I obtain a picture of A.S. Douglas. I have searched a long time. The year is 1952.

Which Girl Aloud?

Help identify these members of Girls Aloud please. First off the easy ones I got, the ginger one and the blonde one:

• 
  Nicola Roberts
• 
  Sarah Harding

and the ones I don't, one brunette, two highlighted "blondes", and they all look the same. Take your pic from Cheryl Tweedy, Nadine Coyle and Kimberley Walsh

• 
  Girl Aloud 1
• 
  Girl Aloud 2
• 
  Girl Aloud 3

(all images are on the commons, so could you note the results there please.). I think I must be showing my age. Cheers. Dunc|☺ 00:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

1 is Cheryl (or Ashley Cole's bit of fluff)

2 is Kimberley

3 is a really bad picture of Nadine, seemingly sans makeup.

I've answered here as well, in case I've not put the name in the right place on the commons (as I never use it). And the ginger one is the best. Proto t c 10:41, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Actually I'm pretty sure you've got 1 and 3 the wrong way round. Will you take another looks please. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 20:58, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Compare with their pictures on their CBBC profile - I'm pretty sure they're the right way round. Proto t c 08:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Afraid you are wrong. 1=Nadine (roundish face), 2=Cheryl (eyes), 3=Kimberley (dark hair). If you need a source then: [6] PTSE 16:41, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

ANSWER

• 
  Nadine Coyle
• 
  Cheryl Tweedy
• 
  Kimberley Walsh

Cesare Borgia as inspiration for images of Jesus in art

What is the source of the suggestion that "some pictures of Jesus Christ produced around Borgia's lifetime were based on Cesare Borgia, and that this in turn has influenced images of Jesus produced since that time."? (from Wikipedia article on Ceare Borgia) --Cathstuart

That line was added anonymously, in a much stronger form, by User:66.193.254.66 in this edit. That user hasn't been around for a while so it's not very likely that we will find out what his or her source was, but a quick google search suggests it was a heavy metal song. (To be fair, I also found this). David Sneek 08:47, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Circuit benches

With respect to courts what does a "circuit bench" mean? eg. ABC High Court has a bench in XYZ and a circuit bench in LMN? User:Nichalp/sg 05:45, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Does circuit court answer your question? Garrett Albright 17:24, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Not to the extent one might expect (in that it doesn't actually say why it's called a circuit). Luckily we have High Court of Justice of England and Wales to the rescue, wherein it explains that the first level of courts of appeal in England would circulate through a district (at different parts of the year) and would sit on appeals that had built up over the year. The reason for its circulation (not in that article, but in the dim vaults of my memory) was that travel was so difficult (roads being dangerous and never resurfaced since the romans left) that it was easier to move a few court officials around the country that to move lots of lawyers, documents, and witnesses. English circuit courts continue this practice to this day, whereas their cousins in the US legal system remain ensconced in one place; this is the reason, incidentally, why English judges are lean and lithe and muscular, whereas US circuit court judges are flabby puffing jabbas :) -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 21:49, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, that would make sense. I'd guessed it would be a temporary court, but wanted to make sure for my article: High Courts of India. User:Nichalp/sg 07:44, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Persons on bail (law)

What rights does a person released on bail have? Can such a person stand for Public Office Elections while on bail? Under British Common Law? Thanks Dickson

My Big Book O' Election Law is two hundred miles away, but it's an interesting question. Someone on bail is bound over to appear in court and not to hot-foot it to Paraguay, but they are otherwise presumed innocent by the law. I believe they would be allowed to stand for election, though depending on the nature of the offence they would potentially have to abandon their candidacy or, if elected by then, resign from office if convicted.

