George Galloway

George Galloway

George Galloway (born 16 August, 1954) is a British politician noted for his socialist views, confrontational style, and rhetorical skill. He is currently the Respect Member of Parliament (MP) for Bethnal Green and Bow, and was previously elected as a Labour Party MP for Glasgow Hillhead and Glasgow Kelvin.

Galloway is perhaps best known for his vigorous campaign to overturn economic sanctions against Iraq, and for his controversial visits to Saddam Hussein in 1994 and 2002. He was expelled from the Labour Party in October 2003 when a party body found that he had brought the party into disrepute over the 2003 invasion of Iraq, when he called the Labour government "Tony Blair's lie machine" (see [[1]]), and stated that British soldiers should "refuse to obey illegal orders" (see [[2]]).

In January 2004, he teamed up with the Socialist Workers Party, some leading members of the Muslim Association of Britain, and others opposed to UK participation in the Iraq war, to form RESPECT The Unity Coalition (Respect), a new political party to the left of Labour.

He won his seat in the 2005 general election, the only time Respect has won a Parliamentary election. In January 2006 he sparked controversy for taking part in the television series Celebrity Big Brother.

Early and personal life

Galloway was born in Dundee, Scotland, of partial Irish Catholic extraction, and attended the Harris Academy, a non-denominational school, which is somewhat surprising as almost all Catholics of Irish extraction, in the West of Scotland, attend "denominational" schools, which non-Catholics regard as "Irish" and "divisive" (Scottish Bishop Joseph Devine publicly agreed that they are "divisive").

He was married from 1979 to 1999 to Elaine Fyffe, with whom he has a daughter. She said she had "received a number of phone calls from women who claim to have had romantic links with him", but that Galloway had told her it was "a plot by an unnamed intelligence service to discredit him". ^[3]

Galloway said "I didn’t show my wife the respect she deserves", but said he was genuinely astonished to learn that she was filing for divorce. ^[4] He insisted that the allegations should not be taken at face value and that the divorce had "clearly been raised by The Sunday Times to damage me in the election" (the story appeared on front page of the paper the Sunday before polling day).

Galloway states that he is a non-drinker from a non-drinking family. "My father didn’t drink alcohol and his father didn’t and my daughter doesn’t... I think it has a very deleterious effect on people". ^[5]

His support for the Palestinian cause began in 1974 when he met a Palestinian activist in Dundee; he converted the rest of the Dundee Labour Party which flew the Palestinian flag over the Town Hall. In 1977 he became a Labour Party organiser, and by the early 1980s was the chair of Labour in Scotland [6]. He twinned the city with Nablus in 1980. ^[7]

War on Want

From 1983 to 1987, Galloway was General Secretary of War On Want, a charity founded by Harold Wilson. Galloway increased its income sevenfold, but later faced accusations of misuse of his expenses account, which was £21,000 in 1985-86, to stay in luxury hotels when on foreign trips. He paid back £1,720 after an audit identified a lack of controls, but was cleared of any dishonesty.

War On Want was later found to have been insolvent, and subsequently dismissed all its staff and went into administration. It was rescued and relaunched in 1991. The Charity Commission said the accounts for 1985 to 1989 were mis-stated, and found responsibility lay "to a large extent" with auditors and not any individual. However Galloway, who had been General Secretary for the first three of those years, was found to be "lacking expertise in crucial areas". ^{[8] [9]}

Parliamentary career

Member of Parliament, Glasgow

Galloway was selected as Labour candidate for the Glasgow Hillhead seat, then held by Roy Jenkins of the SDP. He fought for a place on the Labour Party National Executive Committee in 1986; in a large field of candidates he finished as second from bottom. At the 1986 Labour Party Conference he made a strong attack on the Labour Party's Deputy Leader and Shadow Chancellor Roy Hattersley for not favouring exchange controls.

In the 1987 election, Galloway won Glasgow Hillhead from Jenkins with a majority of 3,251. He faced an almost immediate scandal when, as part of the War on Want expenses probe, he was asked about a conference on Mykonos, Greece and replied:

I travelled to and spent lots of time with people in Greece, many of whom were women, some of whom were known carnally to me. I actually had sexual intercourse with some of the people in Greece.

Troubles within the Labour Party

The statement put Galloway on the front pages of the tabloid press and in February 1988 the Executive Committee of his Constituency Labour Party passed a vote of no confidence in him. He went on to win reselection over Trish Godman (wife of fellow MP Norman Godman) in June 1989, but failed to get a majority of the electoral college on the first ballot. This was the worst result for any sitting Labour MP who was reselected; 13 out of the 26 members of the Constituency Party's Executive Committee resigned that August, indicating their dissatisfaction with the result.^[10]

In 1990, a classified advertisement appeared in the Labour left weekly Tribune headed "Lost: MP who answers to the name of George", "balding and has been nicknamed gorgeous", claiming that the lost MP had been seen in Romania but had not been to a constituency meeting for a year. A telephone number was given which turned out to be for the Groucho Club in London, from which Galloway had been blackballed. Galloway threatened legal action and pointed out that he had been to five constituency meetings. He eventually settled for an out-of-court payment by Tribune.

The leadership election of the Labour Party in 1992 saw Galloway voting for fellow Scot John Smith for Leader and Margaret Beckett as Deputy Leader. In 1994 after Smith's death, Galloway declined to cast a vote in the leadership election (one of only three MPs to do so). In a debate with the leader of the Scottish National Party Alex Salmond, Galloway responded to one of Salmond's jibes against the Labour Party by declaring "I don't give a fuck what Tony Blair thinks."^[9]

Although facing a challenge for the labour nomination for the seat of Glasgow Kelvin in 1997, Galloway successful defeated Shiona Waldron. He was unchallenged for the nomination in 2001. Although he had a reputation as a leftwinger, Galloway was never a member of the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs.

Pakistani activities

In 1997, Galloway launched a newspaper, East, largely bankrolled by the Government of Pakistan, focusing on Pakistan and promoting a pro-Bhutto position. He also worked with the National Lobby on Kashmir, promoting Pakistan's claims to the territory. When Bhutto's government fell, Galloway met with the new Government and wrote a series of letters asking them for funding, which he ultimately obtained.^[11] While there was no suggestion that any of his actions in the case were illegal, the way in which he apparently put himself under an obligation to the Government of Pakistan damaged his reputation in some eyes.