Note that conviction doesn't automatically make them unfit to run in the election or hold office, but some offences - certainly things like breach of the electoral regulations - bar the person from running for office for a short time. For most crimes, this is not the case; as such, it'd seem odd to let them run after being convicted, but not before. Hope that makes sense. Shimgray 16:52, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

I can't think of any reason why being on bail — or even in prison awaiting trial — would limit ones right to stand for office. Conviction, as Shimgray points out, is sometimes a factor. -- 08:41, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Your Unsubstantiated Claims about Genesis being a "Myth"

Greetings: I was reading your yellow journalism {yellow journalism n. Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.]}on Genesis. I was intrigued by your unsubstantiated opinion {unsubstantiated adj : unsupported by nother evidence [syn: uncorroborated]}: “Genesis is both creation myth and a traditional history of the Israelites. “(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_%28Old_Testament%29) I would be so very happy to see your scientific research (observations and reproducible experimentation) which “backs” this unsubstantiated claim that Genesis is a “myth.”

myth n. 1. 1.A traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a people, as by explaining aspects of the natural world or delineating the psychology, customs, or ideals of society: the myth of Eros and Psyche; a creation myth. 2. Such stories considered as a group: the realm of myth. 2. A popular belief or story that has become associated with a person, institution, or occurrence, especially one considered to illustrate a cultural ideal: a star whose fame turned her into a myth; the pioneer myth of suburbia. 3. A fiction or half-truth, especially one that forms part of an ideology. 4.A fictitious story, person, or thing: “German artillery superiority on the Western Front was a myth” (Leon Wolff).

For your convenience I have attached the definition of the scientific method in case your biased propaganda {biased n. 1. A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment./propaganda n. The systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause or of information reflecting the views and interests of those advocating such a doctrine or cause.} doesn't include the definition.

scientific method n. The principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and a conclusion that validates or modifies the hypothesis.

See Creation myth. Senses 1, 2 and 3 of your definition above are apposite whatever your opinions about the interpretation of Genesis. --Ngb ^?!? 13:56, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Condescend. v. 1. Communicatin in a manner implying your audience is less intelligent than you. 2. A poor way to attempt to get a point across. Wikipedia. n. A free online encyclopedia in which the articles are written by anyone and everyone on the internet, and which you may edit too if you feel so grossly wronged -- just make sure you're NPOV and, of course, truthful. Garrett Albright 17:30, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for proving my point that your Wikipedia is nothing but a propaganda factory . . . . where truth can be "edited" at the discretion of any propagandist. . . not dictated by facts . . . btw . . . .how can you be condescending to a propagandist?

Sorry for my ignorance but what method of proof did you use? Contradiction, contra-positive, induction? Which inference rules did you use to draw that conclusion from the arguments? --R.Koot 21:21, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

• I have never seen any religious book with specific and precise facts. No measurements and accurate timelines. See Lord Kelvin's quote

"I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of Science, whatever the matter may be." --anon

yes, you've found us out, Wikipedia is a yellow journalism materialist blog, and will surely be punished by the LORD for its impertinence. You are too good for wasting your time with this crappy website and should visit more godly sites, like http://www.landoverbaptist.org/ dab (ᛏ) 07:30, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

You may be interested to become a member of the FES (ie, if you are not one already). As the table on the right shows, it is based on the same thing that you are arguing for. Tintin 10:47, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

I would like to apologize for our yellow journalism, please, good sir, give us your substantiated evidence of the story of Genesis which shows that it is not a myth, and we will get it in there right away. --Ballchef 13:51, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Agnosticism - R Lee E (talk, contribs) 22:27, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Kievskaya Rus'...Czerwona/Krasnaya, Czarna/Chornaya, Biala/Belaya?

--205.188.116.14 14:18, 3 September 2005 (UTC)Greegings:

Rus' had 3 colors. Is the significance/meaning of these from Viking lore, or was it a specific development of Oleg and Olga?

Near Kiev...Czerwona/Krasnaya/Red Rus'. Near Grodno...Czarna/Chyornaya/Black Rus'. E. Belarus...Biala/Belaya/White Rus'.

What is/was the significance or "original" intentional meaning of Black, White, and Red, in this "specific" context?

Thank You, Dziekuje, Spasibo!

Tomasz Ryszardowicz Rajtar Tanya, Baba Jaga of Kawashaway

According to the Black Ruthenia article, before the 17th century the names White and Black Russia were not used or "applied to wildly different territories", while the Red Ruthenia article says that name has been recorded since the Middle Ages. So I doubt there is a consistent color symbolism at work here. David Sneek 17:25, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Cornell

Was Joseph Cornell an emotionlist, imitationalist, or formalist?

He made art by putting junk in boxes. You tell us. - Nunh-huh 02:31, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Chinese hair locket

What do you know about Chinese artifacts, about 100 or so years old and a little newer and a little older, with Taoist and Confucian motifs, that are receptacles for the hair of loved ones (perhaps living, perhaps dead—I'm not sure which)? The examples I have are sometimes anthropomorphic and sometimes vases. They are made of pot metal, silver alloys, or enameled pot metal. Thank you.

Suzy Parker & Highland Park, NJ

Having very much admired the late actress and model Suzy Parker, I was rather surprised to read in the entry under her name that she was raised and educated in Highland Park, New Jersey.

I am from Highland Park and would have been in school about ten years after her. I should be very pleased to think that she was living there at the same time as I, but I should very much like to know whether there was, in fact, any connection between my old home town and this wonderful actress.

Thank you.

Harold Taylor

Cruiser Act

Were the 20 ships authorized by congress by the Cruiser Act ever built? If so, what are their names? --Neutrality^talk 00:00, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

The seven New Orleans class cruisers and two Portland class cruisers were laid down in 1929 and the early 30s. I don't know if these were the allocated ships, though USS Portland (CA-33) was "authorised on February 13 1929" which strongly suggests it was. The single carrier would probably have been the USS Ranger (CV-4), laid down '31. Note that the London Naval Conference was in 1930, and the great crash was later in 1929. I would guess this might explain the delays in laying many of the ships down - and in 1934 a new naval construction bill was passed, presumably superceding existing plans for the other ten and providing for things like the Brooklyn class. Shimgray 13:05, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

University of Georgia traditions

Does the University of Georgia have any traditions? The article on UGA does not really go in depth on student life or student/faculty/alumni traditions.

Head of State

Who was the Governor General or Head of State in Jamaica and Canada in the year 1925?

see Rulers.org. Canada's Governor General was Julian Hedworth George Byng, Baron Byng of Vimy (b. 1862 - d. 1935). Jamaica had three Governors during 1925 (not Governors General), successively Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson (b. 1873 - d. 1950), Sir Herbert Bryan (acting), and A.S. Jeef (acting). - Nunh-huh 02:29, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

And Canada's de jure head of state in 1925 was King George V. — mendel ☎ 05:28, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

As was Jamaica's. Zoe 21:59, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Hammer and Sickle

Who invented the Hammer and sickle symbol, and was it used by any groups before the bolsheviks? Is it of Russian origin? After a google search I found many people asking this same question, but no answers (except for one guy who had a vague memory of being told it was created in 1922). The bellman 06:15, 2005 September 4 (UTC)

• Our article dates it at least to 1917, but it doesn't cite. Flags of the World gives the same date, says it became the Soviet flag in 1923. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:52, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Unfair Business Practices

I have an online business. I deal with about 25 manufactuers. But I have two (although the are associated) seems to be practicing unfair price fixing and more.

They both: 1. Are setting prices and not allowing fair market trade. I am not allowed to price below their selling point. They are controlling the price of their products as me as a vendor and a competitor. They are even going so far as tell me that I can't offer free shippings or offer a free gift in leau of free shipping because it competes with them. 2. Asking me to sign an angreement to such as above.

Individually: 1. Not allowing me to advertise the product, even though I am the vendor and they the supplier. They also sell the product and don't want me advertsing the product on the internet as they don't want the competition.

Individually: 1. One misreapresented themselves as the wholesaler of all the products on their site, when in fact they only wholesaled one product. Emailed me their wholesale list and when I posted the products on my website with their descriptions and I set my own prices, threatened me with a lawsuit, again trying to make me conform to their prices or requiring me to remove their products from my site. They never informed me of their terms and conditions and certainly not their price setting practices.

I live in Illinois. Please advise.

Crystal Basler http://thecountrygoddess.com sales@thecountrygoddess.com

While there may well be Wikipedians able to answer this in detail, I would note Wikipedia's legal disclaimer ('nothing on Wikipedia.org or of any project of Wikimedia Foundation Inc., should be construed as an attempt to offer or render a legal opinion'), and suggest that the Federal Trade Commission might be a better place to make enquiries? --Ngb ^?!? 19:09, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Trade Theories

What Economic theories would best explain the trade potential between a large developing country and its underdeveloped neighbour?