In the 1997 and 2001 elections Galloway was the Labour candidate for the seat of Glasgow Kelvin, winning with majorities of over 16,000 and 12,000 respectively. In boundary changes taking effect at the 2005 election, the seat was divided. Galloway chose to stand in Bethnal Green and Bow, in the east end of London.

Expulsion from the Labour Party

In a 28 March, 2003, interview with Abu Dhabi TV, Galloway said Tony Blair and George W. Bush had "lied to the British Air Force and Navy, when they said the battle of Iraq would be very quick and easy. They attacked Iraq like wolves...." and added, "... the best thing British troops can do is to refuse to obey illegal orders." The latter remark briefly led to suggestions that he might be prosecuted for treason under the Incitement to Disaffection Act, 1934. ^[12] His most controversial statement, which led to a Sun headline, "MP blasted over 'kill Brits' call", could be read as inciting attacks on British forces in Iraq: "Iraq is fighting for all the Arabs. Where are the Arab armies?".

On 18 April, The Sun published an interview with Tony Blair in which Blair said "His comments were disgraceful and wrong. The National Executive will deal with it". Citing Galloway's comments regarding the Iraq war, the General Secretary of the Labour Party suspended him from holding office in the party on 6 May, 2003, pending a hearing on charges that he had violated the party's constitution by "bringing the Labour Party into disrepute through behaviour that is prejudicial or grossly detrimental to the Party". The National Constitutional Committee held a hearing on 22 October, 2003, to consider the charges, taking evidence from Galloway himself, from other party witnesses, viewing media interviews, and hearing character testimony from (among others) veteran Labour MP and ex-minister Tony Benn. The following day, the committee found the charge of bringing the party into disrepute proved, and expelled Galloway from the Labour Party forthwith. Galloway called the Committee's hearing "a show trial" and "a kangaroo court". ^[13]

At all times he had the full support of the Executive and General Committee of Glasgow Kelvin Constituency Labour Party.

2005 election

In January 2004 Galloway announced he would be working with members of the English Socialist Alliance and others under the name RESPECT The Unity Coalition, generally referred to simply as Respect. Many commentators were surprised by this development since Galloway had a track record of antipathy toward Trotskyists, and the largest component of Respect is the Socialist Workers Party, which broadly identifies itself as part of the Trotskyist political tradition . Some former members of the Socialist Alliance, including the Workers Liberty and Workers Power groups, objected to forming a coalition with Galloway, citing his political record, and his refusal to accept an average worker's wage, with Galloway claiming "I couldn’t live on three workers’ wages".^[14]

He stood as the Respect candidate in London in the 2004 European Parliament elections, but failed to win a seat after receiving 91,175 of the 115,000 votes he needed.

Galloway's Glasgow Kelvin constituency was split between three different constituencies at the May 2005 general election. After his expulsion, he had initially fuelled speculation that he might call a snap by-election before then, by resigning his parliamentary seat, saying:

If I were to resign this constituency and there was a by-election I can't guarantee that I would win, but I would guarantee that Tony Blair's candidate would surely lose.

Galloway later announced that he would not force a by-election and intended not to contest the next general election in Glasgow. Owing to the boundary changes, the Labour candidate in the new Glasgow Central constituency, which could have been his most likely chance, was his long-time friend Mohammad Sarwar, the first Muslim Labour MP and a strong opponent of the Iraq War; Galloway did not wish to challenge him. After the European election results became known, Galloway announced that he would stand in Bethnal Green and Bow, the area where Respect had its strongest election results and where the sitting Labour MP, Oona King, supported the Iraq War. On 2 December, despite speculation that he might stand in Newham, he confirmed that he was to be the candidate for Bethnal Green and Bow (he was accused of carpetbagging).

The ensuing electoral campaign in the seat proved to be a difficult one with heated rhetoric: Galloway said of King that "she was responsible for the deaths of people with faces blacker than hers" (first cited by Leo McKinstry in The Spectator of 23 April (see [[15]]). The tyres of King's car were slashed and Les Dobrovolski, an elderly Labour Party member, was assaulted by people whom he and King later claimed were supporting 'Respect' and had left a Respect leaflet by his side. Respect disputed the claim and pointed out that the leaflet had not be issued until a day later^[16]; local police did not investigate the party. On 21 April 2005, it was reported by the BBC that Galloway had himself been threatened with death by extreme Islamists and threatened with a fatwa. All the major candidates united in condemning the threats and violence. King added that "it has not been helped by some of the language used by Respect. Extremism breeds extremism." ^[17]

On May 5, Galloway won the seat by 823 votes and made a fiery acceptance speech, saying that Tony Blair had the blood of 100,000 people on his hands and denouncing the returning officer over alleged discrepancies in the electoral process. When challenged in a subsequent televised interview by Jeremy Paxman as to whether he was happy to have removed one of the few black women in parliament, Galloway replied by asking if it would not be better to congratulate him for "one of the most sensational election results in modern history?" Pressed further, he said "I don't believe that people get elected because of the colour of their skin. I believe people get elected because of their record and because of their policies. So move on to your next question." ^[18].

Oona King later told the Today programme that she found Paxman's line of question inappropriate. "He shouldn't be barred from running against me because I'm a black woman ... I was not defined, or wish to be defined, by my ethnicity". ^[19]

"It's good to be back", he said on being sworn in as MP for Bethnal Green after the May election. He pledged to represent "the people that New Labour has abandoned" and to "speak for those who have nobody else to speak for them."