If I have time I can do some research later but just to brainstorm ideas (some or all of which you may have already thought of)...the underdeveloped neighbor can tap a market in the LDC, almost like a cottage industry to supply that market...the LDC can tap a huge market for consumer goods that the neighbor probably lacks (TVs, electronics, plastics)...just a start. I'll try to get back to this later if you still need. Thanks --Dpr 06:59, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

You're probably looking for the theory of comparative advantage. Also, mercantilism was somewhat analagous to this, although not entirely. HTH. Meelar (talk) 07:00, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

You might also want to read up on dependency theory. - SimonP 21:40, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Dellis

Does anyone have any information on a group of people called the dellis? I was planning on writing an article on them, but I can't find any info on them. All I know is that they were a Turkish army unit in the 1700s that wore eagle feathers on their armor and were considered insane because they fought so daringly. Thanks. Rentastrawberry 22:58, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

No luck finding anything about them via google, though I have found some links to the Polish Hussars who also wore eagle feathers: [7], [8], [9] (also see Hussars#Armament_and_tactics). Only one gives a passing mention of the dellis: [10] (see the section 'Wings'). --Zeborah 03:26, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Searching on "dellis" and "ottoman" finds me various miniatures pages, which seem to date them to circa the Rennaisance period. It might be worth poking around wargaming books dealing with this period, and seeing if there's anything helpful there.

"Delis" and "ottoman" finds quite a bit too, and this suggests they were light cavalry used as scouts, recruited from converts in the Balkans (so some sources call them "Serbs")... but then some other sources use the term for Kurdish tribesmen. I would assume the former is what you're after. Shimgray 12:34, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Minors and Weapons

Is it legal for minors to carry non-concealed weapons in the United states? -- anon

Well, they can get hunting permits, but I don't know what the laws are concerning carrying pistols or other weapons not for the purpose of hunting. Zoe 23:31, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

This is almost certainly the sort of law that will be different from state to state, so there's probably no single answer to the question anyway. --Angr/_{tɔk tə mi} 06:29, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Filibusters in Canada

What is the longest filibuster recorded in Canadian history by a single speaker? --HappyCamper 01:05, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Where can I buy flags?

Hi there. Your website has a page about the flag of the Isle of Lewis and also one for the Isle of North Uist (both in the western isles of Scotland). I was hoping you could tell me where i can buy these flags.

please email me at <email removed> thanks

Peter

The phone number for the Highlands of Scotland Tourist Board is 0845 2255121. Call them - they may be able to point you in the direction of someone who can help (perhaps a gift shop in Lewis / North Uist). Proto t c 11:58, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

World War II

(no question)

Yeah, it was something, wasn't it? Our World War II article would be a good place to start. Garrett Albright 14:25, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Medals

Highest medal issue to a policeman 1875 in the rain of Queen Victoria

• I think you may mean the "reign" of Queen Victoria. - Mgm|^(talk) 17:42, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

==US politics: The Second Term Surprise==

I'm British, still resident there, and just watched the BBC News on TV. Covering Hurricane Katrina the correspondent said the hurricane is Bush's "second term surprise". The implication being that presidents have tended to get an event in the second term that is given this label.

Now, I'm sure it's just a nice journalistic conceit (as when looking for a face in clouds, it will not be long before you find one, so similarly it would be more surprising if something unexpected did not occur during a president's second term) but I thought it might be interesting to know what others have been in any case.

However, two logical Google searches didn't seem to tell me much.

So... is the phrase something that American wikipedians recognise? What other second term surprises have there been? --bodnotbod 18:39, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

The term is new to me too, but if I had to guess, Clinton's would have been his impeachment, Reagan the Iran-Contra affair maybe, Richard Nixon would be Watergate, and for Eisenhower, I have no idea. Garrett Albright 19:44, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps the launch of Sputnik in 1957? I think that's the first year of Eisenhower's second term. — Laura Scudder | Talk 19:50, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

I follow U.S. politics pretty closely, and am an American, and I've never heard this one. Meelar (talk) 02:17, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