Parliamentary participation statistics

Galloway's participation in Parliamentary activity fell to minimal levels after he was suspended and later expelled from the Labour Party. After speaking in a debate on Iraq on 25 March, 2003, Galloway did not intervene in any way in Parliamentary debates or ask any oral questions for the remainder of the Parliament and his participation in House of Commons Divisions was among the lowest of any MP (the website "They Work For You.com"^[20] has more details). Since being elected in 2005, his participation rate has remained low. At the end of 2005 he had participated in only 15% of votes in the House of Commons since the general election, placing him 634 out of 645 MPs - of the MPs below him in the rankings, one is the Prime Minister Tony Blair, five are Sinn Fein members who have an abstentionist policy towards taking their seats, three are the speaker and deputy speakers and therefore ineligible to vote, and two have died since the election. Galloway claims a record of unusual activity at a "grass roots" level. His own estimate is that he has made 1,100 public speeches between September 2001 and May 2005. ^[21]

In November 2005 Galloway's commitment to Parliamentary activity was again called into question when he failed to attend the Report Stage of the Prevention of Terrorism Bill in the House of Commons, despite Respect having urged its members to put pressure on MPs to attend^[22]. It was subsequently confirmed that Galloway had been giving his one-man show in Cork, Ireland on the night (Galloway's spokesman asserted the performance was "uncancellable" ^[23]).

It initially appeared that the government won a vote by a majority of only one, and Galloway's attendance would have resulted in defeat for the government. Respect later put out a statement stating that it regretted the vote had been missed though claiming that they did not fully support the amendment. The statement further claimed that Galloway had cleared his diary for all the subsequent votes on the bill.^[24] Galloway did attend a subsequent debate on the Bill.

Political views and characteristics

File:George Galloway at demonstration.jpg

Galloway at CND blockade of Faslane Naval Base, Scotland.

Galloway has a reputation as a fiery left-winger and advocates redistribution of wealth, greater spending on welfare benefits, and extensive nationalisation of large industries. He opposes Scottish independence and supports the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Raised as a Roman Catholic, he left the church for a time but returned to Christian belief in his mid-20s, and he is opposed to abortion, although he supports Respect's pro-choice stance. Although he has voted in support of the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexuality analysis of his voting record shows absence/abstention from important gay-issues votes^[25]. Critics have claimed that his involvement in the leadership of Respect - which has a dropped gay rights from the party's 2005 election manifesto^[26] and accepted donations from certain Islamic, homophobic sources^[27] - raise questions about commitment to those issues. However, Respect's 2005 conference which George took part in, resolved that explicit defence of equal rights and calls for the end to all discrimination against lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people would be made in all of its manifestos and principal election materials (see[[28]]).

Galloway voted in support of the government's original draft of the religious hatred bill, which many people had feared would restrict artistic freedom and free speech (see[[29]]).

In the 2001 Parliament, he voted against the whip 27 times. During the 2001-02 session he was the 9th most rebellious Labour MP. He has attracted most attention for his comments on foreign policy, taking a special interest in Libya, Pakistan, Iraq, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. In an interview with the Guardian ^[30], Galloway stated "I am on the anti-imperialist left... If you are asking did I support the Soviet Union, yes I did. Yes, I did support the Soviet Union, and I think the disappearance of the Soviet Union is the biggest catastrophe of my life. If there was a Soviet Union today, we would not be having this conversation about plunging into a new war in the Middle East, and the US would not be rampaging around the globe." ^[31]

Iraq and Saddam

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Galloway meeting with Saddam Hussein.

In the late 1970s, Galloway was a founding member of the Campaign Against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq (CARDRI), which campaigned against Saddam Hussein's regime in response to its suppression of the Iraqi Communist Party. He was critical of America and Britain's later role in supporting Saddam during the Iran-Iraq War and was involved in protests at Iraq's cultural centre in London in the 1980s.

Galloway opposed the 1991 Gulf War and was critical of the effect the subsequent sanctions had on the people of Iraq. He visited Iraq several times and met senior government figures. His involvement caused certain critics to deride him as the "member for Baghdad Central". In 1994, Galloway faced some of his strongest criticism on his return from a Middle-Eastern visit during which he had met Saddam Hussein "to try and bring about an end to sanctions, suffering and war." At the meeting, he reported the support given to Saddam by the people of the Gaza Strip and infamously ended his speech with the phrase "Sir: I salute your courage, your strength, your indefatigability." ^[32] Additionally he said "hatta al-nasr, hatta al-nasr, hatta al-Quds" (Arabic for "until victory, until victory, until Jerusalem"). When later pressed to explain why he would make such a speech, he said that it was for the benefit of the Iraqi people, collectively.

In a House of Commons debate on 6 March, 2002, Foreign Office Minister Ben Bradshaw said of Galloway that he was "not just an apologist, but a mouthpiece, for the Iraqi regime over many years." Galloway called the Minister a liar and refused to withdraw, resulting in the suspension of the sitting. Bradshaw later withdrew his allegation, and Galloway apologised for using unparliamentary language. In August 2002, Galloway returned to Iraq and met Saddam Hussein for a second time. According to Galloway, the intention of the trip was to try and persuade Hussein to re-admit Dr. Hans Blix, and the United Nations weapons inspectors back into the country. ^[33]

Giving evidence in his libel case against the Daily Telegraph newspaper in 2004, Galloway testified that he regarded Saddam as a "bestial dictator" and would have welcomed his removal from power, but not by means of a military attack on Iraq. Galloway also pointed that he was a prominent critic of Saddam Hussein's regime in the 1980s, as well as of the role of Margaret Thatcher's government in supporting arms sales to Iraq during the Iran/Iraq war. Labour MP Tam Dalyell said during the controversy over whether Galloway should be expelled from the Labour Party that "in the mid-1980s there was only one MP that I can recollect making speeches about human rights in Iraq and this was George Galloway." ^[34]. When the issue of Galloway's meetings with Saddam Hussein is raised, including before the U.S. Senate, Galloway has argued that he had met Saddam "exactly the same number of times as U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld met him. The difference is Donald Rumsfeld met him to sell him guns and to give him maps the better to target those guns." ^[35]

In 1999, Galloway was criticised for spending Christmas in Iraq with Tariq Aziz, then Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister. In the 17 May, 2005, hearing of the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Galloway stated that he had had many meetings with Aziz, and characterized their relationship as friendly. ^[36] In 2006 a video surfaced showing Galloway greeting Uday Hussein, Saddam's eldest son and an alleged rapist and murderer, with jokes and the title of "Excellency" at Uday's palace in 1999 (see h[[37]]). "The two men also made unflattering comments about the United States and joked about losing weight, going bald and how difficult it is to give up smoking cigars," according to the Scotsman (see [[38]]).