1983 giro d' Italia

In 1983 I was a young cook in Gorizia, Italy. During the last "tappa" of the Giro d' italia cycling competition, somebody from the Visentini team, then second, tryied to bribe me and another cook in order to serve a laxative to Giuseppe Saronni. I turned the person to the authorities and prevented a scandal. Since then I have moved to the States and now have a child of my own. All my newspaper clippings went missing after the move and I don' t have anything to show to my daughter. Sadly she is learning how to win at school and in sport competitons by cheating and I would like to show her how the cheater is the real loser. If you can help me it would be deeply appreciated. Sincerely, Alessandro Bozzato P.S. it happened in Gorizia (Italy) in 1983 (66th giro d' Italia) at the Hotel ACI and Visentini was 2nd behind Beppe Saronni. The cheater was the owner (I believe) of the factory that supplied the weels for Visentini's bike. (Note that the athlete was unaware of the scheme)

Most online archives of news articles don't run back that far. You might have some success writing someone like the BBC or a cycling magazine. — Laura Scudder | Talk 19:14, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Or perhaps writing to the people who organise the competition? They probably keep records of press coverage... though I suppose they might have decided to tactfully forget about this incident. Shimgray 23:34, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

American Civil War

1. What was the major cause of the civil war? Just before the civil war, what was the major attributes of the slaves in the South (Did they make more money? Were they able to see their family more? Did they move to more families in a shorter period of time? Or was there a lot of resistance?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by ? (talk • contribs) 5 Sept 2005 (UTC)

Sounds like you are trying to get someone to do your homework but, on your first question, the major cause, at some level, was regional difference. Most obviously, the South had a highly agricultural economy based on slave plantations, and the north had increasingly developed a more industrialized economy based on free labor (although some slave states, notably Maryland, never joined the confederacy). These basic differences also played out in other ways, such as different views on tariffs. And, on top of that, the constitution really was a bit ambiguous about whether states could secede. The war was precipitated by Lincoln's victory in the presidential election. While Lincoln himself was not clearly abolitionist, his party largely was, and the South anticipated that the Republican victory meant an attack on their entire way of life.

As for your second question, about the slaves, I honestly don't understand what you are asking. Did who make more money than what? etc. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:40, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

World War 1 and 2

1. What was the major reason the US entered into World War I and II? (was it to establish world power? economical reasons? border safety?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.182.90 (talk • contribs) 14:04, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

World War II : because they were kind of...bombed... — Ilγαηερ (Tαlκ) 20:33, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

colonies and native americans

1. What was the native americans in the northern plains during the 18th century mostly associate with (hunters/gatherers?, permanent villages? or one with nature?) 2 what as the primary purpose of the mass bay colony?

Looks like someone has Social Studies homework. Why don't you read World War I, World War II, Native Americans, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Slavery in the United States, or even consult your textbook? All of the above will have the answers to your questions. — Laura Scudder | Talk 19:19, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

For the first question see Plains Indians, answer hunters, and ask the teacher what the hell "one with nature" might be other than a racist mapping of modern concepts back onto an idealized "noble savage". For the second, see Massachusetts Bay Colony and ask your teacher how on earth you might be able to divine which of the many purposes underlying its foundation is the "primary" one. Or better yet, don't ask (you don't want to be penalized for raising difficult questions) but show them this answer. Questions like these are one reason kids hate history: they imply there is a single "correct" answer and in this oversimplification deny much that is interesting about history... - Nunh-huh 05:20, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Legal term: prolly missing article

Is there an article for state's witness King's evidence, turning state's evidence, ratting or grassing that I am missing somewhere or is this a good chance for a new article that will prolly be written before I end this sentence...?MeltBanana 20:28, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

We do have Supergrass phenomenon. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 20:42, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

And we also have plea bargain. But probably the more general concept deserves, and lacks, an article. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:43, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

• State's witness is probably covered in Witness. Turning state's evidence is in my view more of a term and wouldn't be more than a dictionary definition, so it's unlikely it'll have its own article. Try to think in bigger terms and look through other law articles which you think should cover the points you're looking for. - Mgm|^(talk) 12:00, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Louis Phillipe 1, King of the French, ca. 1835

Dear Prof,

In a scrapbook maintained by my Great, Great, Great Great Grandfather James Morris Whiton, a business man from Boston who was in England and ParisFrance during the 1830s, is a draft of a letter to the King.

" Sire! The undersigned Citizens of the U.S. now in Paris participating in the common joy which is felt at the escape of your majesty from the murderous attempt which has lately been made upon your life--beg leave to offer to your Magesty & to your family, as well as to the French Nation, their sincere congratulations--and in doing this they cannot withhold their expression of their abhorrance of the depravity in which that attempt originated or of their cordial sympathy with the friends & relatives of those who unhappily fell victims to it.