Galloway signing an asylum seekers petition, sitting on the edge of the StWC stage at the 2005 Make Poverty History rally.

Galloway is Vice-President of the Stop the War Coalition(StWC). He is actively involved, often speaking on StWC platforms at anti war demonstrations. During a 9 March, 2005, interview at the University of Dhaka campus Galloway called for a global alliance between Muslims and progressives: "Not only do I think it’s possible but I think it is vitally necessary and I think it is happening already. It is possible because the progressive movement around the world and the Muslims have the same enemies. Their enemies are the Zionist occupation, American occupation, British occupation of poor countries mainly Muslim countries." ^[39]

Views on Blair and Bush

At the national conference of the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers, on 30 June, 2003, he apologised for describing George Bush as a "wolf", saying that to do so defamed wolves:

"No wolf would commit the sort of crimes against humanity that George Bush committed against the people of Iraq."

On 20 November, 2004, George Galloway gave an interview on Abu-Dhabi TV in which he said:

The people who invaded and destroyed Iraq and have murdered more than a million Iraqi people by sanctions and war will burn in Hell in the hell-fires, and their name in history will be branded as killers and war criminals for all time. Fallujah is a Guernica, Falluaja is a Stalingrad, and Iraq is in flames as a result of the actions of these criminals. Not the resistance, not anybody else but these criminals who invaded and fell like wolves upon the people of Iraq. And by the way, those Arab regimes which helped them to do it will burn in the same hell-fires. ^[40]

On 20 June, 2005, he appeared on Al Jazeera TV to lambast these two leaders and others.

Bush, and Blair, and the prime minister of Japan, and Silvio Berlusconi, these people are criminals, and they are responsible for mass murder in the world, for the war, and for the occupation, through their support for Israel, and through their support for a globalised capitalist economic system, which is the biggest killer the world has ever known. It has killed far more people than Adolf Hitler. It has killed far more people than George Bush. The economic system which these people support, which leaves most of the people in the world hungry, and without clean water to drink. So we're going to put them on trial, the leaders, when they come. They think they're coming for a holiday in a beautiful country called Scotland; in fact, they're coming to their trial....Ancient freedoms, which we had for hundreds of years, are being taken away from us under the name of the war on terror, when the real big terrorists are the governments of Britain and the United States. They are the real rogue states breaking international law, invading other people's countries, killing their children in the name of anti-terrorism, when in fact, all they're achieving is to make more terrorists in the world, not less, to make the world more dangerous, rather than less. ^[41]

Galloway has accused Tony Blair of "waging war on Muslims at home and abroad".

On 3 February, 2006, Galloway was refused entry to Egypt at Cairo Airport and was detained "on grounds of national security", where he had been invited to 'give evidence' at a 'mock trial' of US President Bush and UK PM Blair. After being detained overnight, he said Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak "apologised on behalf of the Egyptian people", and was allowed to enter the country. After initial derogatory comments from Galloway and a spokesman from his Respect party regarding Mubarak's pro-western stance and ties to Bush and Blair, Galloway later commented: "It was a most gracious apology which I accept wholeheartedly. I consider the matter now closed" (see [[42]], [[43]]).

July 2005 London bombings

In the House of Commons, on the day of the 7 July 2005 London bombings that killed 56 and injured hundreds, and following a visit to the Royal London Hospital in his constituency where many of the victims had been taken, Galloway argued that the attacks were a predictable consequence of the government's foreign policy in Iraq and Afghanistan:

They were not remotely unpredictable. Our own security services predicted them and warned the Government that if we [invaded Iraq] we would be at greater risk from terrorist attacks such as the one that we have suffered this morning. ... Despicable, yes; but not unpredictable ... and, I predict, it will not be the last. ^[44]

In the same speech, he also said that "Let there be no equivocation: the primary responsibility for this morning's bloodshed lies with the perpetrators of those acts."

Winding up the debate for the government in the last moments allotted, Armed Forces Minister Adam Ingram described Galloway's remarks as "disgraceful" and accused Galloway of "dipping his poisonous tongue in a pool of blood" ^[45]. No time remained for Galloway to intervene and he ran afoul of the Deputy Speaker when trying to make a point of order about Ingram's attack. He later went on to describe Ingram as a "thug" who had committed a "foul-mouthed, deliberately timed, last-10-seconds smear." ^[46]). The men had previously clashed over claims in Galloway's autobiography (see below).

Rhetorical skill

Galloway is seen as an adept wordsmith and debater. For example, according to the Boston Globe ^[47] he is "known, even in the highly articulate world of British politics, for his memorable turns of phrase," whereas the Times ^[48] finds that he has "the gift of the Glasgow gab, a love of the stage and an inexhaustible fund of self-belief." The Guardian ^[49] finds him "renowned for his colourful rhetoric and combative debating style" and the Spectator once awarded him Debater of the Year. Sometimes this general acknowledgement of Galloway's rhetorical capacity is accompanied by criticism that he is evasive (Scotsman ^[50], "ducked the question") and he has also been repeatedly jeered for remarks seen as fawning over Arab dictators. His remarks can be sampled at Wikiquotes ^[51].

Corruption allegations

Mariam Appeal

In 1998 Galloway founded the Mariam Appeal, intended "to campaign against sanctions on Iraq which are having disastrous effects on the ordinary people of Iraq". The campaign was named after Mariam Hamza, a single child flown by the fund from Iraq to Britain to receive treatment for leukaemia. The intention was to raise awareness of the suffering and death of hundreds of thousands of other Iraqi children due to lack of suitable medicines and facilities, and to campaign for the lifting of the western sanctions that Galloway maintained were responsible for that situation. The campaign won Galloway press coverage, first positive then increasingly negative, as allegations arose that funds were misappropriated and used to pay his wife and driver.

The fund was at the centre of a further scrutiny during the 2003 Gulf war, with allegations of lavish spending on Galloway's regular trips to the Middle East, including first class travel, luxury hotel accommodation, and consumption of expensive champagne and caviar. Galloway, however, denied that he had misused any funds raised for the Mariam Appeal and pointed out that it was not unreasonable for money from a campaign fund to be used to pay for the travel expenses of campaigners. Although the Mariam Appeal was never a registered charity and never intended to be such, it was investigated by the Charity Commission. The report of this year-long inquiry, published in June 2004^[52], found that the Mariam Appeal was doing charitable work (and so should properly have been registered with them), but did not substantiate allegations that any funds had been misused.

Oil for Food

Daily Telegraph

On 22 April, 2003, the Daily Telegraph published an article describing documents which the paper claimed had been found by its reporter David Blair in the ruins of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry. The documents purport to be records of meetings between Galloway and Iraqi intelligence agents, and state that he had received £375,000 per year from the proceeds of the Oil for Food programme ^[53]. Galloway completely denied the story, insisted that the documents were forgeries, and pointed to the nature of the discovery within an unguarded, bombed-out building as being questionable. He instigated legal action against the newspaper, which was heard in the High Court from 14 November, 2004 (HQ03X0206, George Galloway MP vs. Telegraph Group Ltd.)

On 2 December, Justice David Eady ruled that the story had been "seriously defamatory", and that the Telegraph was "obliged to compensate Mr Galloway... and to make an award for the purposes of restoring his reputation". Galloway was awarded £150,000 damages plus costs estimated to total £1.2 million. In UK libel cases, the winning party is also normally awarded costs, with the loser paying the bill. The court did not grant leave to appeal; in order to appeal in the absence of leave, the defendants would have to petition the House of Lords.

The libel case was regarded by both sides as an important test of the Reynolds qualified-privilege defence ^[54]. The Daily Telegraph did not attempt to claim justification (a defence in which the defendant bears the onus of proving that the defamatory reports are true): "It has never been the Telegraph's case to suggest that the allegations contained in these documents are true". ^[55] Instead, the paper sought to argue that it acted responsibly because the allegations it reported were of sufficient public interest to outweigh the damage caused to Galloway's reputation. However, the court ruled that, "It was the defendants' primary case that their coverage was no more than 'neutral reportage' ... but the nature, content and tone of their coverage cannot be so described."

The issue of whether the documents were genuine was likewise not at issue at the trial. Each side had tried to get some independent confirmation that they were genuine (the Telegraph) or were not (Galloway). The Telegraph hired Ibrahim Marashi, the author of the so-called second "dodgy dossier", to verify the documents. In his opinion they were genuine, although this has never been verified in court.

The Telegraph lost their appeal on 25 January, 2006, the same day as Galloway's Big Brother eviction, and on 15 February, 2006, the newspaper announced it would not be seeking leave to appeal against the verdict.

Others

The Christian Science Monitor also published a story on 25 April, 2003, stating that they had documentary evidence that he had received "more than ten million dollars" from the Iraqi regime. However, on 20 June, 2003, the Monitor ( article link^[56]) reported that their own investigation had concluded the documents were sophisticated forgeries, and apologised. Galloway rejected the newspaper's apology, asserted that the affair was a conspiracy against him, and continued a libel claim against the paper.

The Christian Science Monitor settled the claim, paying him an undisclosed sum in damages, on 19 March, 2004. ^{[57] [58]} It emerged that these documents had first been offered to the Daily Telegraph, but they had rejected them. The documents' origin remains obscure.

In January 2004, a further set of allegations were made in al-Mada, a newspaper in Iraq. The newspaper claimed to have found documents in the Iraqi national oil corporation showing that Galloway received (through an intermediary) some of the profits arising from the sale of 19.5 million barrels (3,100,000 m³) of oil. Galloway acknowledged that money had been paid into the Mariam Appeal by Iraqi businessmen who had profited from the UN-run programme, but denied benefiting personally, and maintained that, in any case, there was nothing illicit about this:

It is hard to see what is dishonourable, let alone "illicit", about Arab nationalist businessmen donating some of the profits they made from legitimate UN-controlled business with Iraq to anti-sanctions campaigns, as opposed to, say, keeping their profits for themselves.

The report of the Iraq Survey Group published in October 2004 claimed that Galloway was one of the recipients of a fund used by Iraq to buy influence among foreign politicians. Galloway denied receiving any money from Saddam Hussein's regime. The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards had begun an investigation into George Galloway but suspended it when Galloway launched legal action. On December 14, it was announced that this investigation would resume.

U.S. Senate

Allegations

File:Galloway Evidence.jpg

Evidence presented to the Committee (contract M/9/23); George Galloway's name appears next to Fawaz Zureikat in a different font and at an angle to the rest of the text on that line (number 23 in the list).

In May 2005, a U.S. Senate committee report ^[59] accused Galloway along with former French minister Charles Pasqua of receiving the right to buy oil under the UN's oil-for-food scheme. The report was issued by the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, chaired by Senator Norm Coleman, a Republican from Minnesota. The report cited further documents from the Iraqi oil ministry and interviews with Iraqi officials. No comment was made on whether the
documents have been investigated for evidence of forgery.

Coleman's committee said Pasqua had received allocations worth 11 million barrels from 1999 to 2000, and Galloway received allocations worth 20 million barrels from 2000 to 2003. The allegations against Pasqua and Galloway, both outspoken opponents of U.N. sanctions against Iraq in the 1990s, have been made before, including in an October report by U.S. arms inspector Charles Duelfer as well as in the various purported documents described earlier in this section. But Coleman's report provided several new details. It also included information from interviews with former high-ranking officials now in U.S. custody, including former Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz and former Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan. Among the claims is that there is new evidence to suggest that the Mariam Appeal, a children's leukaemia charity founded by Galloway, was in fact used to conceal oil payments. The report cites Ramadan as saying in an interview that Galloway was allocated oil "because of his opinions about Iraq."