They beg leave at the same time to express their....."

There is no reference in Wikepedia to this event, which I think must have been an attempted assassination in which Louis escaped harm but others were less fortunate.

If I knew when this event occured I would know more exactly when James Whiton was in Paris.

Nearby to the page on which this draft is pasted are a MEURICE'S HOTEL reckoning for December 26-31, 1834; and a bill from a COUTURIERRE EN ROBES, Melle Pierron at Rue de Michadiere ( undated ) and a formal invitation to dine at M & M Welles on July 30, 1835.

I hope you can more exactly pinpoint the date of this Letter to the King and tell me about the attempt on his life.

With thanks,

John Whiton Hutchinson

We have an article on Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, who was apparently "the chief conspirator in the attempt on the life of Louis Philippe in July 1835"; this attack on July 28 killed eighteen, but only grazed the king. There were apparently a few others, but I think this is the one you're after. We can't pinpoint the date, of course - but presumably within a week or two of that date. Shimgray 23:32, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

The Supreme Court

My question is "who decides whether or not the Supreme Court will hear or decide your case". Is that the Chief Justice's position?

Dick Grace dickgrace@aol.com

At the beginning of each term, the Justices look at each case that's been appealed to them, and they meet and discuss them. If four justices agree to hear a case, it's placed on the docket. Unfortunately, this isn't mentioned in our article, AFAICT. Best wishes, Meelar (talk) 02:13, September 6, 2005 (UTC) Meelar (talk) 02:13, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Alexander the Great

Where was Alexander the Great born in? Some sources say he's Greek, other Macedonian. After reading Foreign relations of the Republic of Macedonia#Naming dispute with Greece, I learn that the Macedonia region is a part of Greece too! So was ATG Macedonian-Macedonian or Greek-Macedonian as per today's boundaries? User:Nichalp/sg 06:10, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Alexander was born in Edessa, the capital of Macedon. He and the ruling classes were Greek speaking and very much immersed in Greek culture. However, Macedonians were not always seen as proper Greeks by the peoples of the city-states to the south — they were viewed as being somewhat barbaric. Also, Macedon had conquered much land to the north of its original homeland. These Illyrian territories also diminished the view of Macedon's Greekness. Therefore, scholarship is generally divided over the absolute Greekness of Macedon. Perhaps the best way to look at it is that Alexander was a Greek on the fringes of Greek culture ruling a upstart new kingdom that included many non-Greeks. Gareth Hughes 11:42, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Maurice Halbwachs

I would like to know how to pronounce the French Sociologist name, 'Halbwachs' Should I pronounce 'Halbwachs' in French way, so [h] sound is mute, also [s] is mute, and what about the [b] sound in his name?

Could you let me know what is the right way to pronounce his name with the pronunciation symbols?

Thank you.

Maurice Halbwachs has a German family name. The usual German pronunciation of which would be ˈhalbˌvaxs. The difficulty comes when the name is used by French speakers. Some French speakers with German names retain the German pronunciation, but many do not. It is likely that the initial h would be dropped, but the s retained. Thus, a French speaker might make the name ˈalbˌvaks, and his full name would be ˌmɔˈʁis ˈalbˌvaks. The notation I have used can found at the International Phonetic Alphabet article. Gareth Hughes 12:05, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Original Composer of Canyon.mid

Does anyone remember canyon.mid that shipped with Windows 3.1 up until Windows 95 or 98? Curious as to who the original composer was. I always thought it was Tangerine Dream since it has that cheesy style they turned towards in the 80's and I know their Canyon Dreams album was made in the late 80s or early 90s, but I've since heard Canyon Dreams and now I know that canyon.mid has nothing to do with TD. So who exactly composed this piece of nostalgic stinky cheese that shipped with Windows before it stopped shipping in WinXP? --I am not good at running 08:00, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

what is the true date of birth of Edvin Hevonkoski

The date of birth of Edvin Hevonkoski doesn't match the date I've found in an online biography (now linked to the article). Does anyone know a good / definitive source for this? Azikala 13:27, 6 September 2005 (UTC)