File:M-12-14frag.jpg

Detail of contract M/12/14 (click on image for high-resolution version)

Socialist Worker Online ^[60] (also reproduced in the weekly printed publication) reported what they say is evidence that the key Iraqi oil ministry documents regarding oil allocations, in which Galloway's name appears six times (contracts M/08/35, M/09/23 ^[61], M/10/38, M/11/04 ^[62], M/12/14, M/13/48 ^[63]) have been tampered with. They published a copy of contract M/09/23 and allege that George Galloway's name appears to have been added in a different font and at a different angle to the rest of the text on that line. In these documents (relating to oil allocations 8-13), Galloway is among just a few people whose nationality is never identified, whilst Zureikat is the only one whose nationality is identified in one instance but not in others. ^[64] Socialist Worker is a publication of the Socialist Workers Party, which is in alliance with Galloway in RESPECT - the Unity Coalition.

Galloway response

On 17 May, 2005, the committee held a hearing concerning specific allegations (of which Galloway was one part) relating to improprieties surrounding the Oil-for-Food programme. Attending Galloway's oral testimony and inquiring of him were two of the thirteen committee members: the chair (Coleman) and the ranking Democrat (Carl Levin). ^[65].

Upon Galloway's arrival in the US, he told Reuters, "I have no expectation of justice from a group of Christian fundamentalist and Zionist activists under the chairmanship of a neo-con George Bush". Galloway described Coleman as a "pro-war, neo-con hawk and the lickspittle of George W. Bush", who, he said, sought revenge against anyone who did not support the invasion of Iraq.

In his testimony, Galloway made the following statements in response to the allegations against him ^[66]:

Senator, I am not now, nor have I ever been, an oil trader. and neither has anyone on my behalf. I have never seen a barrel of oil, owned one, bought one, sold one - and neither has anyone on my behalf. Now I know that standards have slipped in the last few years in Washington, but for a lawyer you are remarkably cavalier with any idea of justice. I am here today but last week you already found me guilty. You traduced my name around the world without ever having asked me a single question, without ever having contacted me, without ever written to me or telephoned me, without any attempt to contact me whatsoever. And you call that justice.

He questioned the reliability of evidence given by former Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan, stating that the circumstances of his captivity by American forces calls into question the authenticity of the remarks. Galloway also pointed out an error in the report, where documents by The Daily Telegraph were said to have covered an earlier period from those held by the Senate. In fact the report's documents referred to the same period as those used by the The Daily Telegraph, though Galloway pointed out that the presumed forgeries pertaining to the Christian Science Monitor report did refer to an earlier period.

Galloway also took the occasion of his Senate testimony to denounce the invasion of Iraq as having been based on "a pack of lies". The U.S. media, in reporting his appearance, emphasized his blunt remarks on the war. The British media, however, gave generally more positive coverage; TV presenter Anne Robinson said Galloway "quite frankly put the pride back in British politics" when introducing him for a prime time talk show. ^{[67] [68]}

Alleged perjury

A report by the majority staff of the Senate committee on investigations published in October 2005 asserted that Galloway had perjured himself when appearing before them. The report exhibits bank statements seeming to show that £85,000 of proceeds from the 'Oil for Food' programme had been paid to Galloway's then wife Amineh Abu-Zayyad. Galloway reiterated his denial of the charges and challenged the U.S. Senate committee to charge him with perjury. He claimed Coleman's motive was revenge over the embarrassment of his appearance before the committee in May. ^{[69] [70] [71]}.

Later he said that his "...wife has denied ever having received any money from Dr al-Chelabi." ^[72]. Former Iraqi deputy prime minister Tariq Aziz, according to his lawyer, denied claiming that Galloway had received illicit funds, as has been reported by some newspapers ^[73].

Publishing/media activities

Asian Voice

Galloway has been involved in several publishing companies. He owned Asian Voice, which published a newspaper called East from 1996. An investigation by BBC Newsnight found that Galloway had secured payments of £60,000 and £135,000 from the Pakistani governments of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. Galloway insisted this was for advertising space and bulk copies, but Newsnight alleged that it was for favourable coverage of Pakistan.

He is currently one of two Directors of Finjan Ltd.; the other Director is his former wife. In May 2005, he launched a new publishing house, Friction, an imprint that will publish "books that burn, books that cause controversy and get people talking."

Autobiography

His autobiography, I'm Not The Only One, was published on 29 April, 2004. The book's title is a quotation from "Imagine" by John Lennon. Armed Forces Minister Adam Ingram applied for an interim interdict to prevent the book's publication. Ingram asserted that Galloway's text that Ingram "played the flute in a sectarian, anti-Catholic, Protestant-supremacist Orange Order band" was in bad faith and defamatory, although Ingram's lawyers conceded that for a year as a teenager he had been a member of a junior Orange Lodge in Barlanark, Glasgow, and had attended three parades. The Judge, Lord Kingarth, decided that he should refuse to grant an interim interdict, that the balance of the arguments favoured Galloway's publisher, and that Mr. Ingram should pay the full court costs of the hearing. The interim edict was denied, however Mr. Ingram is still entitled to pursue a damages-seeking defamation action. ^[74]

Celebrity Big Brother

In January 2006 Galloway made an appearance on Channel Four's Celebrity Big Brother in which he lived in a house for up to three weeks with another ten celebrities (model Jodie Marsh, US basketball star Dennis Rodman, entertainer Michael Barrymore, television star Traci Bingham, actress Rula Lenska, Dead or Alive singer Pete Burns, Singer Maggot from the satirical rap group Goldie Lookin' Chain, ex-FA Secretary Faria Alam, Singer Samuel Preston and unknown model Chantelle Houghton). He said it was a "chance to show a large and different audience what I'm really like" and that he went in "to get away from constant telephone and email traffic, and for the chance to make new and unexpected friends". His spokesman Ron McKay revealed that if he won, he would give the prize money to Interpal, a Palestinian charity. A percentage of the proceeds from viewers voting by phone and text also goes to the charity of the participant's choice.

Galloway's decision to enter the Big Brother house for up to three weeks was criticised. The actress Helen Mirren - a constituent who had endorsed Oona King in 2005 - described his actions as "deserting" his constituency and said that his interest in participating in the programme was just self-interest ^[75].

The Guardian posed as a constituent wanting their MP's involvement in solving a problem with their home, but claimed after many phone calls that they could only get through to his media agent ^[76]. Galloway's consistuency office denied the substance of this article. Galloway's office issued a prepared statement which said he went in "for Palestine" and to reach "the biggest audience I will ever have" for his political message. He added that he hoped "to reach this mass, young, overwhelmingly not yet political audience with our simple case" ^[77].

Although Galloway often talked politics while in the house, Channel Four edited out almost all of his statements and opinions ^[78] because of rules set by the regulator Ofcom requiring broadcasters to present a balance of views on a subject of controversy. At one point, however, the producers organised a UK vs USA debate, where Galloway took the side opposed to the USA. After leaving the house, Mr Galloway expressed surprise at the censorship, stating "Not only did I not know I'd be censored, I was told by the Big Brother producers I would not be" (see [79]]) Galloway was seen and heard telling Rula Lenska (with whom he got on well) that Saddam Hussein was "not hated" by ordinary Iraqi people (see[[80]]).

On day four the housemates were asked to arrange themselves in order of fame from most famous to least famous and he placed himself at number four out of the eleven. He later suggested - in a conversation with Rula Lenska - that globally he may have the most fame, claiming that practically all of the 1.3 billion Muslims in the world know of him. To win food and drink for his fellow housemates, the Big Brother producers set a task in which Galloway or Lenska had to pretend to be a cat. As a result, Galloway was seen on all fours, licking 'cream' from a 'bowl' (the cupped hands of Lenska). Those critical of Galloway have suggested that he did not show himself in a good light.

Many media organisations found local people in Bethnal Green who stated their regret for having supported Galloway following his appearance on Big Brother. The Sunday Mail suggested that "all those disgruntled constituents were Labour Party activists in Bethnal Green who are raging because George ousted their candidate" (see [Sunday Mail]).

On Wednesday, 25 January 2006, Galloway was evicted from the show. He was shocked to learn of the impression people had of him inside the Big Brother House as well as the political interest. He had a paticularly public spat with BB Aled from The Chris Moyles Show, which had carried out a light-hearted non-scientific survey which found 92% of responders disliked Galloway. When questioned about it by Aled, Galloway seemed dismissive (see [[81]]).

George Galloway said he "meant everything he said" inside the house. Labour MP Stephen Pound assessed the likely reaction in the world of politics, saying "When he returns to the House of Commons there's going to be such a chorus of 'Meow.' He'll have a saucer of milk waiting for him and a litter tray." Pound called Galloway's stint on the reality show a "slow-motion car crash."[82] Galloway however said that "that two out of three objectives have been successful. The Palestinian charity has benefited from my time in the house. The employment of two new constituency workers from my £150,000 fee has been achieved. The third goal of engaging with younger people remains to be seen" (see [The Independent]).

Galloway compared his activities in the house to the sort of things news readers do to raise money for charity on Children in Need and Red Nose Day. He added that "Other MPs might have been at the House of Commons, and some of them might have been propping up the bars. Other MPs might have been on exotic foreign trips, fact-finding in the Seychelles or the Maldives. I was trying something different" (see [BBC News]).

He is set to earn £150,000 from his appearance on Celebrity Big Brother, but will write a cheque to the taxpayer for the percentage of his parliamentary salary he has drawn during his stay in the house (see Sunday Herald]).

Notes

1. ^ "Indie West - News Article". 2005-12-15.
2. ^ Template:News reference
3. ^ Template:News reference
4. ^ Template:News reference
5. ^ "Sunday Herald". 2005-12-15.
6. ^ Template:News reference
7. ^ Template:News reference
8. ^ Template:News reference
9. ^ The Almanac of British Politics by Robert Waller and Byron Criddle (Routledge, London, Fourth Edition 1991 and Fifth Edition 1996) ISBN 0415005086 and ISBN 0415118050
10. ^ "Why the MP went begging to Pakistan". 2005-12-15.
11. ^ Template:News reference
12. ^ Andrew Sparrow, The Daily Telegraph, 24 October 2003, "How attack on 'wolves' caught up with George Galloway: MP's outburst in TV interview triggered Labour inquiry"
13. ^ The Trial: How New Labour Purged George Galloway, Galloway, George, Bookmarks. ISBN 1898876479.
14. ^ Template:News reference
15. ^ "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - London region". 2005-12-15.
16. ^ Template:News reference
17. ^ Transcript of interview on BBC website
18. ^ Oona King interview, audio, Radio 4
19. ^ "Appendix" (PDF). 2005-12-15.
20. ^ ""They Work For You.com"". 2005-12-15.
21. ^ BBC Radio 4, Broadcasting House, 22 May 2005, interview with George Galloway.
22. ^ "put pressure on MPs to attend". 2005-12-15.
23. ^ Template:News reference
24. ^ "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". 2005-12-15.
25. ^ Template:News reference
26. ^ Simon Hattenstone, The Guardian, September 16, 2002, "Saddam and me"
27. ^ "http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Galloway". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
28. ^ "http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Galloway (See above)". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
29. ^ "Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs". 2005-12-15.
30. ^ "Free Speech Radio News lineup - Friday, August 09, 2002". 2005-12-15.
31. ^ Template:News reference
32. ^ Template:News reference
33. ^ "MEMRI TV". 2005-12-15.
34. ^ "MEMRI TV". 2005-12-15.
35. ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 7 Jul 2005 (pt 26)". 2005-12-15.
36. ^ "http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm050707/debtext/50707-30.htm#stpa_398". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
37. ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 7 Jul 2005 (pt 31)". 2005-12-15.
38. ^ Template:News reference
39. ^ Template:News reference
40. ^ Template:News reference
41. ^ Template:News reference
42. ^ "http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Galloway (See above)". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
43. ^ "Iraq News Network - Galloway calls for global unity between Islamic and Left forces". 2005-12-15.
44. ^ "The Mariam Appeal". 2005-12-15.
45. ^ Template:News reference
46. ^ "http://www.a2mediagroup.com/?c=49&a=5192&sid=ca813415e90dc1b7b8815fc27af97357". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
47. ^ "GNN - Government News Network". 2005-12-15.
48. ^ Template:News reference
49. ^ "Reynolds v. Times Newspapers Ltd and Others [1999] UKHL 45; [1999] 4 All ER 609; [1999] 3 WLR 1010 (28th October, 1999)". 2005-12-15.
50. ^ Template:News reference
51. ^ Template:News reference
52. ^ Template:News reference
53. ^ Template:News reference
54. ^ "Microsoft Word - 4325D8CF-38BA-08845B.doc" (PDF). 2005-12-15.
55. ^ Template:News reference
56. ^ Template:News reference
57. ^ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galloway_Evidence.jpg". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
58. ^ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galloway_Evidence_2.jpg". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
59. ^ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galloway_Evidence_4.jpg". 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
60. ^ In the relevant oil allocation tables 8-13, there are 634 allocations (in the main tables, excluding unsigned contract sections). Excluding the Zuraykat/Galloway entries, only 17 do not name the nationality either in brackets or as part of the entity name. 8 of those 17 are accounted for by just three names - which are also the only non-Zuraykat/Galloway entries to be unsigned in allocations 10-13 (Abu al Abbas: 13/40, 11/50, 10/28; Mrs Hamida Na'ana: 8/70, 11/100, 13/26; Shakir al Khafaji: 8/117, 10/24). In allocations 8-9, a further 9 names are listed once, with nationality unsigned. See Duelfer Report Annex B for the original and full version of the oil voucher accounting forms.
61. ^ Full Realvideo and Transcripts of SubCommittee 'Galloway' Hearing
62. ^ Template:News reference
63. ^ Template:News reference
64. ^ "MARIAM APPEAL - www.mariamappeal.com". 2005-12-15.
65. ^ "MARIAM APPEAL - www.mariamappeal.com". 2005-12-15.
66. ^ Template:News reference
67. ^ Template:News reference
68. ^ Template:News reference
69. ^ "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". 2005-12-15.
70. ^ Template:News reference
71. ^ "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". 2005-12-15.
72. ^ Template:News reference
73. ^ Template:News reference
74. ^ "The London Line : Galloway's Muslim friction". 2005-12-15.
75. ^ Richard Jinman, The Guardian, May 27, 2005, "Galloway's new venture"
76. ^ "The Sun online, Galloway 'deserter' blast". 2006-01-07.
77. ^ "Guardian online, In search of gorgeous George". 2006-01-07.
78. ^ "Galloway gives his reasons for taking on Big Brother". 2006-01-07.
79. ^ "Gay group tells Galloway to cut ties with donor". 2006-01-07.
80. ^ "Galloway's Party in Gay Rights Row". 2006-01-07.
81. ^ "Policy Report — 'Pro gay rights' compared to George Galloway MP". 2006-01-07.

External links

General

• RESPECT - The Unity Coalition. Official party website.
• GeorgeGalloway.com. Unofficial George Galloway website.
• mrgallowaygoestowashington.com official site for book tour.
• Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle: George Galloway MP
• TheyWorkForYou.com - George Galloway MP
• The Public Whip - George Galloway MP voting record
• George Galloway Is Gruesome, Not Gorgeous by Christopher Hitchens published on Slate.com, Tuesday, Sept. 13, 2005. This piece is the prequel to the Galloway vs Hitchens debate [83] held at CUNY, Wednesday Sept 14 2005.
• Galloway Vs. Hitchens Debate Sept 2005
• Galloway Speaks in Manchester, Video, Chris Edwards

Articles and news reports

• Al-Jiran. Iraqi author Fadhil Rashad: George Galloway, You Will Be Tried Just Like Your Friend and Benefactor Saddam Hussein. November 30, 2005.
• The Independent George Galloway vs. Christopher Hitchens, September 16, 2005.
• Zirin, Dave. Mr. Galloway Goes to Washington. Znet September 13, 2005
• Sunday Herald George Galloway - personal interview August 7, 2005.
• BBC. George Galloway interview on "What's the problem?". June 10, 2005.
• McKay, Ron. Galloway Beats New Labour and the Ghost Voters. Sunday Herald. May 8, 2005.
• Greenslade, Roy. No need for balance. The Guardian. May 13, 2005.
• Alliance for Workers Liberty. Would You Vote For This Man?: "Respect" and George Galloway. Solidarity 3/70. March 31, 2005.
• Waraich, Omar The Galloway Saga: Smearing an Antiwar Politician. CounterPunch (newsletter). Feb 24, 2005.
• BBC. Galloway Wins Saddam Libel Case. December 2, 2004.
• Abu Dhabi TV. British MP Galloway: US and British Governments Will Burn in "Hell-Fires". November 20, 2004.
• The Scotsman. Galloway Iraq appeal cleared of impropriety over funds. June 29, 2004.
• The Guardian. Special Report: George Galloway Expulsion from the Labour Party. April 25, 2004.
• Al Jazeera. So what do I believe in? transcript of speech. October 30, 2003.
• Watson, Richard. Why the MP went begging to Pakistan. The Daily Telegraph, April 26, 2003.
• The Scotsman. Indefatigably yours. Personal interview, 19 May 2003
• New Worker.End the blockade on Iraq 1998 interview

US Congressional testimony & related

• Unspinning the US’s web of lies against Galloway, Socialist Worker, 5 November 2005
• mp3 of George Galloway vs. Christopher Hitchens, September 14, 2005
• Galloway lied over Iraqi oil payments, says Congress report, Rupert Cornwell, The Independent, October 25 2005
• Christopher Hitchens' documentation of the Oil for Food issue, September 2005
• Unmitigated Galloway, Christopher Hitchens, Weekly Standard, May 30, 2005
• How they forged the case against Galloway, Socialist Worker newspaper, May 21, 2005
• "Galloway and the mother of all invective", The Guardian newspaper, May 18, 2005
• Link to full video recording of hearing in this BBC News report:Galloway takes on US oil accusers, BBC, May 17 2005
• UK's Galloway blisters US policy on Iraq on MSNBC Crooks & Liars: audio and video
• Two Fox News reports: one short and sceptical; the other is a longer recording of Galloway's testimony, Fox News, May 18 2005
• Transcript of Galloway's comments, CNN
• Full Text of Galloway's statements, Times online
• Galloway's statements including senators questions
• US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 12 May 2005, "Report on oil allocations granted to Charles Pasqua & George Galloway"

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